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•Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 2007:
30 years
⬜ S. H. Stertzer, MD, FACC, FAHA
⬜ Professor of Medicine,
⬜ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
⬜ Stanford University School of Medicine
⬜ Stanford, CA
Innovations in Percutaneous Intervention
1977-2007
• Simple balloon angioplasty 1977
• Over-the-wire advance 1979
• Monorail alternatives 1981
• Directional and Rotational atherectomy
• Retrieval atherectomy- Pathway Medical
• Bare metal stents 1987
• DES, first generation 1999; PI:Valves, etc.
• DES 2nd
generation; PI: Myocardial regeneration
therapy 2008
Percutaneous Intervention
Historical Past
1st
PTCA worldwide- Sept 16, 1977, Zurich
1st
PTCA US- March 1, 1978, New York
In 1929 in a small hospital in Eberswald Germany, Werner Forssmann, a
young surgical resident, anesthetized his own elbow, inserted a catheter
in his antecubital vein and, catheter dangling from his arm, proceeded to
a basement x-ray room where he documented the catheter's position in
his right atrium — proving that a catheter could be inserted safely into a
human heart
1958 - While conducting an imaging procedure in which dye
was to be injected into the aortic valve of a patient with
valvular disease, Dr. Mason Sones a pediatric cardiologist at
The Cleveland Clinic discovered that the catheter had
accidentally entered the patient's right coronary artery and,
before it could be removed, 30cc's of contrast dye had been
released.
1967 An associate of Dr. Charles Dotter at the University of
Oregon in Portland, radiologist Dr. Melvin Judkins studied
coronary angiography with Dr. Mason Sones; Judkins went
on to create his own system of diagnostic imaging,
introducing a series of specialized catheters and perfecting
the transfemoral approach
1976 After employing Dotter's techniques of transluminal angioplasty, which he had
learned from Eberhart Zeitler in Nuremberg, Andreas Gruentzig, a young German
physician working at University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, began toying with
the idea of adding a balloon to the Dotter catheters. He started fashioning
prototypes in his own kitchen, searching for a viable material and design. In 1975
he developed a double-lumen catheter fitted with a polyvinylchloride balloon that
would set in motion a revolution in medicine.
Percutaneous Intervention
The Current Era
2006: Should everyone get a BMS or a DES
stent?
⬜ Residual plaque, ISR, LST
⬜ Biology of stent & DES failure, and the
atherosclerotic process
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Doyle, B. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2073-2080
Mechanisms of Vessel Wall Neovascularisation in Atherosclerosis
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Doyle, B. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2073-2080
Role of Vessel Wall Neovascularization in Plaque Growth
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Kolodgie, F. D. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2093-2101
Neovascularization in Stable and Unstable Coronary Plaques
Remodeling and Plaque Vulnerability
MacrophageCount
Negative
Remodeling
Positive
Remodeling
Varnava et al. Circulation 2002;105:939-943
P=0.005
Vessel Remodeling and Plaque Instability
Case Example
Bare metal stent
Post Procedure 8-month FU
Sten
t
Neointima
Lume
n
Drug Eluting Stent: QUANAM Pilot Registry
Proximal Edge Distal EdgeMSA Site
Honda et al. Circulation 2001
15 Month Follow-up
Case Example
Bare metal stent
Post Procedure 8-month FU
Sten
t
Neointima
Lume
n
Case Example
Sirolimus-Eluting Stent
Post Procedure 8-month FU
Stent
Neointima
Lumen
NeointimalVolumeIndex
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
(mm3
/mm)
BMS SES
2.2±1.1
0.17±0.3
Impact on Neointimal Proliferation
P<0.0001 > 90 %
The SIRIUS Trial: Completed
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118
Effect of SES Versus BMS on Subsequent Death or Survival Free of Infarction
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118
The 4-Year Follow-Up of Randomized Trials of SES Versus BMS and PES Versus BMS
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118
Cause of Death in Patients Randomized to SES Versus BMS
Clinical analysis: 8146 cases of DES
in 2 centres, with 3year followup of
late stent thrombosis-
⬜ SES = n3823 PES= n4323
⬜ 2002-2005 Bern and Rotterdam
⬜ Cumulative death rate 3 yrs= 2.9% ?progressive
⬜ 91 early ST, 61 late ST; 60%,40%
⬜ Dual anti-platelet Rx= 87% at LST event
⬜ Clinical: ACS, Diabetes Mellitus
⬜ Anatomic: length, vessel size, ostial, bifurc,# devices
Mechanisms of late stent Thrombosis-
proposed:
⬜ Delayed endothelialization
⬜ Hypersensitivity to anti-proliferative
⬜ The synthetic plastic polymer itself
⬜ Positive remodeling
⬜ Inadequate stent expansion
⬜ Malapposition
⬜ Neo-revascularization, macrophage-smc
⬜ Role of: the plastic polymer? Drug retention?
