This presentation is about history of communication technology as well as the development of 4G technology. The video attached in this presentation is copyrighted by Samsung inc.
The document summarizes the first generation (1G) of wireless telephone technology, which used analog signals. 1G networks were first launched commercially in Japan in 1979 and then spread to other countries in the early 1980s, though each country implemented its own incompatible standards. 1G systems had limitations like being analog and prone to interference, lacking international roaming capabilities. They were then replaced in the late 1980s and early 1990s by 2G digital networks to overcome these disadvantages.
Mobile communication has evolved significantly since the first prediction in 1959 and demonstration in 1973. It allows users to stay connected anytime and anywhere through voice calls, SMS, and apps. The top manufacturers are Samsung, Apple, and others. While mobile technology provides many benefits, it also has environmental and human impacts that require consideration, such as the use of conflict minerals that fund violence. Future developments like 5G will further change mobile communication.
Mobile communication systems IntroductionNevil Dsouza
An electronic telecom device, often called a cellphone, connects to wireless networks through radio waves or satellites to provide voice calls, text messages, multimedia messages, internet browsing, and email. Mobile phones use various wireless communication standards including Bluetooth, Zigbee, Home RF, 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular networks to connect to networks and transmit data. 2G networks are the most widely used generation of mobile communication technology currently.
5G technology will provide speeds up to 1Gbps, support up to 1000x more connected devices, and have near instant latency of 1ms. It aims to create a fully wireless world with seamless connectivity anywhere. 5G aims to meet requirements like ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth, and massive device connectivity to support new applications like smart cities and autonomous vehicles. Benefits will include high speeds for multimedia and virtual reality applications as well as support for nearly unlimited call volumes and data broadcasts.
4G networks will provide speeds up to 100Mbps, allowing real-time voice, high-quality data, and multimedia services anywhere. 4G builds on previous mobile network standards by utilizing newer technologies like OFDM to achieve higher data transmission rates and spectral efficiency compared to 3G networks. While 4G enables many new applications like virtual presence and tele-geoprocessing, it also faces security challenges around data interception, denial of service attacks, and theft of service.
1. The document provides an overview of the generations of mobile networks from 1G to 4G. 2. The key aspects covered include the introduction dates and technologies used for each generation as well as their main features and applications. 3. The evolution of networks increased data speeds and capabilities at each stage, from analog 1G to digital 2G with SMS and email, to 3G enabling internet access and video calls, and 4G providing further increases in speed and advanced multimedia services.
FUTURE PUBLIC LAND MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS(FPLMTS) AND INFORMA...NITHIN KALLE PALLY
Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS), aims at providing mobile telecommunications - Anywhere - Anytime.
These studies are intended to develop systems that could be used around the year 2000 and will operate in a frequency band around 2 000 MHz Since was FPLMTS "unmarketable" and difficult to pronounce in any of the ITU languages, the new name is International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000 (IMT2000).
ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems (FPLMTS)
Changed to IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997
To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to support wireless multimedia
– Global commercial roll-outs planned for 2001-2003.
The document summarizes the first generation (1G) of wireless telephone technology, which used analog signals. 1G networks were first launched commercially in Japan in 1979 and then spread to other countries in the early 1980s, though each country implemented its own incompatible standards. 1G systems had limitations like being analog and prone to interference, lacking international roaming capabilities. They were then replaced in the late 1980s and early 1990s by 2G digital networks to overcome these disadvantages.
Mobile communication has evolved significantly since the first prediction in 1959 and demonstration in 1973. It allows users to stay connected anytime and anywhere through voice calls, SMS, and apps. The top manufacturers are Samsung, Apple, and others. While mobile technology provides many benefits, it also has environmental and human impacts that require consideration, such as the use of conflict minerals that fund violence. Future developments like 5G will further change mobile communication.
Mobile communication systems IntroductionNevil Dsouza
An electronic telecom device, often called a cellphone, connects to wireless networks through radio waves or satellites to provide voice calls, text messages, multimedia messages, internet browsing, and email. Mobile phones use various wireless communication standards including Bluetooth, Zigbee, Home RF, 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular networks to connect to networks and transmit data. 2G networks are the most widely used generation of mobile communication technology currently.
