Designing low cost and high speed authentication
solution for digital images is always an attractive area of
research in image processing. In past few years because of
widespread use of internet and network technology, concept
of information distribution has been become habit rather than
exception in daily life. In same aspects challenges involved
with distribution of authenticate information has been
increased manifolds. In this paper a generalize image
authentication method has proposed by hybridization of color
histogram and associated first four statistical moments to
achieve the objectives of low cost and high speed. Proposed
method can apply for both gray and color images having any
size and any format. Solution generates a very small
authentication code with an ease means which is use to analyze
the characteristics of received image from tampering
perspective.
Comparative Study on Watermarking & Image Encryption for Secure CommunicationIJTET Journal
Over the past decades, research in security has concentrated on the development of algorithms and protocols for authentication, encryption and integrity of data. Despite tremendous advances, several security problems still afflict system’s. In this android app watermarking and encryption is being applied on images and data. Because of the human visual system’s low sensitivity to small changes and the high flexibility of digital media, anyone can easily make small changes in digital data with low perceptibility. Here watermarking and encryption are being performed in wavelet domain. Here in watermarking, the coefficients of watermarks are being embedded with the coefficients of the original image. Encryption is being done in wavelet domain so that the probability of an intruder trying to access the contents is very much minimized. Thus, this model provides a high level of security.
In wireless communications sensitive data is frequently changed, requiring remote authentication. Remote authentication involves the submission of encrypted data, along with visual and audio cues (facial images/videos, human voice etc.). Nonetheless, malicious program and different attacks will cause serious issues, particularly in cases of remote examinations or interviewing. This paper proposes a sturdy authentication mechanism supported semantic segmentation, chaotic cryptography and knowledge concealment. Assuming that user X needs to be remotely documented, initially X’s video object (VO) is mechanically segmental, employing a head and-body detector. Next, one amongst X’s biometric signals is encrypted by a chaotic cipher. Subsequently the encrypted signal is inserted to the most vital riffle coefficients of the VO, victimization its Qualified Significant riffle Trees (QSWTs). QSWTs give invisibility and vital resistance against loss transmission and compression, conditions that area unit typical in wireless networks. Finally, the Inverse distinct riffle rework (IDWT) is applied to supply the stegno-object (SO). Experimental results, regarding: (a) security deserves of the planned cryptography theme, (b) strength to stegno-analytic attacks, to numerous transmission losses and JPEG compression ratios and (c) information measure potency measures, indicate the promising performance of the planned biometrics-based authentication theme.
Ijri ece-01-01 joint data hiding and compression based on saliency and smvqIjripublishers Ijri
Global interconnect planning becomes a challenge as semiconductor technology continuously scales. Because of the increasing wire resistance and higher capacitive coupling in smaller features, the delay of global interconnects becomes large compared with the delay of a logic gate, introducing a huge performance gap that needs to be resolved A novel equalized global link architecture and driver– receiver co design flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights.
Compared with the separate driver–receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed.
Unified Approach With Neural Network for Authentication, Security and Compres...CSCJournals
The Present demands of scientific and social life forced image processing based applications to have a tremendous growth. This growth at the same time has given numbers of challenges to researcher to meet the desired objectives of either users or from solution perspectives. Among the various challenges, the most dominating areas are: reduction in required memory spaces for storage or taken transmission time from one location to other, protection of image contents to maintain the privacy and to facilitate the mechanism to identify the malicious modification if there is any either in storage or in transmission channel. Even though there are number of methods proposed by various researchers and are existed as solutions, questions are remain open in terms of quality, cost and complexity. In this paper we have proposed the concept based on neural network to achieve the quality of compression, protection and authentication all together using the ability of universal approximation by learning, one way property and one to one mapping characteristics correspondingly. With the proposed methods not only we can authenticate the image but also positions of malicious activity given in the image can be located with high precision. Proposed methods are very efficient in performance as well as carry the features of simplicity and cost effectiveness.
Security remains to be an important aspect in the current age that is characterized with heavy internet usage. People as well as organizations are moving away from ancient authentication schemes like passwords to biometric authentication schemes as they provide better confidentiality and integrity of authentication information. Although biometrics are unique to an individual, they are still susceptible to attacks thus the need to secure them. Several techniques such as encryption, steganography, have been proposed with aim of achieving the security need brought about their use. This paper reviewed some proposed models for biometric template security and their limitation as well as provide recommendation to address some of the limitations outlined.
Comparative Study on Watermarking & Image Encryption for Secure CommunicationIJTET Journal
Over the past decades, research in security has concentrated on the development of algorithms and protocols for authentication, encryption and integrity of data. Despite tremendous advances, several security problems still afflict system’s. In this android app watermarking and encryption is being applied on images and data. Because of the human visual system’s low sensitivity to small changes and the high flexibility of digital media, anyone can easily make small changes in digital data with low perceptibility. Here watermarking and encryption are being performed in wavelet domain. Here in watermarking, the coefficients of watermarks are being embedded with the coefficients of the original image. Encryption is being done in wavelet domain so that the probability of an intruder trying to access the contents is very much minimized. Thus, this model provides a high level of security.
In wireless communications sensitive data is frequently changed, requiring remote authentication. Remote authentication involves the submission of encrypted data, along with visual and audio cues (facial images/videos, human voice etc.). Nonetheless, malicious program and different attacks will cause serious issues, particularly in cases of remote examinations or interviewing. This paper proposes a sturdy authentication mechanism supported semantic segmentation, chaotic cryptography and knowledge concealment. Assuming that user X needs to be remotely documented, initially X’s video object (VO) is mechanically segmental, employing a head and-body detector. Next, one amongst X’s biometric signals is encrypted by a chaotic cipher. Subsequently the encrypted signal is inserted to the most vital riffle coefficients of the VO, victimization its Qualified Significant riffle Trees (QSWTs). QSWTs give invisibility and vital resistance against loss transmission and compression, conditions that area unit typical in wireless networks. Finally, the Inverse distinct riffle rework (IDWT) is applied to supply the stegno-object (SO). Experimental results, regarding: (a) security deserves of the planned cryptography theme, (b) strength to stegno-analytic attacks, to numerous transmission losses and JPEG compression ratios and (c) information measure potency measures, indicate the promising performance of the planned biometrics-based authentication theme.
Ijri ece-01-01 joint data hiding and compression based on saliency and smvqIjripublishers Ijri
Global interconnect planning becomes a challenge as semiconductor technology continuously scales. Because of the increasing wire resistance and higher capacitive coupling in smaller features, the delay of global interconnects becomes large compared with the delay of a logic gate, introducing a huge performance gap that needs to be resolved A novel equalized global link architecture and driver– receiver co design flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights.
Compared with the separate driver–receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed.
Unified Approach With Neural Network for Authentication, Security and Compres...CSCJournals
The Present demands of scientific and social life forced image processing based applications to have a tremendous growth. This growth at the same time has given numbers of challenges to researcher to meet the desired objectives of either users or from solution perspectives. Among the various challenges, the most dominating areas are: reduction in required memory spaces for storage or taken transmission time from one location to other, protection of image contents to maintain the privacy and to facilitate the mechanism to identify the malicious modification if there is any either in storage or in transmission channel. Even though there are number of methods proposed by various researchers and are existed as solutions, questions are remain open in terms of quality, cost and complexity. In this paper we have proposed the concept based on neural network to achieve the quality of compression, protection and authentication all together using the ability of universal approximation by learning, one way property and one to one mapping characteristics correspondingly. With the proposed methods not only we can authenticate the image but also positions of malicious activity given in the image can be located with high precision. Proposed methods are very efficient in performance as well as carry the features of simplicity and cost effectiveness.
