The document outlines key events in U.S. and Canadian history, starting from the late 1400s with Native American tribes and European colonization. It highlights significant milestones such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, and major world conflicts including WWI and WWII, alongside cultural influences from French and British heritage in Canada. Additionally, it touches on important developments like the U.S. Constitution, expansion, industrialization, and the impact of terrorism in the 21st century.

1. North America
Chapter 3-2: U.S. & Canadian History

2. BELLRINGER
• Share a historical event from U.S. history that
you remember with at least three other
people in your class.
• Brainstorm together: Can you remember the
date that event occurred on?

3. Exploration & Colonization
• In the late 1400s, the only inhabitants of North
America were the many Native American tribes
who lived here.
• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain
and reached the Caribbean
– Many Native American populations killed by European
diseases, such as smallpox
• In the 1500s, European countries began to
colonize, or settle, the new world
• Spain in Florida, Sweden in Delaware, France in Canada, British
in Virginia and Massachusetts
• British colonies began importing thousands of
African slaves for large southern plantations

4. Settling Quebec
• In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier
claimed parts of Canada and opened a fur trade
• New France was settled in part by voyageurs, or
explorers, and missionaries, who were sent by
the Roman Catholic Church to share Christianity
• In 1754, war broke out between the English and
French and in 1760 Britain gained control
• Because of its history, Canada has both French
and English cultural influences

5. Revolution and Independence
• In the 1760s, American colonists protested
against British taxes. The most famous protest
was the Boston Tea Party in 1773
• In 1776, the colonists declared their
independence by signing the Declaration of
Independence.
– Support from the French helped the colonists win
• In 1783, the colonists won the Revolutionary
War and became an independent nation.
• This inspired nations all over the world!

6. U.S. Constitution
• The first government of the U.S. was called
the Articles of Confederation
• In 1789, U.S. leaders met to write the U.S.
constitution, a new form of government
• It divided the federal government into three
branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
• The Constitution is changeable; states can
pass amendments, or formal changes
• The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments

7. Expansion and Industrialization
• In 1803, Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the
U.S. with the Louisiana Purchase
• The expectation that the U.S. would eventually
reach the Pacific was known as Manifest Destiny
• In the 1840s, pioneers, or settlers of new land,
began to spread across the continent
– Santa Fe, Oregon, and Mormon Trails
• Their expansion led to the forced removal of
Native Americans from their land
– The Cherokee were forced to walk 116 days on the
Trail of Tears from the South to Oklahoma

8. Expansion and Industrialization
• Industrialization, or the shift to large-scale
production, continued through the 1800s
– First textile plant in Lowell, MA
• In 1825, the Erie Canal was built to provide a
route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic
• In 1869, the transcontinental railroad crossed
the entire continent

9. Civil War and Reconstruction
• As the U.S. grew, so did slavery in the South
• Abolition, or the movement for ending slavery,
was growing popular in the North
• In 1860, 11 Southern states seceded, or formally
withdrew, from the United States to form a new
country known as the Confederacy
• The North went to war to reunite the Union,
starting a civil war, or a war between opposing
citizens in the same country

10. Civil War and Reconstruction, cont.
• In 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the
Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves
• He also delivered the Gettysburg Address
• The Union won, and the Confederacy
surrendered in 1865
• After the Civil War, a program called
Reconstruction forced the Southern states to
recognize the new freedoms of former slaves
• In 1877, however, Reconstruction ended, and
African-Americans soon lost their rights again

11. World Conflict
• World War I broke out in 1914
• Russia, France, and Britain vs. Germany
• The U.S. had economic alliances, or partnerships,
with Great Britain and France
• The U.S. maintained its neutrality, or refusal to
take sides, and worked for peace
• In 1917, when Germans sank a ship carry U.S.
citizens, we joined the war against Germany
• WWI ended in 1918, and many Germans thought
the terms of the peace treaty were unfair

12. World Conflict, cont.
• In the 1920s, the U.S. had a period of wealth, but
in 1929, the Stock Market crashed
• The 1930s were a period of poverty known as the
Great Depression
• In 1933, Adolf Hitler became dictator of
Germany, and in 1939, he started WWII by
invading the nation of Poland
• The U.S. joined the war when the Japanese
attacked Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in
Hawaii, on December 7, 1941
• WWII ended in Europe in May 1945 when
Germany surrendered

13. World Conflict, cont.
• In September 1945, Japan surrendered after the U.S.
two dropped atomic bombs on them
• One consequence of WWII was the Holocaust, Hitler’s
organized murder of Jews and others
– Almost 6 million killed
• After WWII, the U.S. and the Soviet Union became
enemies and spent forty years in the Cold War, a long
period of tension without fighting
– Capitalism and freedom vs. communism
• In the 21st century terrorism, or violence to achieve
political results, has become more common
– September 11, 2001 attacks ended with the death of
Osama Bin Laden in 2011 History of America in 8 Minutes (8:03)

14. ANY QUESTIONS?