This document provides a summary of the history and developments in 3D body scanning technologies. It discusses early developments like stereoscopes in the 1830s and photographic techniques to capture human form and motion. It then outlines the major technologies used in modern 3D body scanners like laser scanning, white light scanning, image processing, and millimeter wave radar. Applications discussed include fashion, medical, security, and more. The document concludes with examples of companies providing 3D body scanning solutions.

3. 1.Historical notes
2.Developments in 3D body scanners
3.Introduction-what we can measure
4.Kinds of application
5.Technologies
5.1 laser scanning
5.2 white light scanning
5.3 image processing and modeling
5.4 millimeter wave radar
5.5 digital tape measurement
6. applications
6.1 fashion – visual try on
6.2 made to measure
7. Manufactures available in market.

4. THE PAST TODAY
1832 “Stereoscope” 3D Displays and 3D
Sir Charles Wheatstone Visualization
(England)

5. THE PAST TODAY
1849 “Métrophotographie” 3D Measurement
Aimé Laussedat (France) and 3D Scanning
1st Photogrammetric
record Façade Hotel des
Invalides

6. THE PAST TODAY
1882 “Fusil MOCAP systems
chronophotographique”
Étienne-Jules Marey
(France)
Human locomotion study

7. THE PAST TODAY
1883 “Bertillonage” Anthropometry
Alphonse Bertillon and Biometry
(France)Recording of
anthropometric data for
identification

8.  1970 Shadow Moire topography
Application for human body
Takasaki (JP)
 1985 Patent filed for 3D surface
digitizer by laser beam
Cyberware Inc. (USA)
 1989 Face scanning for “The
Abyss”Cyberware Inc. (USA)

9. 1989 1st full body scanning system
The Loughborough anthropometric
shadow scanner (LASS)
University of Loughborough (UK)
Application: anthropometric
surveys
1995 1st 3D color full body scanner
Capable of capturing shape and
color in one pass Cyberware Inc.
(USA)

10. 1996 3D full body scanner
TriFrom System, fringe technique
Wicks&Wilson (UK)
Application: shape tracking, health
clubs.
1998 1st 3D full body scanner for
clothing industry
TC2 (USA)

11. 2005 Millimeter wave scanner
Scanning without undressing
Intellifit (USA)
2008 Full automatic
“from 3D scan to Avatar”
TC2 (USA)

12. 2009 Microsoft Project Natal – Kinect (2010)
Extremely low cost 3D sensor <120€, Massive
extension/sales
Application: game-controller, hacked -> direct
access to 3D data

13.  Full body
 Face
 chest
 Foot
 Half body
 Legs
 Arms
 Hands
 Body
parts
 Back

14.  Animation
 Computer games
 Ergonomics
 Medicine / Forensic
 Anthropometry
 Cosmetics / Dermatology
 Biometry / Security
 Fitness / Sport
 Functional Apparel /
Fashion
 Art / Sculpture
 Communications

15.  Laser Scanning
 White light scanning
 Image processing and modelling
 Millimeter-wave radar
 Digital tape measurements
 Photogrammetry /Visual hull /Silhouette

16.  Lasers to project on to human body one or more
thin and sharp strips simultaneously.
 Light sensors acquires the scenes and by applying
simple geometrical rules the surface of human
body is measured.
 The laser scanner unit, which is composed of
the laser, the optical system and the light sensor, is
moved across the human body to digitize the surface.

17.  FULL BODY SCANNER Vitus (VITRONIC
GmbH).
 4 scanner units moves vertically along 4 pillars
 Total scanning time: ~ 12 seconds.

18.  FULL HEAD SCANNER 3030RGB/PS
(Cyberware Inc.)
 1 scanner unit moves horizontally in circle
around a person
 Total scanning time: ~ 17 seconds.

19.  FULL FOOT SCANNER YETI (Vorum
Research Corp.)
 3 scanner units moves horizontally along the
foot
 Total scanning time: ~ 4 seconds

20.  Quickly capture all of the physical measurements of
any physical object
 Save time in design work
 Ensure parts will fit together on the first try.
 enhancing a product's design
 accurate measurements of an object.

21.  Cost.
 Laser is harmful.
 Psychological factors , nudity.
 Practical problems like moment, breathing ,
hairs , eyes.
 Private data – visibility & data storage.

22.  It is second technology used extensively for human
body measurement.
 Instead of moving the scanner unit, a light pattern
 (usually in form of stripes) is projected onto the
human body.
 binary coding are used to determine the origin of the
single stripes; for the increment of the resolution, the
projected stripes are additionally shifted.

23.  Less time for scanning
 No harmful for body-eye safe
 Comparatively more accurate
 Economical factor
 Creates a very high density point cloud
 Can scan small parts with intricate details

24.  Sensitive to ambient light – best used in
darkened room
 Cannot be used to scan shiny surfaces
 “Occlusion” effects require the need for
additional images to be taken
 Slow when measuring objects with many
intricate details

25. BINARY COLOR

26. FULL BODY SCANNER Mega 3P (InSpeck Inc.)
3 pillars placed around a person
Each pillar has 2 sensor units: projector and camera
Total scanning time: ~ 4 seconds

27. In this technology, 3D measurements are not performed, but
3D information is generated and extracted from 2D images.
By using the symmetry of the human body, the most
important sizes of body are computed with sufficient
accuracy from the silhouettes of the body.
The big advantage of combining image processing and
modeling techniques is the extremely lower price compared
to real 3D measurement

28. Full body scanner Intellifit System (Intellifit Corp.,
Unique Ltd.) (2005)
 Person step inside the cabin without undressing
 “L” shaped mm-waves transceiver swings
around the person

29.  Non-harmful radiation penetrates clothing and
reflects off the body.
 The reflected signal are recorded by the
transceiver and analyzed.
 200,000 points of body surface measured
 Body sizes extracted automatically, accuracy:
6mm

30.  The method combines classical human body
measurement and digital technology. The
measurement process is completely similar to
classical tape measurement, where lengths are
measured by a tape at different key-location of the
human body (chest, waist, sleeve, etc.).