Security remains to be an important aspect in the current age that is characterized with heavy internet usage. People as well as organizations are moving away from ancient authentication schemes like passwords to biometric authentication schemes as they provide better confidentiality and integrity of authentication information. Although biometrics are unique to an individual, they are still susceptible to attacks thus the need to secure them. Several techniques such as encryption, steganography, have been proposed with aim of achieving the security need brought about their use. This paper reviewed some proposed models for biometric template security and their limitation as well as provide recommendation to address some of the limitations outlined.
AN EVALUATION OF FINGERPRINT SECURITY USING NONINVERTIBLE BIOHASHIJNSA Journal
Biometric analysis for identifying verification is becoming a widespread reality. It is a very challenging and tedious task to develop a biometric template protection scheme which is anonymous, revocable and noninvertible while maintaining decent performance. Cancellable biometrics is one of the best methods used to resolve this problem. In this paper, a new method called as BioHashing which follows the technique of cancellable biometrics in the fingerprint domain is proposed. This proposed method does not require the re-alignment of fingerprints as all the minutiae are translated into a pre-defined two dimensional space based on a reference minutia. After that, the proposed Biohashing method is used to enforce the one-way property (non-invertibility) of the biometric template. The proposed approach is very much resistant to minor translation error and rotation distortion. An Equal Error Rates (EER) of less than 1% is achieved in this approach and performance of the approach is also significant.
Using SVD and DWT Based Steganography to Enhance the Security of Watermarked ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a carrier file for the protection of ownership/copyright of digital media, whilst steganography is the art of hiding information. This paper presents, a hybrid steganographic watermarking algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transforms in order to enhance the security of digital fingerprint images. A facial watermark is embedded into fingerprint image using a method of singular value replacement. First, the DWT is used to decompose the fingerprint image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain and then the facial watermark is embedded in singular values (SV’s) obtained by application of SVD. In addition, the original fingerprint image is not required to extract the watermark. Experimental results provided demonstrate the methods robustness to image degradation and common signal processing attacks, such as histogram and filtering, noise addition, JPEG and JPEG2000 compression with various levels of quality.
Efficiency of LSB steganography on medical information IJECEIAES
The development of the medical field had led to the transformation of communication from paper information into the digital form. Medical information security had become a great concern as the medical field is moving towards the digital world and hence patient information, disease diagnosis and so on are all being stored in the digital image. Therefore, to improve the medical information security, securing of patient information and the increasing requirements for communication to be transferred between patients, client, medical practitioners, and sponsors is essential to be secured. The core aim of this research is to make available a complete knowledge about the research trends on LSB Steganography Technique, which are applied to securing medical information such as text, image, audio, video and graphics and also discuss the efficiency of the LSB technique. The survey findings show that LSB steganography technique is efficient in securing medical information from intruder.
An Efficient Fingerprint Identification using Neural Network and BAT Algorithm IJECEIAES
The uniqueness, firmness, public recognition, and its minimum risk of intrusion made fingerprint is an expansively used personal authentication metrics. Fingerprint technology is a biometric technique used to distinguish persons based on their physical traits. Fingerprint based authentication schemes are becoming increasingly common and usage of these in fingerprint security schemes, made an objective to the attackers. The repute of the fingerprint image controls the sturdiness of a fingerprint authentication system. We intend for an effective method for fingerprint classification with the help of soft computing methods. The proposed classification scheme is classified into three phases. The first phase is preprocessing in which the fingerprint images are enhanced by employing median filters. After noise removal histogram equalization is achieved for augmenting the images. The second stage is the feature Extraction phase in which numerous image features such as Area, SURF, holo entropy, and SIFT features are extracted. The final phase is classification using hybrid Neural for classification of fingerprint as fake or original. The neural network is unified with BAT algorithm for optimizing the weight factor.
A Novel Biometric Technique Benchmark Analysis For Selection Of Best Biometri...CSCJournals
A biometric security is a technique by means of which digital contents are protected by a cryptographic key generated from the biometric features of a person like Retina, Iris, Fingerprint, Face, Voice and so on. Normally the digital contents like documents are protected by a cryptographic key generated from a unique password. The process in irreversible, i.e the key can be generated from the password but not the vice versa. Passwords are relatively easy to hack as most of the users keep their personal information like date of birth as password and also password length has a limit as human beings cannot remember a password of significantly large length. Hence guessing the password of a user, whose significant information is available, is easier. Therefore off late lot of emphasis has been given to biometric features. Biometric features of no two people are same. For example the finger prints or the face of any two people differ. Hence if a template (alphanumeric or binary representation of features from a biometric data) is selected for the key generation than cracking them for accessing information becomes significantly difficult. But as with every advantage comes certain limitations also. The keys are not time invariant. Templates tends to change based on the data acquisition, or with time. For example the finger prints or palm prints changes with ages. Iris, retina and face features changes with change in light intensity during the acquisition phase. Fingerprint features changes with change in the orientation of the finger while scanning. In a classic authentication problem, such variability’s can be easily dealt with by keeping a threshold for the acceptance of the features. Such acceptance threshold is not applicable for the case of biometric templates. Even slightest of the variability in the templates changes the generated key, therefore causing a high false rejection rate. Hence in this work we analyze the most accepted biometric features and techniques for key generation and propose the most invariable technique in terms of data acquisition invariability. The work analyzes Iris, Face, Fingerprint and Palm prints for analysis of the biometric template generation and key generation form the templates. Further a unique benchmark analysis technique is proposed for quantifying the quality of a biometric model or features.
Advanced Fuzzy Logic Based Image Watermarking Technique for Medical ImagesIJARIIT
The segmentation algorithms vary for the types of medical images such as MRI, CT, US, etc.The current study work
can further be extended to develop a GUI tool based approach for separating the ROI. Additionally, a new technique of
separating ROI form the original image that will be applicable for all type of medical images can be evolved. Separated ROI
can be stored with xmin, xmax, ymin and ymax value so that at the end of embedding process before transmitting watermarked
image, the segmented ROI can be attached with watermarked image. Any medical image watermarking approach will be
suitable, if we segment the ROI from medical image with the four values, then embedding of watermark can be done on whole
medical image, in this paper work on different scan like ctscan ,brain scan etc. our results significant high than other.