5G technology will provide speeds up to 1Gbps, support up to 1000x more connected devices, and have near instant latency of 1ms. It aims to create a fully wireless world with seamless connectivity anywhere. 5G aims to meet requirements like ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth, and massive device connectivity to support new applications like smart cities and autonomous vehicles. Benefits will include high speeds for multimedia and virtual reality applications as well as support for nearly unlimited call volumes and data broadcasts.
4G networks will provide speeds up to 100Mbps, allowing real-time voice, high-quality data, and multimedia services anywhere. 4G builds on previous mobile network standards by utilizing newer technologies like OFDM to achieve higher data transmission rates and spectral efficiency compared to 3G networks. While 4G enables many new applications like virtual presence and tele-geoprocessing, it also faces security challenges around data interception, denial of service attacks, and theft of service.
1. The document provides an overview of the generations of mobile networks from 1G to 4G. 2. The key aspects covered include the introduction dates and technologies used for each generation as well as their main features and applications. 3. The evolution of networks increased data speeds and capabilities at each stage, from analog 1G to digital 2G with SMS and email, to 3G enabling internet access and video calls, and 4G providing further increases in speed and advanced multimedia services.
FUTURE PUBLIC LAND MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS(FPLMTS) AND INFORMA...NITHIN KALLE PALLY
Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS), aims at providing mobile telecommunications - Anywhere - Anytime.
These studies are intended to develop systems that could be used around the year 2000 and will operate in a frequency band around 2 000 MHz Since was FPLMTS "unmarketable" and difficult to pronounce in any of the ITU languages, the new name is International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000 (IMT2000).
ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems (FPLMTS)
Changed to IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997
To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to support wireless multimedia
– Global commercial roll-outs planned for 2001-2003.
Networking: A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.Computer networking may be considered as a branch of any technical field. A network allows sharing of network and computing resources.
Network Nodes. Network topology, LAN MAN WAN, Network Packet, Communication Protocols,
digital telecommunications network . Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes.Wireless technologies, wired technologies,transmission media,packet-switched network.
The document discusses the evolution of cellular network generations from 1G to 5G. 1G introduced analog cellular networks with data speeds of 2.4 kbps. 2G brought digital networks like TDMA and CDMA with speeds up to 64 kbps. 3G enabled smartphones and multimedia with speeds from 384 kbps to 2 Mbps. 4G provided high-speed data access and video streaming using WiFi and WiMax. 5G aims to offer data rates over 1 Gbps for applications like virtual reality through technologies like OFDM and millimeter wave bands. Key objectives for 5G include high throughput, low latency, and supporting a massive number of connected devices.
3G is the third generation of wireless technologies that provides faster communication services including voice, fax, and internet with global roaming. It was introduced in the 1990s to support new applications like video streaming, downloads, and location services for both consumers and businesses. While 2G provided only analog voice, 3G supports multimedia data through higher bandwidth. Successful implementation of 3G requires standards, infrastructure from providers, compatible handsets, and services. Issues slowing 3G growth include high licensing fees, infrastructure costs, health concerns, and price of services. Overall, 3G will add value by making mobility fundamental to modern connectivity.
5G technology provides significantly faster internet speeds than previous generations, with speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G LTE. 5G networks have much higher capacity to connect more devices simultaneously without slowing down. They also have extremely low latency of 1ms, making 5G suitable for applications like online gaming and telemedicine. Some key benefits of 5G include speeds over 10Gbps, 100 times more capacity than 4G, and supporting uses like high-resolution media, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things.
A mobile phone is a portable device that allows users to make telephone calls wirelessly using a radio link while on the move. It connects to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator to access the public telephone network. The first mobile phone call was demonstrated in 1973 and the first commercial mobile phone was released in 1983. Mobile phone ownership has grown exponentially, reaching over 6 billion subscriptions globally and 87% of the world population by 2011.
It is very important presentation related to 4G Wireless Technology.It is in very simple and lucid language and easy to present over the audiences.It is also very easy in making this presentation using microsoft office powerpoint 2010 software.I think this presentation will be understood and used by all school level and college level students.Comment your views on this presentation to me.Thank you!!!
3G stands for third generation wireless technology that provides high-speed internet access on mobile phones. It allows users to browse the web, transfer data at high speeds, and enhances mobility. Some key features of 3G include supporting phone calls and faxes directly on mobile phones, high-speed packet access, using location services and maps on phones, and watching TV on mobile devices through high data transfer rates. 3G networks began launching worldwide in the early 2000s and provide improved security over previous 2G networks as well as new multimedia services.
