The document outlines key concepts from the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework including occupations, performance skills, performance patterns, client factors, and contexts/environments. It defines occupations as all activities people need or want to do in their daily lives. Performance skills include motor, process, and social interaction skills. Performance patterns encompass habits, routines, roles and rituals. Client factors relate to personal values and body structures/functions. Contexts consider cultural, personal, physical, social, temporal and virtual environments.

2. Introduction
• The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework:
Domain and Process, 3rd edition (hereinafter
referred to as “the Framework”), is an official
document of the American Occupational Therapy
Association (AOTA).
• Intended for occupational therapy practitioners and
students, other health care professionals,
educators, researchers, payers, and consumers, the
Framework presents a summary of interrelated
constructs that describe occupational therapy
practice.

4. Occupations
• Activities of
daily living
(ADLs)
• Instrumental
activities of
daily living
(IADLs)
• Rest and
sleep
• Education
• Work
• Play
• Leisure
• Social
participation
Client factors
• Values,
beliefs, and
• spirituality
• Body
functions
• Body
structures
Performance
skills
• Motor skills
• Process skills
• Social
interaction
skills
Performance
patterns
• Habits
• Routines
• Rituals
• Roles
Contexts and
environments
• Cultural
• Personal
• Physical
• Social
• Temporal
• Virtual

5. Occupation
• “Occupation is used to mean all the things people
want, need, or have to do, whether of physical,
mental, social, sexual, political, or spiritual nature
and is inclusive of sleep and rest. It refers to all
aspects of actual human doing, being, becoming,
and belonging.
• The practical, everyday medium of self-expression or
of making or experiencing meaning, occupation is
the activist element of human existence whether
occupations are contemplative, reflective, and
meditative or action based” (Wilcock & Townsend,
2014, p. 542).

6. Areas of Occupation
• Activities of daily living (ADLs)
• Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
• Rest and sleep
• Education
• Work
• Play
• Leisure
• Social participation

7. Client factors
• Client factors are specific capacities,
characteristics, or beliefs that reside within the
person and that influence performance in
occupations.
• Client factors include:
(1) values, beliefs, and spirituality;
(2) body functions; and
(3) body structures that reside within
the client that influence the client’s
performance in occupations.

8. Performance Skills
• Performance skills are goal-directed actions
that are observable as small units of
engagement in daily life occupations.
• They are learned and developed over time and
are situated in specific contexts and
environments (Fisher & Griswold, 2014).
• Fisher and Griswold (2014) categorized
performance skills as motor skills, process skills,
and social interaction skills (Table 3).

9. List of performance skills
Motor skills Process skills Social interaction skills
Aligns Paces Gathers Approaches/Starts Thanks
Stabilizes Attends Terminates Concludes/disengages Transitions
Positions Heeds Searches Produces speech Time response
Reaches Choose Organizes Gesticulates Time duration
Bends Uses Restores Speaks fluently Takes turns
Grips Handles Navigates Turns toward Matches
language
Manipulates Inquires Notices Looks
Coordinates Initiates Adjust Places sell Acknowledges &
encourages
Moves Continues Accommodates Touches
Lifts Sequences Benefits Regulates Empathizes
Walks Questions Heeds
Transports Replies Accommodates
Paces Discloses Benefits
Express emotion Disagrees
Clarifies

10. Performance pattern
• Performance patterns are the habits, routines,
roles, and rituals used in the process of
engaging in occupations or activities that can
support or hinder occupational performance.

11. Performance Pattern
Individual Group
Habits Routines
Routines Rituals
Rituals Roles
Roles

12. Context and environment
• Engagement and participation in occupation take
place within the social and physical environment
situated within context.
• In the literature, the terms environment and context
often are used interchangeably.
• In the Framework, both terms are used to reflect the
importance of sconsidering the wide array of
interrelated variables that influence performance.
• Understanding the environments and contexts in
which occupations can and do occur provides
practitioners with insights into their overarching,
underlying, and embedded influences on
engagement.

13. Context and Environment
Environment Context
Physical Cultural
Social Personal
Temporal
Virtual