A Secure & Optimized Data Hiding Technique Using DWT With PSNR ValueIJERA Editor
Multimedia applications are becoming increasingly significant in modern world. The mushroom growth of multimedia data of these applications, particularly over the web has increased the demand for protection of copyright. Digital watermarking is much more acceptable as a solution to the problem of copyright protection and authentication of multimedia data while working in a networked environment. In this paper, a DWT based watermarking scheme is proposed. We have used Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to make an optimum tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness by choosing an optimum watermarking level for each coefficient of the cover image. In addition to the suitable watermarking strength, the selection of best block size is also necessary for superior perceptual shaping functions. To achieve this goal we have trained and used GA to pick the best block size to tailor the watermark in one of the coefficients of the DWT. The fitness function criterion for the genetic algorithm decision making is based on PSNR values
Image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques IJECEIAES
In steganography, secret data are invisible in cover media, such as text, audio, video and image. Hence, attackers have no knowledge of the original message contained in the media or which algorithm is used to embed or extract such message. Image steganography is a branch of steganography in which secret data are hidden in host images. In this study, image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques is performed by applying 3D chaotic maps, namely, 3D Chebyshev and 3D logistic maps, to obtain high security. This technique is based on the concept of performing random insertion and selecting a pixel from a host image. The proposed algorithm is comprehensively evaluated on the basis of different criteria, such as correlation coefficient, information entropy, homogeneity, contrast, image, histogram, key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image fidelity. Results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies all the aforementioned criteria and is superior to other previous methods. Hence, it is efficient in hiding secret data and preserving the good visual quality of stego images. The proposed algorithm is resistant to different attacks, such as differential and statistical attacks, and yields good results in terms of key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, MSE, PSNR and image fidelity.
An offline signature verification using pixels intensity levelsSalam Shah
Offline signature recognition has great importance in our day to day activities. Researchers are trying to use them as biometric identification in various areas like banks, security systems and for other identification purposes. Fingerprints, iris, thumb impression and face detection based biometrics are successfully used for identification of individuals because of their static nature. However, people’s signatures show variability that makes it difficult to recognize the original signatures correctly and to use them as biometrics. The handwritten signatures have importance in banks for cheque, credit card processing, legal and financial transactions, and the signatures are the main target of fraudulence. To deal with complex signatures, there should be a robust signature verification method in places such as banks that can correctly classify the signatures into genuine or forgery to avoid financial frauds. This paper, presents a pixels intensity level based offline signature verification model for the correct classification of signatures. To achieve the target, three statistical classifiers; Decision Tree (J48), probability based Naïve Bayes (NB tree) and Euclidean distance based k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), are used.
For comparison of the accuracy rates of offline signatures with online signatures, three classifiers were applied on online signature database and achieved a 99.90% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 99.82% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 98.11% with K-Nearest Neighbor (with 10 fold cross validation). The results of offline signatures were 64.97% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 76.16% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 91.91% with k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk) (without forgeries). The accuracy rate dropped with the inclusion of forgery signatures as, 55.63% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 67.02% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 88.12% (with forgeries).
Performance Evaluation of Password Authentication using Associative Neural Me...ijait
They are many ways of providing security to user resources. Password authentication is a very important system security procedure to secure user resources. In order to solve the problems with traditional password authentication several methods have been introduced to provide password authentication using Associative Memories like Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN),Hopfield Neural
Network(HPNN),Bidirectional Associative Memories(BAM),Brain-State-in-a Box(BSB). Later Password authentication has been provided using Context-Sensitive Associative Memory Method (CSAM). Here in this paper we proposed performance analysis of password authentication schemes using Associative memories and CSAM using graphical Images. We observe that in comparison to existing layered and associative neural network techniques for graphical images as password, the CSAM method provides better accuracy and quicker response time to registration and password changes.
A New Wavelet based Digital Watermarking Method for Authenticated Mobile SignalsCSCJournals
The mobile network security is becoming more important as the number of data being exchanged on the internet increases. The growing possibilities of modern mobile computing environment are potentially more vulnerable to attacks. As a result, confidentiality and data integrity becomes one of the most important problems facing Mobile IP (MIP). To address these issues, the present paper proposes a new Wavelet based watermarking scheme that hides the mobile signals and messages in the transmission. The proposed method uses the successive even and odd values of a neighborhood to insert the authenticated signals or digital watermark (DW). That is the digital watermark information is not inserted in the adjacent column and row position of a neighborhood. The proposed method resolves the ambiguity between successive even odd gray values using LSB method. This makes the present method as more simple but difficult to break, which is an essential parameter for any mobile signals and messages. To test the efficacy of the proposed DW method, various statistical measures are evaluated, which indicates high robustness, imperceptibility, un-ambiguity, confidentiality and integrity of the present method.
AN EFFECTIVE SEMANTIC ENCRYPTED RELATIONAL DATA USING K-NN MODELijsptm
Data exchange and data publishing are becoming an important part of business and academic practices.
Data owners need to maintain the rights over the datasets they share. A right-protection mechanism can be
provided for the ownership of shared data, without revealing its usage under a wide range of machine
learning and mining. In the approach provide two algorithms: the Nearest-Neighbors (NN) and determiner
preserves the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). The K-NN protocol guarantees that relations between object
remain unaltered. The algorithms preserve the both right protection and utility preservation. The rightprotection
scheme is based on watermarking. Watermarking methodology preserves the distance
relationships.
A Novel Visual Cryptographic Scheme Using Floyd Steinberg Half Toning and Block Replacement Algorithms Nisha Menon K – PG Scholar,
Minu Kuriakose – Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Communication,
Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, India
Two New Approaches for Secured Image Steganography Using Cryptographic Techni...sipij
The science of securing a data by encryption is Cryptography whereas the method of hiding secret messages in other messages is Steganography, so that the secret’s very existence is concealed. The term ‘Steganography’ describes the method of hiding cognitive content in another medium to avoid detection by the intruders. This paper introduces two new methods wherein cryptography and steganography are combined to encrypt the data as well as to hide the encrypted data in another medium so the fact that a message being sent is concealed. One of the methods shows how to secure the image by converting it into cipher text by S-DES algorithm using a secret key and conceal this text in another image by steganographic method. Another method shows a new way of hiding an image in another image by encrypting the image directly by S-DES algorithm using a key image and the data obtained is concealed in another image. The proposed method prevents the possibilities of steganalysis also.
Millions of active users all around the world are using online social network such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and
LinkedIn. Most of the social networks have weak user to user authentication method, which is based on some basic information like
name, images etc. These weaknesses make it easier to misuse user’s information and do identity cloning attack to form fake profile.
This paper presents a classification and analysis of a detection mechanisms of clone attacks on social network, based on attribute
similarity, friend network similarity, and profile analysis for a time interval and record of Internet Protocol sequences. In this project we
have proposed discrete wavelet transform algorithm for data hiding. For watermarking technique Java static watermarking systems and
algorithms is been used.
Biometric Template Protection With Robust Semi – Blind Watermarking Using Ima...CSCJournals
This paper addresses a biometric watermarking technology sturdy towards image manipulations, like JPEG compression, image filtering, and additive noise. Application scenarios include information transmission between client and server, maintaining e-database and management of signatures through insecure distribution channels. Steps involved in this work are, a) generation of binary signature code for biometric, b) embedding of the binary signature to the host image using intrinsic local property, that ensures signature protection, c) host image is then made exposed to various attacks and d) signature is extracted and matched based on an empirical threshold to verify the robustness of proposed embedding method. Embedding relies on binary signature manipulating the lower order AC coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transformed sub-blocks of host image. In the prediction phase, DC values of the nearest neighbor DCT blocks is utilized to predict the AC coefficients of centre block. Surrounding DC values of a DCT blocks are adaptively weighed for AC coefficients prediction. Linear programming is used to calculate the weights with respect to the image content. Multiple times embedding of watermark ensures robustness against common signal processing operations (filtering, enhancement, rescaling etc.) and various attacks. The proposed algorithm is tested for 50 different types of host images and public data collection, DB3, FVC2002. FAR and FRR are compared with other methods to show the improvement.