Generation of mobile phone durano jeffrey aJEFFREYDURANO2
The document summarizes the five generations of mobile phone technology:
1) 1G referred to the first analog wireless networks from 1979-1980s.
2) 2G introduced digital networks in 1991, enabling text messages and MMS.
3) 3G provided faster internet speeds from 1998 onward for smartphones.
4) 4G provided mobile broadband for laptops and high-definition services from 2008.
5) 5G is currently under development to support high data and connection volumes with low latency.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key features and limitations of each generation including increased data speeds, capabilities, and applications from 1G analog systems to today's 5G networks which enable multi-Gbps speeds and support for emerging technologies like AI. Overall, the document traces how wireless technology has advanced to support more complex uses and provide faster, more reliable mobile connectivity over multiple generations.
1. Mobile generations progressed from 0G analog radio telephones through 1G analog cellular networks, 2G digital cellular networks introducing SMS, 3G bringing higher speeds and data services like mobile internet, and 4G offering broadband speeds.
2. Key aspects of each generation include 1G offering the first cellular networks but with slow speeds and limited coverage, 2G going digital and introducing SMS, 3G bringing speeds up to 2Mbps and supporting new applications like video calls, and 4G aiming to provide speeds over 100Mbps for mobile internet services.
3. Future generations like 5G are envisioned to offer much higher speeds and more capabilities by fully integrating mobile and internet technologies to provide a true wireless world.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology, comparing the first through fifth generations of wireless technology. It discusses the expected speeds and capacities of 5G networks, as well as countries leading in 5G adoption such as South Korea, Sweden, and China. The document outlines several benefits of 5G including high speeds of over 10Gbps, low latency of 1ms, and the ability to support applications in fields such as education, healthcare and disaster response. Potential disadvantages include it being an emerging technology with security and privacy concerns.
In this knowledgebase article we will focus on the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology along with their significance and advantages of one over the other. In the past few decades, mobile wireless technologies have experience 4 or 5 generations of technology revolution and evolution, namely from 0G to 4G. Current research in mobile wireless technology concentrates on advance implementation of 4G technology and 5G technology. Currently 5G termis not officially used.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies from 0G to 4G. It discusses the characteristics of each generation including available services, data speeds, and technologies used. The major mobile operators in Egypt are also mentioned.
This document discusses the history and evolution of cell phone system technologies. It covers CDMA and GSM standards, comparing CDMA vs GSM, and the four generations of mobile phones - 0G to 4G. Key points include that CDMA uses spread spectrum techniques allowing more subscribers, GSM is the most widely used standard, and each generation brought digital transmission, internet access, and higher data speeds.
This document summarizes the evolution of cellular phone system technology from 0G to 4G over several generations: 0G systems in the 1950s used large analog phones that required connection to a base station; 1G began in 1978 and brought analog cellular networks; 2G digital networks in the 1990s enabled text messaging and greater mobility; 3G networks launched in 2001 provided faster data rates for streaming media; and 4G networks from 2009 offer data rates of 100Mbps for HD content delivery on smaller mobile devices.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key features of each generation including 1G which enabled analog voice calls, 2G which provided text messaging, and 3G which allowed faster data speeds and smart phones. 5G is presented as the next major phase, promising speeds up to 10Gbps, lower latency, and the ability to connect many more devices simultaneously. Both advantages like high connectivity and disadvantages like high infrastructure costs are noted.
5G is the fifth generation of cellular networks that is expected to be one of the fastest wireless technologies. It evolved from 1G to 5G networks, with each generation offering higher speeds and more capabilities than the last. 5G will offer speeds up to 1 Gbps, making downloads almost instantaneous, and will have a major impact on how people work and play. It will incorporate unified IP and software defined radio across wireless networks and provide high quality service, virtual private networks, and dynamic information access on a global scale.
The presentation describes about the evolution in mobile technology from 0G to 1G to 2G to 3G and finally 4G. This presentation gives you a detail idea how mobile technology evolution is changing our daily life. For more info please write to me at mailtoparteek@gmail.com
This document provides an overview of mobile communication systems and related topics. It includes sections on frequency bands used, mobile services, the history and evolution of mobile communication systems from 1st to 3rd generation, technologies like MMS, GPRS and Bluetooth, mobile computing applications, and the growth of mobile phone subscribers in the UK. It also briefly defines mobile communications and key aspects of cellular systems.