Copyright ©2002 American Heart Association Shah, V. M. et al. Circulation 2002;106:1753-1755
Area
measurements
of the late
malapposition
lesions are
illustrated in a
single
cross-section
that is
replicated: (a)
late
malapposition,
(b) intimal
hyperplasia, (c)
plaque and
media outside
the stent, (d)
intrastent
lumen, (e) stent,
(f) effective
lumen, and (g)
external elastic
membrane
Copyright ©2002 American Heart Association
Shah, V. M. et al. Circulation 2002;106:1753-1755
Poststent and follow-up IVUS images (every 2.5 mm) are shown to illustrate a case of
marked late malapposition (white arrows)
Clinical risks of late thrombosis:
⬜ Acute Coronary Syndromes
⬜ Diabetes Mellitus: aggressive atherosclerosis
⬜ Bifurcation lesions, ostial, long lesions, small
vessel size, multiple stents, stent overlap
⬜ Premature discontinuation of anti-platelet
therapy
Source: CDC/NCHS & AHA 2002
CABG
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002
Thousands
2007
Forecast
Surgeon: Trends…
2007 1.2 M
PCI/Stenting
30
0
35
0
40
0
45
0
50
0
55
0
60
0
65
0
70
0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
PTCA
Thousands
Forecast
Source: CDC/NCHS & AHA 2002
Interventional
Cardiologist…
Percutaneous Intervention
Beyond the current era:
1. Newer stent platforms-
a. stent itself
b. abolition of plastic polymer coating-
c. drug changes: e.g., cerivastatin
2. Myocardial regeneration
3. Other structural PI advances - valves,
IA occluders, L atrial exclusion, EP-
Today’s Drug/Polymer Paradigm
⬜ Efforts began in 2002, (e.g.,Stanford/ Medlogics)
to address issues with first generation drug
eluting stents that investigators considered
would arise when:
◼ A stent is “jacketed” in plastic; and
◼ That plastic holds and releases a toxic substance.
A Next Generation Stent System,
needs to be:
⬜ A superior platform for DES
⬜ Thinner Stent Struts 71 – 78um
◼ Cf. Driver = 91 um
Vision = 81 um
⬜ Lower Stent Recoil <3%
⬜ Lower Crossing Profile < 1.0mm (for all diameters
including 4.0mm)
⬜ Shift Stress Concentration Away from Crown Inner
Radius
⬜ 7, 9 Crown; 1.2mm Segment (2.50-4.0mm)
⬜ Submission for CE Mark by September 2007
Next Gen BMS
(CE Mark expected Dec 2007)
Next Generation
7, 9 Crown 1.2mm Segment
The Drugs
⬜ Current DES drugs are typically either rapamycin
derivatives or paclitaxel.
⬜ All of these drugs delay, impede, or prevent
complete healing and/or promote endothelial
dysfunction.
Drug Carrier Matrix
⬜ Stanford technology
a b c
d e f
Cypher
stent
*
Scanning electron micrograph of 18mm
COBRA-D Paclitaxel eluting stent
a b c
d e f
Cypher
stent
*
Successfully able to control paclitaxel release to
mimic Taxus SR, Taxus MR and an intermediate
release.