AN EVALUATION OF FINGERPRINT SECURITY USING NONINVERTIBLE BIOHASHIJNSA Journal
Biometric analysis for identifying verification is becoming a widespread reality. It is a very challenging and tedious task to develop a biometric template protection scheme which is anonymous, revocable and noninvertible while maintaining decent performance. Cancellable biometrics is one of the best methods used to resolve this problem. In this paper, a new method called as BioHashing which follows the technique of cancellable biometrics in the fingerprint domain is proposed. This proposed method does not require the re-alignment of fingerprints as all the minutiae are translated into a pre-defined two dimensional space based on a reference minutia. After that, the proposed Biohashing method is used to enforce the one-way property (non-invertibility) of the biometric template. The proposed approach is very much resistant to minor translation error and rotation distortion. An Equal Error Rates (EER) of less than 1% is achieved in this approach and performance of the approach is also significant.
Using SVD and DWT Based Steganography to Enhance the Security of Watermarked ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a carrier file for the protection of ownership/copyright of digital media, whilst steganography is the art of hiding information. This paper presents, a hybrid steganographic watermarking algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transforms in order to enhance the security of digital fingerprint images. A facial watermark is embedded into fingerprint image using a method of singular value replacement. First, the DWT is used to decompose the fingerprint image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain and then the facial watermark is embedded in singular values (SV’s) obtained by application of SVD. In addition, the original fingerprint image is not required to extract the watermark. Experimental results provided demonstrate the methods robustness to image degradation and common signal processing attacks, such as histogram and filtering, noise addition, JPEG and JPEG2000 compression with various levels of quality.
Efficiency of LSB steganography on medical information IJECEIAES
The development of the medical field had led to the transformation of communication from paper information into the digital form. Medical information security had become a great concern as the medical field is moving towards the digital world and hence patient information, disease diagnosis and so on are all being stored in the digital image. Therefore, to improve the medical information security, securing of patient information and the increasing requirements for communication to be transferred between patients, client, medical practitioners, and sponsors is essential to be secured. The core aim of this research is to make available a complete knowledge about the research trends on LSB Steganography Technique, which are applied to securing medical information such as text, image, audio, video and graphics and also discuss the efficiency of the LSB technique. The survey findings show that LSB steganography technique is efficient in securing medical information from intruder.
An Efficient Fingerprint Identification using Neural Network and BAT Algorithm IJECEIAES
The uniqueness, firmness, public recognition, and its minimum risk of intrusion made fingerprint is an expansively used personal authentication metrics. Fingerprint technology is a biometric technique used to distinguish persons based on their physical traits. Fingerprint based authentication schemes are becoming increasingly common and usage of these in fingerprint security schemes, made an objective to the attackers. The repute of the fingerprint image controls the sturdiness of a fingerprint authentication system. We intend for an effective method for fingerprint classification with the help of soft computing methods. The proposed classification scheme is classified into three phases. The first phase is preprocessing in which the fingerprint images are enhanced by employing median filters. After noise removal histogram equalization is achieved for augmenting the images. The second stage is the feature Extraction phase in which numerous image features such as Area, SURF, holo entropy, and SIFT features are extracted. The final phase is classification using hybrid Neural for classification of fingerprint as fake or original. The neural network is unified with BAT algorithm for optimizing the weight factor.
A Novel Biometric Technique Benchmark Analysis For Selection Of Best Biometri...CSCJournals
A biometric security is a technique by means of which digital contents are protected by a cryptographic key generated from the biometric features of a person like Retina, Iris, Fingerprint, Face, Voice and so on. Normally the digital contents like documents are protected by a cryptographic key generated from a unique password. The process in irreversible, i.e the key can be generated from the password but not the vice versa. Passwords are relatively easy to hack as most of the users keep their personal information like date of birth as password and also password length has a limit as human beings cannot remember a password of significantly large length. Hence guessing the password of a user, whose significant information is available, is easier. Therefore off late lot of emphasis has been given to biometric features. Biometric features of no two people are same. For example the finger prints or the face of any two people differ. Hence if a template (alphanumeric or binary representation of features from a biometric data) is selected for the key generation than cracking them for accessing information becomes significantly difficult. But as with every advantage comes certain limitations also. The keys are not time invariant. Templates tends to change based on the data acquisition, or with time. For example the finger prints or palm prints changes with ages. Iris, retina and face features changes with change in light intensity during the acquisition phase. Fingerprint features changes with change in the orientation of the finger while scanning. In a classic authentication problem, such variability’s can be easily dealt with by keeping a threshold for the acceptance of the features. Such acceptance threshold is not applicable for the case of biometric templates. Even slightest of the variability in the templates changes the generated key, therefore causing a high false rejection rate. Hence in this work we analyze the most accepted biometric features and techniques for key generation and propose the most invariable technique in terms of data acquisition invariability. The work analyzes Iris, Face, Fingerprint and Palm prints for analysis of the biometric template generation and key generation form the templates. Further a unique benchmark analysis technique is proposed for quantifying the quality of a biometric model or features.
Advanced Fuzzy Logic Based Image Watermarking Technique for Medical ImagesIJARIIT
The segmentation algorithms vary for the types of medical images such as MRI, CT, US, etc.The current study work
can further be extended to develop a GUI tool based approach for separating the ROI. Additionally, a new technique of
separating ROI form the original image that will be applicable for all type of medical images can be evolved. Separated ROI
can be stored with xmin, xmax, ymin and ymax value so that at the end of embedding process before transmitting watermarked
image, the segmented ROI can be attached with watermarked image. Any medical image watermarking approach will be
suitable, if we segment the ROI from medical image with the four values, then embedding of watermark can be done on whole
medical image, in this paper work on different scan like ctscan ,brain scan etc. our results significant high than other.
A Secure & Optimized Data Hiding Technique Using DWT With PSNR ValueIJERA Editor
Multimedia applications are becoming increasingly significant in modern world. The mushroom growth of multimedia data of these applications, particularly over the web has increased the demand for protection of copyright. Digital watermarking is much more acceptable as a solution to the problem of copyright protection and authentication of multimedia data while working in a networked environment. In this paper, a DWT based watermarking scheme is proposed. We have used Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to make an optimum tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness by choosing an optimum watermarking level for each coefficient of the cover image. In addition to the suitable watermarking strength, the selection of best block size is also necessary for superior perceptual shaping functions. To achieve this goal we have trained and used GA to pick the best block size to tailor the watermark in one of the coefficients of the DWT. The fitness function criterion for the genetic algorithm decision making is based on PSNR values
Image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques IJECEIAES
In steganography, secret data are invisible in cover media, such as text, audio, video and image. Hence, attackers have no knowledge of the original message contained in the media or which algorithm is used to embed or extract such message. Image steganography is a branch of steganography in which secret data are hidden in host images. In this study, image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques is performed by applying 3D chaotic maps, namely, 3D Chebyshev and 3D logistic maps, to obtain high security. This technique is based on the concept of performing random insertion and selecting a pixel from a host image. The proposed algorithm is comprehensively evaluated on the basis of different criteria, such as correlation coefficient, information entropy, homogeneity, contrast, image, histogram, key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image fidelity. Results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies all the aforementioned criteria and is superior to other previous methods. Hence, it is efficient in hiding secret data and preserving the good visual quality of stego images. The proposed algorithm is resistant to different attacks, such as differential and statistical attacks, and yields good results in terms of key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, MSE, PSNR and image fidelity.