Cellular networks operate using a cellular concept where coverage areas are divided into smaller geographical areas called cells. Each cell contains a base station that can communicate with mobile devices within its coverage area. As mobile users move between cells, calls are handed off between base stations to maintain coverage. Early cellular networks supported only voice calls while newer generations can also transmit data and enable features like texting, photos, and internet access. Cellular technology has advanced through multiple generations with higher data transmission capabilities.
Large proportions of households in Wakefield live on low incomes, and cannot keep warm at a reasonable cost.
Research by Wakefield Council has estimated that the
number of people living in fuel poverty had risen to 26.2% of the city’s population.
This investigation aims to discover the barriers to the
micro-generation of domestic solar energy in Wakefield. Additionally, solutions to these barriers will be uncovered and be used to form a proposal for the future installation of micro-generation in Wakefield.
The main findings of the research showed that research
participants performed passively towards the adoption of
solar micro-generation. This indicated that deployment through an existing energy supplier, or ESCo would have high prospects for acceptance. Research also identified a lack of information regarding solar technologies amongst
respondents, which can be addressed with a successful
marketing and advertising campaign directed towards the cost and potential returns to customers.
Networking: A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.Computer networking may be considered as a branch of any technical field. A network allows sharing of network and computing resources.
Network Nodes. Network topology, LAN MAN WAN, Network Packet, Communication Protocols,
digital telecommunications network . Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes.Wireless technologies, wired technologies,transmission media,packet-switched network.
The document discusses the evolution of cellular network generations from 1G to 5G. 1G introduced analog cellular networks with data speeds of 2.4 kbps. 2G brought digital networks like TDMA and CDMA with speeds up to 64 kbps. 3G enabled smartphones and multimedia with speeds from 384 kbps to 2 Mbps. 4G provided high-speed data access and video streaming using WiFi and WiMax. 5G aims to offer data rates over 1 Gbps for applications like virtual reality through technologies like OFDM and millimeter wave bands. Key objectives for 5G include high throughput, low latency, and supporting a massive number of connected devices.
3G is the third generation of wireless technologies that provides faster communication services including voice, fax, and internet with global roaming. It was introduced in the 1990s to support new applications like video streaming, downloads, and location services for both consumers and businesses. While 2G provided only analog voice, 3G supports multimedia data through higher bandwidth. Successful implementation of 3G requires standards, infrastructure from providers, compatible handsets, and services. Issues slowing 3G growth include high licensing fees, infrastructure costs, health concerns, and price of services. Overall, 3G will add value by making mobility fundamental to modern connectivity.
5G technology provides significantly faster internet speeds than previous generations, with speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G LTE. 5G networks have much higher capacity to connect more devices simultaneously without slowing down. They also have extremely low latency of 1ms, making 5G suitable for applications like online gaming and telemedicine. Some key benefits of 5G include speeds over 10Gbps, 100 times more capacity than 4G, and supporting uses like high-resolution media, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things.
A mobile phone is a portable device that allows users to make telephone calls wirelessly using a radio link while on the move. It connects to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator to access the public telephone network. The first mobile phone call was demonstrated in 1973 and the first commercial mobile phone was released in 1983. Mobile phone ownership has grown exponentially, reaching over 6 billion subscriptions globally and 87% of the world population by 2011.
It is very important presentation related to 4G Wireless Technology.It is in very simple and lucid language and easy to present over the audiences.It is also very easy in making this presentation using microsoft office powerpoint 2010 software.I think this presentation will be understood and used by all school level and college level students.Comment your views on this presentation to me.Thank you!!!
3G stands for third generation wireless technology that provides high-speed internet access on mobile phones. It allows users to browse the web, transfer data at high speeds, and enhances mobility. Some key features of 3G include supporting phone calls and faxes directly on mobile phones, high-speed packet access, using location services and maps on phones, and watching TV on mobile devices through high data transfer rates. 3G networks began launching worldwide in the early 2000s and provide improved security over previous 2G networks as well as new multimedia services.