Optimizing Coating Appearance
Cerivastatin differentially inhibits
mitogen-mediated human smooth muscle cell,
and endothelial cell proliferation:
Cardiovascular Research
68 (2005) 483 – 492
Cerivastatin inhibits proliferation of human smooth
muscle cells in vitro
Newer diagnostics?
⬜ 64 slice CT scanning
⬜ MRI imaging
⬜ PET Scanning
TISSUE ENGINEERING-
STANFORD-
CYTOGRAFT TISSUE
ENGINEERING
Technology Overview
time 0
14 weeks
15 weeks
4 weeks
1 week
Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4, 389 – 395
(01 Jul 2007)
Mechanical Properties
Property TEBV Vein Artery
Burst Pressure
(mmHg)
3516+/- 318 ≈ 2000 ≈ 3-4000
Compliance (%) 1.5 ± 0.3% ≈ 2 ≥ 5
Suture
Retention (gf)
162 +/- 15 ≈ 200 ≥ 200
Load-induced Remodeling (14 days in
vitro)
Versican
Tropoelastin
Unloaded Loaded
Follow-up Angiogram
…crimp the valve
Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty
Congestive Heart
Annular Ring Implant
Explant at 68 days
First Human Use
Reduction in MR Jet On LV Angiogram
End Diastole Mid Systole End Systole
LV
LA
4+
MR
2+
MR
Aortic Position
Trans-Catheter Prosthetic Valve
PVT
Percutaneous Prosthetic Valve Deployment
...like we used to do with familiar
First-in-Man
Experience
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76
CoreValve Prosthesis
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76
Implantation of the CoreValve Prosthesis
Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply.
Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76
Hemodynamic Tracing Before and After CoreValve
COMES
FROM THE LAA…
Device Implantation: Expand into LAA
MYOCARDIAL STAINING WITH
EVANS BLUE DYE:
DISTAL AIV INJECTION
Recent Intracoronary Delivery Autologous Bone
Marrow Stem Cell Therapy Clinical Trials
(IC)
⬜ REPAIR MI – Randomized controlled trial of 205 patients treated 3-6
days post MI showed a statistical improvement in left ventricular
ejection fraction improvement at 4 months (Schachinger: AHA, 2005)
⬜ ASTAMI – Randomized controlled trial of 100 patients treated 5-8 days
post MI showed a statistical decrease in left ventricular ejection
fraction at 6 months (Lunde: AHA, 2005)
⬜ ACUTE STEMI - Randomized controlled trial of 67 patients treated post
MI showed no statistical changes in global left ventricular ejection
fraction improvement at 4 months but a statistically significant decline
in infarct size as measured using MRI (Janssens: Lancet, 2005)
Poor delivery efficiencies with cells delivered IC
related to peripheral tissue losses
Only 1.3 to 2.6% 1 hour after
delivery
Hofmann, Circ.2005
Intramyocardial Delivery Has Superior Retention to other
Delivery Modalities
Dou, Circ. 2005
IM 12%
1 hour after
IC 2.6%
1 hour after
IRV 3.2%
1 hour after
Helix Classic
Transendocardial Delivery System
(three clinical studies to date)
HelixTM
biotherapeutic delivery catheter
• Stable delivery platform
• confirm position
• control delivery depth
• control rate of delivery
• Self sealing helical pathway
• Double barrel design to confirm
position with contrast at base of helix
• Dwell period after delivery uses
stability to prevent back leak into
ventricular chamber
Helical Needle Intramyocardial Delivery
⬜ BioCardia’s catheter is
advanced from an artery in the
leg of the patient and into the
large pumping chamber of the
heart called the left ventricle.
⬜ From within this very dynamic
space the helical needle is
steered with BioCardia’s
deflectable Morph catheter and
the helical needle can be
advanced and rotated into the
heart muscle to deliver
biotherapeutics.
Video of Intramyocardial Delivery of Contrast
to Provide Qualitative Understanding of Local
Pharmacokinetics and Value of Helix Stability
Lead Program: Stem Cells from Autologous Bone
Marrow
•9am Marrow Harvested
•10am Cells Processed
•3pm Cells Delivered
Helix Delivery System
Helix
contrast
at Helix base
Deflectable guide
Transendocardial Delivery
TABBMMI Trial Results: Increase in Ejection Fraction
is Statistically and Clinically Significant at 12 Months
A B
Improvement in Ejection Fraction Example
Right anterior oblique left ventriculogram on date of
procedure (A) and at 6 month follow-up (B) showing
significant ejection fraction (EF) changes.