An offline signature verification using pixels intensity levelsSalam Shah
Offline signature recognition has great importance in our day to day activities. Researchers are trying to use them as biometric identification in various areas like banks, security systems and for other identification purposes. Fingerprints, iris, thumb impression and face detection based biometrics are successfully used for identification of individuals because of their static nature. However, people’s signatures show variability that makes it difficult to recognize the original signatures correctly and to use them as biometrics. The handwritten signatures have importance in banks for cheque, credit card processing, legal and financial transactions, and the signatures are the main target of fraudulence. To deal with complex signatures, there should be a robust signature verification method in places such as banks that can correctly classify the signatures into genuine or forgery to avoid financial frauds. This paper, presents a pixels intensity level based offline signature verification model for the correct classification of signatures. To achieve the target, three statistical classifiers; Decision Tree (J48), probability based Naïve Bayes (NB tree) and Euclidean distance based k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), are used.
For comparison of the accuracy rates of offline signatures with online signatures, three classifiers were applied on online signature database and achieved a 99.90% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 99.82% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 98.11% with K-Nearest Neighbor (with 10 fold cross validation). The results of offline signatures were 64.97% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 76.16% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 91.91% with k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk) (without forgeries). The accuracy rate dropped with the inclusion of forgery signatures as, 55.63% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 67.02% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 88.12% (with forgeries).
Performance Evaluation of Password Authentication using Associative Neural Me...ijait
They are many ways of providing security to user resources. Password authentication is a very important system security procedure to secure user resources. In order to solve the problems with traditional password authentication several methods have been introduced to provide password authentication using Associative Memories like Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN),Hopfield Neural
Network(HPNN),Bidirectional Associative Memories(BAM),Brain-State-in-a Box(BSB). Later Password authentication has been provided using Context-Sensitive Associative Memory Method (CSAM). Here in this paper we proposed performance analysis of password authentication schemes using Associative memories and CSAM using graphical Images. We observe that in comparison to existing layered and associative neural network techniques for graphical images as password, the CSAM method provides better accuracy and quicker response time to registration and password changes.
A New Wavelet based Digital Watermarking Method for Authenticated Mobile SignalsCSCJournals
The mobile network security is becoming more important as the number of data being exchanged on the internet increases. The growing possibilities of modern mobile computing environment are potentially more vulnerable to attacks. As a result, confidentiality and data integrity becomes one of the most important problems facing Mobile IP (MIP). To address these issues, the present paper proposes a new Wavelet based watermarking scheme that hides the mobile signals and messages in the transmission. The proposed method uses the successive even and odd values of a neighborhood to insert the authenticated signals or digital watermark (DW). That is the digital watermark information is not inserted in the adjacent column and row position of a neighborhood. The proposed method resolves the ambiguity between successive even odd gray values using LSB method. This makes the present method as more simple but difficult to break, which is an essential parameter for any mobile signals and messages. To test the efficacy of the proposed DW method, various statistical measures are evaluated, which indicates high robustness, imperceptibility, un-ambiguity, confidentiality and integrity of the present method.
AN EFFECTIVE SEMANTIC ENCRYPTED RELATIONAL DATA USING K-NN MODELijsptm
Data exchange and data publishing are becoming an important part of business and academic practices.
Data owners need to maintain the rights over the datasets they share. A right-protection mechanism can be
provided for the ownership of shared data, without revealing its usage under a wide range of machine
learning and mining. In the approach provide two algorithms: the Nearest-Neighbors (NN) and determiner
preserves the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). The K-NN protocol guarantees that relations between object
remain unaltered. The algorithms preserve the both right protection and utility preservation. The rightprotection
scheme is based on watermarking. Watermarking methodology preserves the distance
relationships.
A Novel Visual Cryptographic Scheme Using Floyd Steinberg Half Toning and Block Replacement Algorithms Nisha Menon K – PG Scholar,
Minu Kuriakose – Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Communication,
Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Ernakulam, India
Two New Approaches for Secured Image Steganography Using Cryptographic Techni...sipij
The science of securing a data by encryption is Cryptography whereas the method of hiding secret messages in other messages is Steganography, so that the secret’s very existence is concealed. The term ‘Steganography’ describes the method of hiding cognitive content in another medium to avoid detection by the intruders. This paper introduces two new methods wherein cryptography and steganography are combined to encrypt the data as well as to hide the encrypted data in another medium so the fact that a message being sent is concealed. One of the methods shows how to secure the image by converting it into cipher text by S-DES algorithm using a secret key and conceal this text in another image by steganographic method. Another method shows a new way of hiding an image in another image by encrypting the image directly by S-DES algorithm using a key image and the data obtained is concealed in another image. The proposed method prevents the possibilities of steganalysis also.
Millions of active users all around the world are using online social network such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and
LinkedIn. Most of the social networks have weak user to user authentication method, which is based on some basic information like
name, images etc. These weaknesses make it easier to misuse user’s information and do identity cloning attack to form fake profile.
This paper presents a classification and analysis of a detection mechanisms of clone attacks on social network, based on attribute
similarity, friend network similarity, and profile analysis for a time interval and record of Internet Protocol sequences. In this project we
have proposed discrete wavelet transform algorithm for data hiding. For watermarking technique Java static watermarking systems and
algorithms is been used.
Biometric Template Protection With Robust Semi – Blind Watermarking Using Ima...CSCJournals
This paper addresses a biometric watermarking technology sturdy towards image manipulations, like JPEG compression, image filtering, and additive noise. Application scenarios include information transmission between client and server, maintaining e-database and management of signatures through insecure distribution channels. Steps involved in this work are, a) generation of binary signature code for biometric, b) embedding of the binary signature to the host image using intrinsic local property, that ensures signature protection, c) host image is then made exposed to various attacks and d) signature is extracted and matched based on an empirical threshold to verify the robustness of proposed embedding method. Embedding relies on binary signature manipulating the lower order AC coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transformed sub-blocks of host image. In the prediction phase, DC values of the nearest neighbor DCT blocks is utilized to predict the AC coefficients of centre block. Surrounding DC values of a DCT blocks are adaptively weighed for AC coefficients prediction. Linear programming is used to calculate the weights with respect to the image content. Multiple times embedding of watermark ensures robustness against common signal processing operations (filtering, enhancement, rescaling etc.) and various attacks. The proposed algorithm is tested for 50 different types of host images and public data collection, DB3, FVC2002. FAR and FRR are compared with other methods to show the improvement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Blockchain based security framework for sharing digital images using reversib...Christo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Denslin Brabin, Sriramulu Bojjagani, “Blockchain based security framework for sharing digital images using reversible data hiding and encryption”, Multimedia Tools and Applications, Springer US, Volume 81,Issue 6, March 2022,pp. 1-18.