Generation of mobile phone durano jeffrey aJEFFREYDURANO2
The document summarizes the five generations of mobile phone technology:
1) 1G referred to the first analog wireless networks from 1979-1980s.
2) 2G introduced digital networks in 1991, enabling text messages and MMS.
3) 3G provided faster internet speeds from 1998 onward for smartphones.
4) 4G provided mobile broadband for laptops and high-definition services from 2008.
5) 5G is currently under development to support high data and connection volumes with low latency.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key features and limitations of each generation including increased data speeds, capabilities, and applications from 1G analog systems to today's 5G networks which enable multi-Gbps speeds and support for emerging technologies like AI. Overall, the document traces how wireless technology has advanced to support more complex uses and provide faster, more reliable mobile connectivity over multiple generations.
1. Mobile generations progressed from 0G analog radio telephones through 1G analog cellular networks, 2G digital cellular networks introducing SMS, 3G bringing higher speeds and data services like mobile internet, and 4G offering broadband speeds.
2. Key aspects of each generation include 1G offering the first cellular networks but with slow speeds and limited coverage, 2G going digital and introducing SMS, 3G bringing speeds up to 2Mbps and supporting new applications like video calls, and 4G aiming to provide speeds over 100Mbps for mobile internet services.
3. Future generations like 5G are envisioned to offer much higher speeds and more capabilities by fully integrating mobile and internet technologies to provide a true wireless world.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology, comparing the first through fifth generations of wireless technology. It discusses the expected speeds and capacities of 5G networks, as well as countries leading in 5G adoption such as South Korea, Sweden, and China. The document outlines several benefits of 5G including high speeds of over 10Gbps, low latency of 1ms, and the ability to support applications in fields such as education, healthcare and disaster response. Potential disadvantages include it being an emerging technology with security and privacy concerns.
In this knowledgebase article we will focus on the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology along with their significance and advantages of one over the other. In the past few decades, mobile wireless technologies have experience 4 or 5 generations of technology revolution and evolution, namely from 0G to 4G. Current research in mobile wireless technology concentrates on advance implementation of 4G technology and 5G technology. Currently 5G termis not officially used.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies from 0G to 4G. It discusses the characteristics of each generation including available services, data speeds, and technologies used. The major mobile operators in Egypt are also mentioned.
This document discusses the history and evolution of cell phone system technologies. It covers CDMA and GSM standards, comparing CDMA vs GSM, and the four generations of mobile phones - 0G to 4G. Key points include that CDMA uses spread spectrum techniques allowing more subscribers, GSM is the most widely used standard, and each generation brought digital transmission, internet access, and higher data speeds.
This document summarizes the evolution of cellular phone system technology from 0G to 4G over several generations: 0G systems in the 1950s used large analog phones that required connection to a base station; 1G began in 1978 and brought analog cellular networks; 2G digital networks in the 1990s enabled text messaging and greater mobility; 3G networks launched in 2001 provided faster data rates for streaming media; and 4G networks from 2009 offer data rates of 100Mbps for HD content delivery on smaller mobile devices.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key features of each generation including 1G which enabled analog voice calls, 2G which provided text messaging, and 3G which allowed faster data speeds and smart phones. 5G is presented as the next major phase, promising speeds up to 10Gbps, lower latency, and the ability to connect many more devices simultaneously. Both advantages like high connectivity and disadvantages like high infrastructure costs are noted.
5G is the fifth generation of cellular networks that is expected to be one of the fastest wireless technologies. It evolved from 1G to 5G networks, with each generation offering higher speeds and more capabilities than the last. 5G will offer speeds up to 1 Gbps, making downloads almost instantaneous, and will have a major impact on how people work and play. It will incorporate unified IP and software defined radio across wireless networks and provide high quality service, virtual private networks, and dynamic information access on a global scale.
The presentation describes about the evolution in mobile technology from 0G to 1G to 2G to 3G and finally 4G. This presentation gives you a detail idea how mobile technology evolution is changing our daily life. For more info please write to me at mailtoparteek@gmail.com
This document provides an overview of mobile communication systems and related topics. It includes sections on frequency bands used, mobile services, the history and evolution of mobile communication systems from 1st to 3rd generation, technologies like MMS, GPRS and Bluetooth, mobile computing applications, and the growth of mobile phone subscribers in the UK. It also briefly defines mobile communications and key aspects of cellular systems.