Helix improves retention over straight needle (JNJ)
and other delivery modalities in studies using
radiolabelled FGF-2
IP = Intra pericardial
IC = Intracoronary
IM JNJ = Johnson and Johnson Catheter
IM BioCardia = BioCardia Catheter
Conclusions, 2007:
⬜ Past 30 years have seen the most remarkable
advances in PCI
⬜ New DES will hopefully arrest LST-ReS
⬜ Retrieval atherectomy may yet remove clot and
residual plaque
⬜ MR, AF and some AVR may all be treated by PCI
⬜ Myocardium may be regenerated in CHF
⬜ TEBV may be available in allografts
THE CORONARY VEINS
(an important frontage road)
* Dye Removal
* Delivery vehicle
* Route to the valve
CORONARY VEINS:
Navigation
*
Proteins
* Genes
* Cells
Many promising efforts for cell therapy
regenerative medicine
ACRx
Morph: A highly controllable single use
steerable guide and sheath platform
Morph Product is FDA cleared
via 510(k) for peripheral and
cardiac applications.
➢3 million guides are sold each year with a variety of shapes.
➢Morph can take on all shapes and be customized for patient.
Morph®
Video Demo
Clinical experience has been stellar.
Perfect safety record >1400 typically difficult clinical cases.
115 hospital customers ordering Morph®
Carotid- AAA- Dr. Arko Lumbar – Dr. Ansel
Dr. Eles
Celiac- Dr. Frisoli Renal – Dr. Bates SMA- Dr. Das
Morph ®
Sheath-Guide
to capture the broader opportunity
⬜ 6F and 7F Guide Sheaths
⬜ Every guide shape that can be customized to the
patient
⬜ Sheath type back up support in a shaped catheter (only
the Morph®
can do this today)
⬜ First product inserted into patient – determinant of
what goes in next.

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30 years of percutaneous coronary intervention.pptx

  • 1. •Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 2007: 30 years ⬜ S. H. Stertzer, MD, FACC, FAHA ⬜ Professor of Medicine, ⬜ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine ⬜ Stanford University School of Medicine ⬜ Stanford, CA
  • 2. Innovations in Percutaneous Intervention 1977-2007 • Simple balloon angioplasty 1977 • Over-the-wire advance 1979 • Monorail alternatives 1981 • Directional and Rotational atherectomy • Retrieval atherectomy- Pathway Medical • Bare metal stents 1987 • DES, first generation 1999; PI:Valves, etc. • DES 2nd generation; PI: Myocardial regeneration therapy 2008
  • 3. Percutaneous Intervention Historical Past 1st PTCA worldwide- Sept 16, 1977, Zurich 1st PTCA US- March 1, 1978, New York
  • 4. In 1929 in a small hospital in Eberswald Germany, Werner Forssmann, a young surgical resident, anesthetized his own elbow, inserted a catheter in his antecubital vein and, catheter dangling from his arm, proceeded to a basement x-ray room where he documented the catheter's position in his right atrium — proving that a catheter could be inserted safely into a human heart
  • 5. 1958 - While conducting an imaging procedure in which dye was to be injected into the aortic valve of a patient with valvular disease, Dr. Mason Sones a pediatric cardiologist at The Cleveland Clinic discovered that the catheter had accidentally entered the patient's right coronary artery and, before it could be removed, 30cc's of contrast dye had been released.
  • 6. 1967 An associate of Dr. Charles Dotter at the University of Oregon in Portland, radiologist Dr. Melvin Judkins studied coronary angiography with Dr. Mason Sones; Judkins went on to create his own system of diagnostic imaging, introducing a series of specialized catheters and perfecting the transfemoral approach
  • 7. 1976 After employing Dotter's techniques of transluminal angioplasty, which he had learned from Eberhart Zeitler in Nuremberg, Andreas Gruentzig, a young German physician working at University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, began toying with the idea of adding a balloon to the Dotter catheters. He started fashioning prototypes in his own kitchen, searching for a viable material and design. In 1975 he developed a double-lumen catheter fitted with a polyvinylchloride balloon that would set in motion a revolution in medicine.