Description:
Christo Ananth et al. emphasized that Security is an important issue in current and next-generation networks. Blockchain will be an appropriate technology for securely sharing information in next-generation networks. Digital images are the prime medium attacked by cyber attackers. In this paper, a blockchain based security framework is proposed for sharing digital images in a multi user environment. The proposed framework uses reversible data hiding and encryption as component techniques. A novel high capacity reversible data hiding scheme is also proposed to protect digital images. Reversible data hiding in combination with encryption protects the confidentiality, integrity and authentication of digital images. In the proposed technique, the digital image is compressed first to create room for data hiding, then the user signature is embedded; afterwards the whole image is encrypted. For compression, JPEG lossy compression is used to create high capacity. For encryption, any symmetric block cipher or stream cipher can be used. Experimental results show that the proposed blockchain based framework provides high security and the proposed reversible data hiding scheme provides high capacity and image quality.
For Image Authentication Problem using Encryption Technique and LDPC Source Coding is necessary in Content
Delivery via unsecure medium, Like Peer-To-Peer (P2P) File Sharing. These transferring Digital Files from one Computer to
another. Images are the Most Important Utility of our life. They are used in many applications. There are Two Main Goals of
Image Security: Image Encryption and Authentication. More different encoded versions of the original image available.In
addition, unsecure medium might tamper with the contents.. We propose an efficient, accurate, reliable process using
encryption and LDPC source coding for the image authentication problem. The key idea is to provide a Slepian-Wolf encoded
as authentication data which is encrypted using cryptography key before ready to send. The key used for encryption is usually
independent of the Plain-Image. This can be decoded with side information of an authentic image.
Enhancing Security of Multimodal Biometric Authentication System by Implement...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Conventional personal identification techniques for instance passwords, tokens, ID card and PIN
codes are prone to theft or forgery and thus biometrics isa solution thereto. Biometrics is the way of recognizing
and scrutinizing the physical traits of a person. Automated biometrics verification caters as a conducive and
legitimate method, but there must be an assurance to its cogency. Furthermore, in most of the cases unimodal
biometric recognition is not able to meet the performance requirements of the applications. According to recent
trends, recognition based on multimodal biometrics is emerging at a greater pace. Multimodal biometrics
unifies two or more biometric traits and thus the issues that emerge in unimodal recognition can be mitigated in
multimodal biometric systems. But with the rapid ontogenesis of information technology, even the biometric
data is not secure. Digital watermarking is one such technique that is implemented to secure the biometric data
from inadvertent or premeditated attacks.This paper propounds an approach that is projected in both the
directions of improving the performance of biometric identification system by going multimodal and, increasing
the security through watermarking. The biometric traits are initially transformed using Discrete Wavelet and
Discrete Cosine Transformation and then watermarked using Singular Value Decomposition. Scheme depiction
and presented outcomes justifies the effectiveness of the scheme.
Keywords: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Multimodal biometrics,
Singular Value Decomposition, Watermarking
An Architectural Approach of Data Hiding In Images Using Mobile Communicationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Hybrid Model of Watermarking Scheme for Color Image Authentication Using Di...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Modelling, Conception and Simulation of a Digital Watermarking System based o...sipij
The digital revolution has increased the production and exchange of high-value documents between institutions, businesses and the general public. In order to secure these exchanges, it is essential to
guarantee the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these documents. Digital watermarking is a possible solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking and video authentication. It also provides integrity protection, which is useful for many types of documents (official documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution applicable to images and based on the hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution is based on existing work in the field of digital watermarking.
Modelling, Conception and Simulation of a Digital Watermarking System based o...sipij
The digital revolution has increased the production and exchange of high-value documents between
institutions, businesses and the general public. In order to secure these exchanges, it is essential to
guarantee the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these documents. Digital watermarking is a possible
solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking and video
authentication. It also provides integrity protection, which is useful for many types of documents (official
documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution applicable to images
and based on the hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution is based on existing work in the field of digital
watermarking.
Modelling, Conception and Simulation of a Digital Watermarking System based o...sipij
The digital revolution has increased the production and exchange of high-value documents between
institutions, businesses and the general public. In order to secure these exchanges, it is essential to
guarantee the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these documents. Digital watermarking is a possible
solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking and video
authentication. It also provides integrity protection, which is useful for many types of documents (official
documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution applicable to images
and based on the hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution is based on existing work in the field of digital
watermarking.
Modelling, Conception and Simulation of a Digital Watermarking System based o...sipij
The digital revolution has increased the production and exchange of high-value documents between
institutions, businesses and the general public. In order to secure these exchanges, it is essential to
guarantee the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these documents. Digital watermarking is a possible
solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking and video
authentication. It also provides integrity protection, which is useful for many types of documents (official
documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution applicable to images
and based on the hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution is based on existing work in the field of digital
watermarking.
IMAGE RECOGNITION-BASED AUTOMATIC DECRYPTION METHOD FOR TEXT ENCRYPTED USING ...IJCSEA Journal
Using passwords only has rapidly become a security risk. Another approach to security is visual
cryptography (VC), which divides paper documents into several encrypted papers managed by multiple
people. Decryption occurs by stacking these papers, i.e., they cannot be decrypted individually. In our
work, we consider a system for decrypting text encrypted by VC on digital devices. Furthermore, we
propose a method for automatically recognizing encrypted portions using images captured by a digital
device's camera. Our system has several advantages, including no actual text in communication and
enabling users to use different passwords or secret questions at each use. Furthermore, our method is
implementable on wearable glasses-like devices, thus enabling wearers to decrypt text simply by looking at
encrypted portions. We conducted experiments regarding recognition accuracy and performance and
obtained results showing that our proposed method was able to achieve a high recognition rate at a low
cost.
IMAGE RECOGNITION-BASED AUTOMATIC DECRYPTION METHOD FOR TEXT ENCRYPTED USING ...IJCSEA Journal
Using passwords only has rapidly become a security risk. Another approach to security is visual cryptography (VC), which divides paper documents into several encrypted papers managed by multiple people. Decryption occurs by stacking these papers, i.e., they cannot be decrypted individually. In our work, we consider a system for decrypting text encrypted by VC on digital devices. Furthermore, we propose a method for automatically recognizing encrypted portions using images captured by a digital device's camera. Our system has several advantages, including no actual text in communication and enabling users to use different passwords or secret questions at each use. Furthermore, our method is implementable on wearable glasses-like devices, thus enabling wearers to decrypt text simply by looking at encrypted portions. We conducted experiments regarding recognition accuracy and performance and obtained results showing that our proposed method was able to achieve a high recognition rate at a low cost.
Data Hiding In Medical Images by Preserving Integrity of ROI Using Semi-Rever...IJERA Editor
Text fusion in images is an important technology for image processing. We have lots of important information related to the patient’s reports and need lots of space to store and the proper position and name which relates that image with that data. In our work we are going to find out the ROI (region of interest) for the particular image and will fuse the related document in the NROI (non-region of interest) of the image, till yet we have many techniques to fuse text data in the medical images one of form them is to fuse data at the boarders of the images and build the particular and pre-defined boarder space. We have propose an algorithm in which we first find out the area of interest and after that we find noisy pixels of the image to embed data in that noisy portions of the image. We use wavelets for smoothing images and segmentation process for extracting region of interest. Coordinates of the noisy pixels have been located and data has been embedded in those pixels .The used embedding technique embed data in least significant bits, hence does not degrade the quality of the image to unacceptable limits. Results show that it gives good PSNR and MSE values which are used for measuring quality effected performance.