Cellular networks operate using a cellular concept where coverage areas are divided into smaller geographical areas called cells. Each cell contains a base station that can communicate with mobile devices within its coverage area. As mobile users move between cells, calls are handed off between base stations to maintain coverage. Early cellular networks supported only voice calls while newer generations can also transmit data and enable features like texting, photos, and internet access. Cellular technology has advanced through multiple generations with higher data transmission capabilities.
Large proportions of households in Wakefield live on low incomes, and cannot keep warm at a reasonable cost.
Research by Wakefield Council has estimated that the
number of people living in fuel poverty had risen to 26.2% of the city’s population.
This investigation aims to discover the barriers to the
micro-generation of domestic solar energy in Wakefield. Additionally, solutions to these barriers will be uncovered and be used to form a proposal for the future installation of micro-generation in Wakefield.
The main findings of the research showed that research
participants performed passively towards the adoption of
solar micro-generation. This indicated that deployment through an existing energy supplier, or ESCo would have high prospects for acceptance. Research also identified a lack of information regarding solar technologies amongst
respondents, which can be addressed with a successful
marketing and advertising campaign directed towards the cost and potential returns to customers.
The document describes a 4-bit comparator with a 6-bit output. It specifies that the comparator will compare two 4-bit inputs and output a 6-bit value indicating equal, not equal, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to. It then provides the architecture and design of the comparator using minimum hardware, including truth tables, RTL schematic, gate-level schematic, and transistor-level schematic.
This document investigates barriers to and prospects for domestic solar micro-generation in Wakefield, UK. It aims to discover barriers to adopting solar micro-generation for domestic use in Wakefield and propose solutions. The author conducted a survey using a conjoint analysis method to understand residents' perspectives on solar technology. The research found residents were passive about adopting solar micro-generation, indicating deployment through an existing energy supplier would be well received. It also identified a lack of information about solar technologies among respondents that could be addressed through marketing. However, the success of proposed solutions relies on Wakefield Council prioritizing solar development through policy and fiscal commitments.
”Nog altijd onderschatten we het gevaar van de islam”Denkoefening Be
Hij noemt zichzelf nog steeds een linkse denker, ook al klinkt hij rechts als hij over de islam spreekt. “Zelfs nu blijven we het gevaar nog onderschatten. Nog altijd hoor ik mijn linkse vrienden ontkennen dat de islam de belangrijkste voedingsbodem is voor terreur. Komaan, cut the crap.” Omdat niet elke Gentse filosoof Etienne Vermeersch (82) heet: zijn intellectuele kleinzoon Maarten Boudry (31) over de rol van religie in Nice en Turkije. “Schaf de godsdienstvrijheid af.”
This document provides an overview of constructivism as an educational theory. It discusses key aspects of constructivism, including that knowledge is constructed from experience rather than innate, and that learning involves developing understanding through performance rather than acquiring objective truths. The document also discusses related concepts like constructionism, social constructivism, cognitive apprenticeship models of learning, and comparisons to objectivism as an alternative view of knowledge acquisition. Constructivism posits that knowledge is individually and socially constructed rather than objectively determined, and that teaching should focus on enabling student understanding through experience rather than transmitting facts.
The document discusses issues with household water usage such as leakage from taps and not using rain water harvesting as well as improper drainage. It suggests solutions like rain water harvesting, dry toilets, and proper drainage to address these issues. The document was presented by Hassan and Niresh, students of 1st year B.Sc Computer Science 'A'.
This document presents two Android development projects - a personal text translation app for language learning that translates words and phrases in context and suggests related words, and two team projects: a Tetris game that can be divided into XML views, Java code, and parts like Main, Game, and Score, and a horse racing game already in C# that will be analyzed, divided, and coded in steps.
The document outlines the current and proposed updated work flows for a dictionary app. The current workflow involves 6 steps: 1) selecting a dictionary, 2) tapping the search bar, 3) inputting a word, 4) outputting the result, 5) tapping the search bar again and deleting the former word or tapping the x button, and 6) inputting the word again. The proposed updated workflow aims to improve the user experience by 1) waiting for the user's input, 2) adding individual search buttons, and 3) outputting the result and waiting for the next input without requiring deleting or re-entering the search term.
