The document discusses extrusion-based additive manufacturing systems. It describes how these systems work by loading a material, liquefying it, applying pressure to extrude it through a nozzle in layers, and bonding the layers. Key points covered include how the material is loaded and liquefied in the reservoir chamber, how extrusion occurs through controlling pressure, and common materials like ABS that are used.
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
PLASTIC MOULDING and Methods involving in itGaurav Tyagi
plastic moulding a topic with some less knowledges
but surely help out the masters as well as unger graduates in their assignments
no need to modify just go through it and take some innovative ideas and some will be making some more better ones
but for those who are in a hurry and want to minimise their time or wants to save their time its a copmlete package just go through it
RTM is a low-pressure molding process, where a mixed resin and catalyst are injected into a closed mold containing a fiber pack or preform . when the resin has cured the mold can be opened and finished component removed.
Fibre Reinforced Plastic manufacturing methodsjeff jose
Composites manufacturing processes are complex, and involve combinations of the following physical processes:
1) Reinforcement Shaping
2) Resin Infusion
3) Composite Consolidation
Advantages and disadvantages of processing techniques
plastic composite manufacturing
Hand Lay-up
Spray up method
Filament winding
Match die molding
Pultrusion
Resin transfer molding
Reaction injection molding
Hand Lay-Up is well suited for low volume production of product.
This method can be used for both corrosion barrier and the structural portion
Fiber is chopped in a hand-held gun and fed into a spray of catalyzed resin directed at the mold. The deposited materials are left to cure under standard atmospheric conditions.
What is The Process, Structure and Working of a Rapid DryerVJInstruments
In the pharmaceutical industry, a Rapid Dryer (also known as a fluid bed dryer) is used extensively to decrease the moisture content of medicinal powder and granules.
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
PLASTIC MOULDING and Methods involving in itGaurav Tyagi
plastic moulding a topic with some less knowledges
but surely help out the masters as well as unger graduates in their assignments
no need to modify just go through it and take some innovative ideas and some will be making some more better ones
but for those who are in a hurry and want to minimise their time or wants to save their time its a copmlete package just go through it
RTM is a low-pressure molding process, where a mixed resin and catalyst are injected into a closed mold containing a fiber pack or preform . when the resin has cured the mold can be opened and finished component removed.
Fibre Reinforced Plastic manufacturing methodsjeff jose
Composites manufacturing processes are complex, and involve combinations of the following physical processes:
1) Reinforcement Shaping
2) Resin Infusion
3) Composite Consolidation
Advantages and disadvantages of processing techniques
plastic composite manufacturing
Hand Lay-up
Spray up method
Filament winding
Match die molding
Pultrusion
Resin transfer molding
Reaction injection molding
Hand Lay-Up is well suited for low volume production of product.
This method can be used for both corrosion barrier and the structural portion
Fiber is chopped in a hand-held gun and fed into a spray of catalyzed resin directed at the mold. The deposited materials are left to cure under standard atmospheric conditions.
What is The Process, Structure and Working of a Rapid DryerVJInstruments
In the pharmaceutical industry, a Rapid Dryer (also known as a fluid bed dryer) is used extensively to decrease the moisture content of medicinal powder and granules.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
1. Unit-4 Extrusion based &
Sheet Lamination processes
CO4: Analyze the extrusion and sheet lamination in additive Manufacturing.
Extrusion based system: FDM-Introduction-Basic Principle-Materials-
Applications and Limitations-Bioextrusion.
Sheet Lamination Process:LOM-Gluing or Adhesive bonding-Thermal bonding
2. Extrusion-Based Systems
• The material that is being extruded must be in a semisolid state when
it comes out of the nozzle.
• This material must fully solidify while remaining in that shape.
• The material must bond to material that has already been extruded
so that a solid structure can result.
• AM machine must be capable of scanning in a horizontal plane as
well as starting and stopping the flow of material while scanning.
• Once a layer is completed, the machine must index upwards, or move
the part downwards, so that a further layer can be produced.
• Molten material is liquefied inside a reservoir so that it can flow out
through the nozzle and bond with adjacent material before
solidifying.
3. Basic Principles
– Loading of material
– Liquification of the material
– Application of pressure to move the material through the nozzle
– Extrusion
– Plotting according to a predefined path and in a controlled manner
– Bonding of the material to itself or secondary build materials to form a
coherent solid structure
– Inclusion of support structures to enable complex geometrical features
4. Material Loading
• Material Loading extrusion is used, there must be a chamber from
which the material is extruded.
• The chamber itself is therefore the main location for the liquification
process. Pellets, granules, or powders are fed through the chamber
under gravity or with the aid of a screw or similar propelling process.
• Materials that are fed through the system under gravity require a
plunger or compressed gas to force it through the narrow nozzle.
• Screw feeding not only pushes the material through to the base of the
reservoir but can be sufficient to generate the pressure needed to
push it through the nozzle as well.
• A continuous filament can be pushed into the reservoir chamber, thus
providing a mechanism for generating an input pressure for the nozzle.
5. Liquification
• The extrusion method works on the principle that what is held in the
chamber will become a liquid that can eventually be pushed through
the die or nozzle.
• This material could be in the form of a solution that will quickly
solidify following the extrusion, but more likely this material will be
liquid because of heat applied to the chamber.
• The material inside the chamber should be kept in a molten state but
care should be taken to maintain it at as low a temperature as
possible since some polymers degrade quickly at higher temperatures
and could also burn, leaving residue on the inside of the chamber that
would be difficult to remove and that would contaminate further
melt.
6. Schematic of extrusion-based systems
• The extrusion nozzle determines the shape and size of the
extruded filament. A larger nozzle diameter will enable
material to flow more rapidly but would result in a part with
lower precision compared with the original CAD drawing.
The diameter of the nozzle also determines the minimum
feature size that can be created. No feature can be smaller
than this diameter and in practice features should normally
be large relative to the nozzle diameter to faithfully
reproduce them with satisfactory strength. Extrusion-based
processes are therefore more suitable for larger parts that
have features and wall thicknesses that are at least twice
the nominal diameter of the extrusion nozzle used. Material
flow through the nozzle is controlled by the pressure drop
between the chamber and the surrounding atmosphere.
Pinch roller feed system is used this is most common
approach, one can consider the forces generated by the
rollers as the mechanism for generating the extrusion
pressure.
The increased modulus would lead to higher pressure and
thus a higher force generated by the pinch rollers.
7. Materials
• ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
• The most popular material is the ABSplus material, which can be used
on all current Stratasys FDM machines.
• This is an updated version of the original ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene) material that was developed for earlier FDM technology.
• Users interested in a translucent effect may opt for the ABSi material,
which has similar properties to other materials in the ABS range.
Some machines also have an option for ABS blended with
Polycarbonate (PC).