Quality - Security Uncompromised and Plausible Watermarking for Patent Infrin...CSCJournals
The most quoted applications for digital watermarking is in the context of copyright-protection of digital (multi-)media. In this paper we offer a new digital watermarking technique, which pledges both Security and Quality for the image for the Patent protection. This methodology uses tale techniques like Shuffling, Composition & Decomposition, and Encryption & Decryption to record the information of a protected primary image and the allied watermarks. The quadtree can aid the processing of watermark and AES provides added security to information. Besides that, we intend a novel architecture for Patent Protection that holds promise for a better compromise between practicality and security for emerging digital rights management application. Security solutions must seize a suspicious version of the application-dependent restrictions and competing objectives.
Similar to A Generalized Image Authentication Based On Statistical Moments of Color Histogram (20)
Now-a-days, Internet has become an important part of human’s life, a person
can shop, invest, and perform all the banking task online. Almost, all the organizations have
their own website, where customer can perform all the task like shopping, they only have to
provide their credit card details. Online banking and e-commerce organizations have been
experiencing the increase in credit card transaction and other modes of on-line transaction.
Due to this credit card fraud becomes a very popular issue for credit card industry, it causes
many financial losses for customer and also for the organization. Many techniques like
Decision Tree, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm based on modern techniques like
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Fuzzy Logic have been already developed for
credit card fraud detection. In this paper, an evolutionary Simulated Annealing algorithm is
used to train the Neural Networks for Credit Card fraud detection in real-time scenario.
This paper shows how this technique can be used for credit card fraud detection and
present all the detailed experimental results found when using this technique on real world
financial data (data are taken from UCI repository) to show the effectiveness of this
technique. The algorithm used in this paper are likely beneficial for the organizations and
for individual users in terms of cost and time efficiency. Still there are many cases which are
misclassified i.e. A genuine customer is classified as fraud customer or vise-versa.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in various applications.
In these networks nodes collect data from the attached sensors and send their data to a base
station. However, nodes in WSN have limited power supply in form of battery so the nodes
are expected to minimize energy consumption in order to maximize the lifetime of WSN. A
number of techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the energy
consumption significantly. In this paper, we propose a new clustering based technique
which is a modification of the popular LEACH algorithm. In this technique, first cluster
heads are elected using the improved LEACH algorithm as usual, and then a cluster of
nodes is formed based on the distance between node and cluster head. Finally, data from
node is transferred to cluster head. Cluster heads forward data, after applying aggregation,
to the cluster head that is closer to it than sink in forward direction or directly to the sink.
This reduction in distance travelled improves the performance over LEACH algorithm
significantly.
The next generation wireless networks comprises of mobile users moving
between heterogeneous networks, using terminals with multiple access interfaces and
services. The most important issue in such environment is ABC (Always Best Connected) i.e.
allowing the best connectivity to applications anywhere at any time. For always best
connectivity requirement various vertical handover strategies for decision making have
been proposed. This paper provides an overview of the most interesting and recent
strategies.
This paper presents the design and performance comparison of a two stage
operational amplifier topology using CMOS and BiCMOS technology. This conventional op
amp circuit was designed by using RF model of BSIM3V3 in 0.6 μm CMOS technology and
0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. Both the op amp circuits were designed and simulated,
analyzed and performance parameters are compared. The performance parameters such as
gain, phase margin, CMRR, PSRR, power consumption etc achieved are compared. Finally,
we conclude the suitability of CMOS technology over BiCMOS technology for low power
RF design.
In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) is
used to improve performance of spectrum sensing techniques used for detection of licensed
(Primary) user’s signal. In CSS, the spectrum sensing information from multiple unlicensed
(Secondary) users are combined to take final decision about presence of primary signal. The
mixing techniques used to generate final decision about presence of PU’s signal are also
called as Fusion techniques / rules. The fusion techniques are further classified as data
fusion and decision fusion techniques. In data fusion technique all the secondary users
(SUs) share their raw information of spectrum detection like detected energy or other
statistical information, while in decision fusion technique all the SUs take their local
decisions and share the decision by sending ‘0’ or ‘1’ corresponding to absence and presence
of PU’s signal respectively. The rules used in decision fusion techniques are OR rule, AND
rule and K-out-of-N rule. The CSS is further classified as distributed CSS and centralized
CSS. In distributed CSS all the SUs share the spectrum detection information with each
other and by mixing the shared information; all the SUs take final decision individually. In
centralized CSS all the SUs send their detected information to a secondary base station /
central unit which combines the shared information and takes final decision. The secondary
base station shares the final decision with all the SUs in the CRN. This paper covers
overview of information fusion methods used for CSS and analysis of decision fusion rules
with simulation results.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
This paper gives a brief idea of the moving objects tracking and its application.
In sport it is challenging to track and detect motion of players in video frames. Task
represents optical flow analysis to do motion detection and particle filter to track players
and taking consideration of regions with movement of players in sports video. Optical flow
vector calculation gives motion of players in video frame. This paper presents improved
Luacs Kanade algorithm explained for optical flow computation for large displacement and
more accuracy in motion estimation.
A rapid progress is seen in the field of robotics both in educational and industrial
automation sectors. The Robotics education in particular is gaining technological advances
and providing more learning opportunities. In automotive sector, there is a necessity and
demand to automate daily human activities by robot. With such an advancement and
demand for robotics, the realization of a popular computer game will help students to learn
and acquire skills in the field of robotics. The computer game such as Pacman offers
challenges on both software and hardware fronts. In software, it provides challenges in
developing algorithms for a robot to escape from the pool of attacking robots and to develop
algorithms for multiple ghost robots to attack the Pacman. On the hardware front, it
provides a challenge to integrate various systems to realize the game. This project aims to
demonstrate the pacman game in real world as well as in simulation. For simulation
purpose Player/Stage is used to develop single-client and multi-client architectures. The
multi- client architecture in player/stage uses one global simulation proxy to which all the
robot models are connected. This reduces the overhead to manage multiple robots proxy.
The single-client architecture enables only two robot models to connect to the simulation
proxy. Multi-client approach offers flexibility to add sensors to each port which will be used
distinctly by the client attached to the respective robot. The robots are named as Pacman
and Ghosts, which try to escape and attack respectively. Use of Network Camera has been
done to detect the global positions of the robots and data is shared through inter-process
communication.
In Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems, the visual contents of the
images in the database are took out and represented by multi-dimensional characteristic
vectors. A well known CBIR system that retrieves images by unsupervised method known
as cluster based image retrieval system. For enhancing the performance and retrieval rate
of CBIR system, we fuse the visual contents of an image. Recently, we developed two
cluster-based CBIR systems by fusing the scores of two visual contents of an image. In this
paper, we analyzed the performance of the two recommended CBIR systems at different
levels of precision using images of varying sizes and resolutions. We also compared the
performance of the recommended systems with that of the other two existing CBIR systems
namely UFM and CLUE. Experimentally, we find that the recommended systems
outperform the other two existing systems and one recommended system also comparatively
performed better in every resolution of image.