This document summarizes the evolution of mobile communication technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides an overview of each generation including key features and technologies. 1G introduced the first wireless telephone networks in the 1980s allowing for voice calls with poor quality. 2G launched in 1991 and used digital signals, enabling text messages and multimedia. 3G began in 2006 and increased speeds up to 2 Mbps for web and media. 4G started in 2011 and reached speeds from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps for video calling and customized services. 5G is expected to provide even faster wireless communication with almost no limitations to support interactive multimedia applications.
The document provides an overview of wireless network generations from 0G to 4G. It discusses the key technologies and improvements of each generation including 0G (analog mobile radio), 1G (first generation of cellular networks), 2G (digital networks like GSM), 2.5G (GPRS), 3G (added data capabilities), and 4G (high-speed mobile internet). The 4G section describes technologies like OFDMA and MIMO that enable higher speeds and bandwidth. Applications of 4G include mobile broadband internet access, video calling, mobile TV, and cloud services.
6G mobile technology will provide wireless connectivity without limitations at incredible transmission speeds in the terabit range. It will allow for zero-distance connectivity between people and utilize technologies like WCDMA multiplexing, UWB radio, and LTE. 6G networks will offer advantages like ultra-secure and fast data streaming for gaming and mobile TV. However, fully realizing 6G will require developments like smart antennas and high-capacity fiber optic networks.
In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless system includes different generations of wireless technology - 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
1) 1G cellular networks from 1980s used analog FM signals for voice calls only at speeds up to 2.4 kbps. 2) 2G digital networks from 1991 included GSM and supported text/picture messages at speeds up to 64 kbps. 3) 3G introduced in 2000s enabled multimedia and mobile internet using IMT-2000 standards at speeds from 144 kbps to 2 Mbps. 4) 4G starting in 2010s provides LTE for voice, data and streaming at speeds from 50-100 Mbps for anytime, anywhere use.
The document summarizes the evolution of mobile networks across five generations from 1G to 5G. 1G introduced analog cellular technology in the 1980s, while 2G brought digital networks and SMS. 2.5G and 3G provided improved data speeds up to 28 Mbps. 4G networks such as LTE use OFDMA and provide speeds up to 1 Gbps. 5G is the emerging generation that targets peak speeds of almost 1 Gbps for stationary devices and 100 Mbps for mobile. Each generation brought major technical advancements and higher speeds for improved user experiences.
Evolution of the generations of mobile Communication system.Musfiqur Rahman
The document outlines the evolution of mobile communication systems from 0G to 4G. It discusses the key technologies and concepts behind each generation including:
- 0G systems used analog radio telephones in cars and early mobile telephone systems.
- 1G systems launched the first commercial cellular networks using analog technology like AMPS.
- 2G introduced digital networks and SMS, using technologies like GSM.
- 3G brought faster data speeds up to 2Mbps using WCDMA, and new applications like video calling and mobile internet.
- 4G aims to provide ultra-broadband speeds from 100Mbps to 1Gbps using LTE and WiMax, competing with home internet speeds
mobele communication presentation made by zannat e noor from pabna university of science and technology,It is consists of the history,key features and limitations of one g ,two g and three g.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication standards from 1G to 3G. 1G devices only supported voice calls, while 2G introduced data communication in addition to voice. 3G devices enable even higher data rates, supporting voice, data, and multimedia streams at rates up to 2Mbps for short distances and 384Kbps for long distances, allowing transfer of video clips and faster multimedia. Popular standards discussed include GSM, CDMA, GPRS, and EDGE, which facilitated the transition to higher data capabilities over time.
LECTURE 1-Introduction to mobile communication systems.pptxAOmaAli
This lecture provides an introduction to mobile communication systems. It discusses aspects of mobility including user mobility and device portability. It then covers the evolution of cellular systems from 1G to 5G technologies. 1G allowed analog voice calls within one country, while 2G introduced digital networks and services like texting. 2.5G added data capabilities, and 3G brought higher speeds and mobile broadband. 4G and 5G continue to increase speeds and capabilities to support new applications and an increasing number of connected devices.
Mobile wireless technology has progressed through several generations from 0G to 4G, with 5G currently being implemented. Early mobile radio telephone systems (0G) preceded 1G networks in the 1970s, which allowed for analog mobile communication. 2G digital networks replaced 1G analog networks in the 1990s, introducing features like text messaging. 3G and 4G networks further increased data speeds and capabilities for multimedia and internet use on mobile devices.