  • 8.
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  • 12.
  • 14. 2006: Should everyone get a BMS or a DES stent? ⬜ Residual plaque, ISR, LST ⬜ Biology of stent & DES failure, and the atherosclerotic process
  • 15. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Doyle, B. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2073-2080 Mechanisms of Vessel Wall Neovascularisation in Atherosclerosis
  • 16. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Doyle, B. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2073-2080 Role of Vessel Wall Neovascularization in Plaque Growth
  • 17. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Kolodgie, F. D. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2093-2101 Neovascularization in Stable and Unstable Coronary Plaques
  • 18. Remodeling and Plaque Vulnerability MacrophageCount Negative Remodeling Positive Remodeling Varnava et al. Circulation 2002;105:939-943 P=0.005
  • 19. Vessel Remodeling and Plaque Instability
  • 20. Case Example Bare metal stent Post Procedure 8-month FU Sten t Neointima Lume n
  • 21. Drug Eluting Stent: QUANAM Pilot Registry Proximal Edge Distal EdgeMSA Site Honda et al. Circulation 2001 15 Month Follow-up
  • 22. Case Example Bare metal stent Post Procedure 8-month FU Sten t Neointima Lume n
  • 23. Case Example Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Post Procedure 8-month FU Stent Neointima Lumen
  • 24. NeointimalVolumeIndex 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 (mm3 /mm) BMS SES 2.2±1.1 0.17±0.3 Impact on Neointimal Proliferation P<0.0001 > 90 % The SIRIUS Trial: Completed
  • 25. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118 Effect of SES Versus BMS on Subsequent Death or Survival Free of Infarction
  • 26. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118 The 4-Year Follow-Up of Randomized Trials of SES Versus BMS and PES Versus BMS
  • 27. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Holmes, D. R. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:109-118 Cause of Death in Patients Randomized to SES Versus BMS
  • 28. Clinical analysis: 8146 cases of DES in 2 centres, with 3year followup of late stent thrombosis- ⬜ SES = n3823 PES= n4323 ⬜ 2002-2005 Bern and Rotterdam ⬜ Cumulative death rate 3 yrs= 2.9% ?progressive ⬜ 91 early ST, 61 late ST; 60%,40% ⬜ Dual anti-platelet Rx= 87% at LST event ⬜ Clinical: ACS, Diabetes Mellitus ⬜ Anatomic: length, vessel size, ostial, bifurc,# devices
  • 29. Mechanisms of late stent Thrombosis- proposed: ⬜ Delayed endothelialization ⬜ Hypersensitivity to anti-proliferative ⬜ The synthetic plastic polymer itself ⬜ Positive remodeling ⬜ Inadequate stent expansion ⬜ Malapposition ⬜ Neo-revascularization, macrophage-smc ⬜ Role of: the plastic polymer? Drug retention?
  • 30. Copyright ©2002 American Heart Association Shah, V. M. et al. Circulation 2002;106:1753-1755 Area measurements of the late malapposition lesions are illustrated in a single cross-section that is replicated: (a) late malapposition, (b) intimal hyperplasia, (c) plaque and media outside the stent, (d) intrastent lumen, (e) stent, (f) effective lumen, and (g) external elastic membrane
  • 31. Copyright ©2002 American Heart Association Shah, V. M. et al. Circulation 2002;106:1753-1755 Poststent and follow-up IVUS images (every 2.5 mm) are shown to illustrate a case of marked late malapposition (white arrows)
  • 32. Clinical risks of late thrombosis: ⬜ Acute Coronary Syndromes ⬜ Diabetes Mellitus: aggressive atherosclerosis ⬜ Bifurcation lesions, ostial, long lesions, small vessel size, multiple stents, stent overlap ⬜ Premature discontinuation of anti-platelet therapy
  • 33. Source: CDC/NCHS & AHA 2002 CABG 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 Thousands 2007 Forecast Surgeon: Trends…
  • 34. 2007 1.2 M PCI/Stenting 30 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 55 0 60 0 65 0 70 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 PTCA Thousands Forecast Source: CDC/NCHS & AHA 2002 Interventional Cardiologist…
  • 35. Percutaneous Intervention Beyond the current era: 1. Newer stent platforms- a. stent itself b. abolition of plastic polymer coating- c. drug changes: e.g., cerivastatin 2. Myocardial regeneration 3. Other structural PI advances - valves, IA occluders, L atrial exclusion, EP-
  • 36. Today’s Drug/Polymer Paradigm ⬜ Efforts began in 2002, (e.g.,Stanford/ Medlogics) to address issues with first generation drug eluting stents that investigators considered would arise when: ◼ A stent is “jacketed” in plastic; and ◼ That plastic holds and releases a toxic substance.