Information Systems and Networks are subjected to electronic attacks. When
network attacks hit, organizations are thrown into crisis mode. From the IT department to
call centers, to the board room and beyond, all are fraught with danger until the situation is
under control. Traditional methods which are used to overcome these threats (e.g. firewall,
antivirus software, password protection etc.) do not provide complete security to the system.
This encourages the researchers to develop an Intrusion Detection System which is capable
of detecting and responding to such events. This review paper presents a comprehensive
study of Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It provides a
brief overview of rule-based IDS, elaborates the implementation issues of Genetic Algorithm
and also presents a comparative analysis of existing studies.
Step by step operations by which we make a group of objects in which attributes
of all the objects are nearly similar, known as clustering. So, a cluster is a collection of
objects that acquire nearly same attribute values. The property of an object in a cluster is
similar to other objects in same cluster but different with objects of other clusters.
Clustering is used in wide range of applications like pattern recognition, image processing,
data analysis, machine learning etc. Nowadays, more attention has been put on categorical
data rather than numerical data. Where, the range of numerical attributes organizes in a
class like small, medium, high, and so on. There is wide range of algorithm that used to
make clusters of given categorical data. Our approach is to enhance the working on well-
known clustering algorithm k-modes to improve accuracy of algorithm. We proposed a new
approach named “High Accuracy Clustering Algorithm for Categorical datasets”.
Brain tumor is a malformed growth of cells within brain which may be
cancerous or non-cancerous. The term ‘malformed’ indicates the existence of tumor. The
tumor may be benign or malignant and it needs medical support for further classification.
Brain tumor must be detected, diagnosed and evaluated in earliest stage. The medical
problems become grave if tumor is detected at the later stage. Out of various technologies
available for diagnosis of brain tumor, MRI is the preferred technology which enables the
diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumor. The current work presents various clustering
techniques that are employed to detect brain tumor. The classification involves classification
of images into normal and malformed (if detected the tumor). The algorithm deals with
steps such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification of MR brain
images. Finally, the confirmatory step is specifying the tumor area by technique called
region of interest.
A Proxy signature scheme enables a proxy signer to sign a message on behalf of
the original signer. In this paper, we propose ECDLP based solution for chen et. al [1]
scheme. We describe efficient and secure Proxy multi signature scheme that satisfy all the
proxy requirements and require only elliptic curve multiplication and elliptic curve addition
which needs less computation overhead compared to modular exponentiations also our
scheme is withstand against original signer forgery and public key substitution attack.
Water marking has been proposed as a method to enhance data security. Text
water marking requires extreme care when embedding additional data within the images
because the additional information must not affect the image quality. Digital water marking
is a method through which we can authenticate images, videos and even texts. Add text
water mark and image water mark to your photos or animated image, protect your
copyright avoid unauthorized use. Water marking functions are not only authentication, but
also protection for such documents against malicious intentions to change such documents
or even claim the rights of such documents. Water marking scheme that hides water
marking in method, not affect the image quality. In this paper method of hiding a data using
LSB replacement technique is proposed.
Today among various medium of data transmission or storage our sensitive data
are not secured with a third-party, that we used to take help of. Cryptography plays an
important role in securing our data from malicious attack. This paper present a partial
image encryption based on bit-planes permutation using Peter De Jong chaotic map for
secure image transmission and storage. The proposed partial image encryption is a raw data
encryption method where bits of some bit-planes are shuffled among other bit-planes based
on chaotic maps proposed by Peter De Jong. By using the chaotic behavior of the Peter De
Jong map the position of all the bit-planes are permuted. The result of the several
experimental, correlation analysis and sensitivity test shows that the proposed image
encryption scheme provides an efficient and secure way for real-time image encryption and
decryption.
This paper presents a survey of Dependency Analysis of Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA) based systems. SOA presents newer aspects of dependency analysis due
to its different architectural style and programming paradigm. This paper surveys the
previous work taken on dependency analysis of service oriented systems. This study shows
the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and tools available for dependency
analysis task in context of SOA. The main motivation of this work is to summarize the
recent approaches in this field of research, identify major issue and challenges in
dependency analysis of SOA based systems and motivate further research on this topic.
In this paper, proposed a novel implementation of a Soft-Core system using
micro-blaze processor with virtex-5 FPGA. Till now Hard-Core processors are used in
FPGA processor cores. Hard cores are a fixed gate-level IP functions within the FPGA
fabrics. Now the proposed processor is Soft-Core Processor, this is a microprocessor fully
described in software, usually in an HDL. This can be implemented by using EDK tool. In
this paper, developed a system which is having a micro-blaze processor is the combination
of both hardware & Software. By using this system, user can control and communicate all
the peripherals which are in the supported board by using Xilinx platform to develop an
embedded system. Implementing of Soft-Core process system with different peripherals like
UART interface, SPA flash interface, SRAM interface has to be designed using Xilinx
Embedded Development Kit (EDK) tools.
The article presents a simple algorithm to construct minimum spanning tree and
to find shortest path between pair of vertices in a graph. Our illustration includes the proof
of termination. The complexity analysis and simulation results have also been included.
Wimax technology has reshaped the framework of broadband wireless internet
service. It provides the internet service to unconnected or detached areas such as east South
Africa, rural areas of America and Asia region. Full duplex helpers employed with one of
the relay stations selection and indexing method that is Randomized Distributed Space Time
are used to expand the coverage area of primary Wimax station. The basic problem was
identified at cell edge due to weather conditions (rain, fog), insertion of destruction because
of multiple paths in the same communication channel and due to interference created by
other users in that communication. It is impractical task for the receiver station to decode
the transmitted signal successfully at the cell edges, which increases the high packet loss and
retransmissions. But Wimax is a outstanding technology which is used for improving the
quality of internet service and also it offers various services like Voice over Internet
Protocol, Video conferencing and Multimedia broadcast etc where a little delay in packet
transmission can cause a big loss in the communication. Even setup and initialization of
another Wimax station nearer to each other is not a good alternate, where any mobile
station can easily handover to another base station if it gets a strong signal from other one.
But in rural areas, for few numbers of customers, installation of base station nearer to each
other is costlier task. In this review article, we present a scheme using R-DSTC technique to
choose and select helpers (relay nodes) randomly to expand the coverage area and help to
mobile station as a helper to provide secure communication with base station. In this work,
we use full duplex helpers for better utilization of bandwidth.
Radio Frequency identification (RFID) technology has become emerging
technique for tracking and items identification. Depend upon the function; various RFID
technologies could be used. Drawback of passive RFID technology, associated to the range
of reading tags and assurance in difficult environmental condition, puts boundaries on
performance in the real life situation [1]. To improve the range of reading tags and
assurance, we consider implementing active backscattering tag technology. For making
mobiles of multiple radio standards in 4G network; the Software Defined Radio (SDR)
technology is used. Restrictions in Existing RFID technologies and SDR technology, can be
eliminated by the development and implementation of the Software Defined Radio (SDR)
active backscattering tag compatible with the EPC global UHF Class 1 Generation 2 (Gen2)
RFID standard. Such technology can be used for many of applications and services.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.