The document traces the evolution of cellphones from their early development in the 1950s to the present day. It discusses the progression from 1G analog networks to 2G digital networks to 3G and 4G networks utilizing increasing digital technologies and data capabilities. The document also outlines the impact of cellphones on society through their use in commerce, social connections, media, and both benefits and restrictions to health and privacy.
3G is the third generation of wireless technologies that provides faster communications including voice, fax, and internet with seamless global roaming. It was introduced in the 1990s and first implemented in Japan, providing data transfer rates from 144Kb/sec to 2Mb/sec. 3G enables benefits like higher call volumes, faster data transfer, free international calls, location services, and connectivity for mobile workers and emergency services. However, issues like high spectrum fees, infrastructure costs, health concerns, and high service prices have hampered its growth. 3G is expected to become integral to modern communication and continue developing in the near future.
This document summarizes different wireless communication technologies including 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WiFi, LiFi, and classifications of mobile radio transmission. It provides details on the features, speeds, and drawbacks of each generation of cellular networks. 1G allowed analog voice calls at speeds up to 2.4 kbps. 2G introduced digital networks and SMS at speeds up to 64 kbps. 2.5G added GPRS for basic data. 3G enabled mobile broadband up to 2 Mbps for apps and media. 4G networks like LTE provide speeds over 100 Mbps for mobile internet. Bluetooth and WiFi are short-range wireless standards, while Li
This document discusses the evolution of mobile network technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides an overview of each generation including key features such as speed increases over time. 5G is described as aiming to provide very high bandwidth, low latency connectivity for a vast number of devices. Example applications and advantages of 5G are given such as enabling new wireless services and connecting many devices simultaneously. The future scope of 5G is predicted to include integration with artificial intelligence and new types of wearable devices.
1) 5G technology is the next generation of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services, with speeds up to 25 Mbps and support for virtual private networks.
2) 5G aims to provide complete wireless communication with almost no limitations, supporting applications like interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, and the internet anywhere, anytime.
3) Key benefits of 5G include high speeds of up to 1 Gbps for large data broadcasting, multi-media access like high definition TV programs, and more effective and attractive services overall compared to previous generations of wireless technology.
The document provides an overview of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G cellular networks. It discusses the key characteristics of each generation including their speeds, capabilities, and examples of specific technologies used. 1G networks were the earliest analog cellular systems allowing voice calls. 2G introduced digital networks and basic data services. 3G brought higher speeds and the ability to support more advanced mobile internet applications. The document traces the evolution of wireless towards greater speeds and functionality over successive generations.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
4 g technology
1.
2.
3. INTRODUCTION
• History of communication technology.
• 4G Devices.
• Advantages of the 4G communication.
• Disadvantages of the 4G communication.
• Future of communication technology (5G).
4. 1ST GENERATION OF COMMUNICATION
• Analogue
telecommunication
standard
• 150 Mhz and above
• Used in Nordic countries
such as northern Europe
and northern atlantic
5. 2ND GENERATION OF COMMUNICATION
• GSM standard ( global system
for mobile communication)
• Founded in Finland by
Radiolinja
• 2G introduced SMS, Cellular
mobile.
• 2.5G which is also called as
Edge technology.
• It provides internet to the
Cellular mobile.
6. 3RD GENERATION OF COMMUNICATION
• 3G introduced in 1998.
• 3G introduced high speed
internet connection.
• Information speed transfer
rate from 200k/bits.
• It provided internet TV,
video calls from mobile,
Fixed wireless
internet(internet dongle).
7. 4TH GENERATION OF COMMUNICATION
•Introduced in 2008 by sprint in
United states of America.
•It is called as LTE (long term
evolution)
•The connectivity speed is
approximately 1G/bits.
10. ADVANTAGES OF 4G
• High speed, high capacity,
and low cost per bit .
• IP based mobile system .
• Support for interactive
multimedia, voice, streaming
video, Internet, and other
broadband services.
• Better spectral efficiency.
11. DISADVANTAGES OF 4G
• Expensive
• Need of complicated
hardware
• Not compatible
• Not available in many
countries.
• Need of Expensive
device