  • 37. A Next Generation Stent System, needs to be: ⬜ A superior platform for DES ⬜ Thinner Stent Struts 71 – 78um ◼ Cf. Driver = 91 um Vision = 81 um ⬜ Lower Stent Recoil <3% ⬜ Lower Crossing Profile < 1.0mm (for all diameters including 4.0mm) ⬜ Shift Stress Concentration Away from Crown Inner Radius ⬜ 7, 9 Crown; 1.2mm Segment (2.50-4.0mm) ⬜ Submission for CE Mark by September 2007
  • 38. Next Gen BMS (CE Mark expected Dec 2007)
  • 39. Next Generation 7, 9 Crown 1.2mm Segment
  • 40. The Drugs ⬜ Current DES drugs are typically either rapamycin derivatives or paclitaxel. ⬜ All of these drugs delay, impede, or prevent complete healing and/or promote endothelial dysfunction.
  • 41. Drug Carrier Matrix ⬜ Stanford technology
  • 42. a b c d e f Cypher stent *
  • 43. Scanning electron micrograph of 18mm COBRA-D Paclitaxel eluting stent
  • 44. a b c d e f Cypher stent *
  • 45. Successfully able to control paclitaxel release to mimic Taxus SR, Taxus MR and an intermediate release.
  • 47. Cerivastatin differentially inhibits mitogen-mediated human smooth muscle cell, and endothelial cell proliferation: Cardiovascular Research 68 (2005) 483 – 492
  • 48. Cerivastatin inhibits proliferation of human smooth muscle cells in vitro
  • 49. Newer diagnostics? ⬜ 64 slice CT scanning ⬜ MRI imaging ⬜ PET Scanning
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 53. Technology Overview time 0 14 weeks 15 weeks 4 weeks 1 week
  • 54. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4, 389 – 395 (01 Jul 2007)
  • 55.
  • 56. Mechanical Properties Property TEBV Vein Artery Burst Pressure (mmHg) 3516+/- 318 ≈ 2000 ≈ 3-4000 Compliance (%) 1.5 ± 0.3% ≈ 2 ≥ 5 Suture Retention (gf) 162 +/- 15 ≈ 200 ≥ 200
  • 57. Load-induced Remodeling (14 days in vitro) Versican Tropoelastin Unloaded Loaded
  • 58.
  • 60.
  • 61. …crimp the valve Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty Congestive Heart
  • 63. First Human Use Reduction in MR Jet On LV Angiogram End Diastole Mid Systole End Systole LV LA 4+ MR 2+ MR
  • 65. Percutaneous Prosthetic Valve Deployment ...like we used to do with familiar
  • 67. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76 CoreValve Prosthesis
  • 68. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76 Implantation of the CoreValve Prosthesis
  • 69. Copyright ©2007 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Restrictions may apply. Grube, E. et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69-76 Hemodynamic Tracing Before and After CoreValve
  • 72. MYOCARDIAL STAINING WITH EVANS BLUE DYE: DISTAL AIV INJECTION
  • 73.