31.  Medicine
 Plastic surgery
 Forensics
 Orthopedics
 Fashion/apparel
 Virtual-try-on
 Size surveying
 Made-to-
measure
 Other sectors
 Virtual-make-
over
 Art & sculpture
 Security

32. Process
1. Full body scan
2. Cloth definition (CAD)
3. Stitching
4. Cloth simulation
5. Definition of motion/MOCAP
6. Virtual fashion show
7. Applications
e.g. design and development of
new garment (digital prototyping)
online shopping with virtual
models.

33. 1. Full body scanning and body size extraction
2. Selection of garment options
3. Automatic definition of cutting patterns
4. Automated garment production
5. Garanteed perfect fit

35.  Eyewear (Visionix Inc.)
 Head modeling
 Haircut 3D modeling
 Haircut visualization

36.  Hairdressing (Stellure Inc.)

37. Affordable 3D monitors
Volumetric 3D displays
Holographic projections
Examples: 3D Foto-Booth,
InSpeck Inc. (CA)
TC2 and Microsoft Kinect (USA)
3D scanning for everybody
Full automatic, easy, inexpensive
4D scanning / dynamic 3D scanning

38. 3dMD LLC (USA) is the world leader in 3D body
scanning for medical applications, with well more than
1,400 3D cameras worldwide
TechMed 3D (Canada) is an high tech company
specializing in body measurement technologies and
digital imaging solutions adapted to the orthotics,
prosthetics and custom equipment market
Human Solutions GmbH (Germany) is a world market
leader for body scanning and ergonomics simulation.
Systems from Human Solutions are used by more than
300 companies worldwide.
VITRONIC GmbH (Germany), a world leading
organization in the field of machine vision, is developer
and manufacturer of body scanning systems employed
by Human Solutions

39. SpaceVision Inc. (Japan) is a leading manufacturer of
innovative 3D imaging solutions used in various
application fields..
4D View Solutions (France) provides complete hardware
and software platforms for the capture of photorealistic
videos in 3D.
TELMAT Industrie SA (France) is a world leader in 3D body
scanning and automated body measurement. The high-
speed 3D digitization process SYMCAD has enabled to scan
and measure more than 800'000 individuals nowadays.
CAD Modelling Ergonomics Srl (Italy) produces tailor
dummies, fit mannequins and anthropometric fashion
dummies for fitting control and the portable 3D full body
scanning system Body-ScanFit

40. Elinvision UAB (Lithuania) designs and produces measuring
and control devices, machine vision systems, 3D laser
scanners, digital dental cameras and software.
Lectra SA (France) is the world leader in integrated
technology solutions (software, CAD/CAM hardware,
services) for industries using textiles to manufacture their
products. Lectra will demonstrate Modaris V7, the apparel
pattern-making and grading software solution with fully-
integrated 3D virtual prototyping technology.
Tukatech Inc. (USA) provides pattern making, grading and
marker making software, 3D apparel prototyping systems
and manufacturing equipment.
corpus.e AG (Germany) designs 3D imaging and 3D
scanning systems. At the conference exhibition, corpus.e will
demonstrate its 3D foot scanning and measurement system
lightbeam, based on the patented MagicalSkin technology.

41.  1. Nub3D, Dimensional inspection of turbine blades,
http://www.nub3d.com/english/aplicaciones03.htm (accessed
12/19/2005).
 2. A. Bellmann, T. Suthau, S. Stoinski, A. Friedrich, O. Hellwich, H.-C.
Gunga, 3D-Modelling of dinosaurs, Proc. of the 7th conference on
Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques, Vienna, Austria, October 3-5,
2005.
 3. R. Heintz, H. Fahrner, G. Bono, R. Van Cauter,Inspection of plastic
tool housings at the speed of light,
http://www.metris.com/en/html/successtories/AtlasCopco Article
_ENG.pdf (accessed 12/19/2005).
 4. 3Shape, D-200 Dental 3D scanner, http://www.3shape.com(accessed
12/19/2005).
 5. N. D'Apuzzo, Digitization of the human body in the present-day
economy , in: Beraldin, J.-A., El-Hakim, S.F., Gruen, A., W alton, J.S.
(Eds.), Videometrics VIII, Proc. of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE
Vol. 5665, San Jose (CA), USA, 2004, pp. 252-259

42. 6. Visionix, Visionix 3D iView, The world's first commercial 3D virtual-try-
on system for eyewear,
Human Body Measurement Newsletter, Vol.1, Nr.2, September
2005,http://www.homometrica.ch/en/indexnews.html
(accessed 12/19/2005).
7. J.-M. Surville, Advances in 3D acquisition, Proc. of 3D modelling 2005,
September 27-28, 2005, Paris, France.
8. Diers, Optical stato-dyamical spine analysis and posture measurement
system: formetric 3D/4D,
http://www.diers.de/english/measurement/formetric/formetric.htm(acce
ssed 12/19/2005).
9. Helmick and Schechter Sculpture, Jurisprudents,
http://www.handsart.net/jurisprudents.html(accessed 12/19/2005).
10. N. D'Apuzzo, Grand Odyssey, the film where spectators star in, Human
Body Measurement Newsletter, Vol.1, Nr.1,
April 2005, http://www.homometrica.ch/en/indexnews

43. Thank you