  • 74. Recent Intracoronary Delivery Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy Clinical Trials (IC) ⬜ REPAIR MI – Randomized controlled trial of 205 patients treated 3-6 days post MI showed a statistical improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction improvement at 4 months (Schachinger: AHA, 2005) ⬜ ASTAMI – Randomized controlled trial of 100 patients treated 5-8 days post MI showed a statistical decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months (Lunde: AHA, 2005) ⬜ ACUTE STEMI - Randomized controlled trial of 67 patients treated post MI showed no statistical changes in global left ventricular ejection fraction improvement at 4 months but a statistically significant decline in infarct size as measured using MRI (Janssens: Lancet, 2005)
  • 75. Poor delivery efficiencies with cells delivered IC related to peripheral tissue losses Only 1.3 to 2.6% 1 hour after delivery Hofmann, Circ.2005
  • 76. Intramyocardial Delivery Has Superior Retention to other Delivery Modalities Dou, Circ. 2005 IM 12% 1 hour after IC 2.6% 1 hour after IRV 3.2% 1 hour after
  • 77. Helix Classic Transendocardial Delivery System (three clinical studies to date)
  • 78. HelixTM biotherapeutic delivery catheter • Stable delivery platform • confirm position • control delivery depth • control rate of delivery • Self sealing helical pathway • Double barrel design to confirm position with contrast at base of helix • Dwell period after delivery uses stability to prevent back leak into ventricular chamber
  • 79. Helical Needle Intramyocardial Delivery ⬜ BioCardia’s catheter is advanced from an artery in the leg of the patient and into the large pumping chamber of the heart called the left ventricle. ⬜ From within this very dynamic space the helical needle is steered with BioCardia’s deflectable Morph catheter and the helical needle can be advanced and rotated into the heart muscle to deliver biotherapeutics. Video of Intramyocardial Delivery of Contrast to Provide Qualitative Understanding of Local Pharmacokinetics and Value of Helix Stability
  • 80. Lead Program: Stem Cells from Autologous Bone Marrow •9am Marrow Harvested •10am Cells Processed •3pm Cells Delivered
  • 81. Helix Delivery System Helix contrast at Helix base Deflectable guide
  • 83. TABBMMI Trial Results: Increase in Ejection Fraction is Statistically and Clinically Significant at 12 Months
  • 84. A B Improvement in Ejection Fraction Example Right anterior oblique left ventriculogram on date of procedure (A) and at 6 month follow-up (B) showing significant ejection fraction (EF) changes.
  • 85. Helix improves retention over straight needle (JNJ) and other delivery modalities in studies using radiolabelled FGF-2 IP = Intra pericardial IC = Intracoronary IM JNJ = Johnson and Johnson Catheter IM BioCardia = BioCardia Catheter
  • 86. Conclusions, 2007: ⬜ Past 30 years have seen the most remarkable advances in PCI ⬜ New DES will hopefully arrest LST-ReS ⬜ Retrieval atherectomy may yet remove clot and residual plaque ⬜ MR, AF and some AVR may all be treated by PCI ⬜ Myocardium may be regenerated in CHF ⬜ TEBV may be available in allografts
  • 87. THE CORONARY VEINS (an important frontage road) * Dye Removal * Delivery vehicle * Route to the valve
  • 89. Many promising efforts for cell therapy regenerative medicine ACRx
  • 90. Morph: A highly controllable single use steerable guide and sheath platform Morph Product is FDA cleared via 510(k) for peripheral and cardiac applications.
  • 91. ➢3 million guides are sold each year with a variety of shapes. ➢Morph can take on all shapes and be customized for patient. Morph® Video Demo
  • 92. Clinical experience has been stellar. Perfect safety record >1400 typically difficult clinical cases. 115 hospital customers ordering Morph® Carotid- AAA- Dr. Arko Lumbar – Dr. Ansel Dr. Eles Celiac- Dr. Frisoli Renal – Dr. Bates SMA- Dr. Das
  • 93. Morph ® Sheath-Guide to capture the broader opportunity ⬜ 6F and 7F Guide Sheaths ⬜ Every guide shape that can be customized to the patient ⬜ Sheath type back up support in a shaped catheter (only the Morph® can do this today) ⬜ First product inserted into patient – determinant of what goes in next.