A photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity using solar panels. The basic components are solar panels, an inverter to convert DC to AC power, electrical wiring, and sometimes batteries for storage. Roof-mounted PV systems are increasingly popular for grid-tied homes, where excess power generated can be sent to the utility grid and power can flow back from the utility when solar power is insufficient. Case studies can use software to estimate costs and energy production for different locations based on factors like sunlight hours.

1. ROOF TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEMS
Oytun Tuğçe TÜRKAN

2. WHAT IS PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY?
 This energy is the electric energy that produced from sunlight.
 The process involves no moving parts or fluids, consumes no
materials, utilizes solid-state technology, and is completely
selfcontained.

3. WHAT IS PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY?
 The primary concern for emergency responders with
these systems, is the presence of electrical components
and circuitry that present an electrical shock hazard.

4. Basic components
 The basic components of a photovoltaic system include the
photovoltaic unit that captures the sun’s energy, and inverter that
converts the electrical power from DC to AC, electrical conduit and
other electrical system components, and in some cases a storage
battery. At the heart of the system is the unit, that is actually
capturing the sun’s electromagnetic energy in the form of light.

5. TYPES OF SOLAR PANELS
Mono-crystal, Poli-crystal:High cost, high
efficiency.
Amorphous & Thin Film :Low cost,low efficiency.

6. ADVANTAGES
 Inexhaustible source of energy,
 Can not affected by the economic crisis,
 Does not require complex technology,
 Very low operating costs,
 There is no transmission problem,
 Has no harmful residues such as sulfur or radiation.

7. WORLD SOLAR ENERGY MAP

8. TURKEY SOLAR ENERGY MAP

9. DESIGN OF SYSTEM
 To generate electricity from solar energy, batteries,
battery charge controller, inverter and electronic circuits
will be installed .

10. DESIGN OF SYSTEM
 Number of solar panels are determined by the desired
amount of energy.
 When the sun is not enough, battery pack is included in
the system to remain energized.
 The battery charger is used to prevent damage from
excessive charge and discharge of the battery.

11. WORKING PRINCIPLE

12. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 They are devices that convert solar radiation into electrical
energy.
 Efficiencies is between 15-20% , although vary according to
the type of panel.

13.  In Turkey, sunshine duration; 5 hours in winter, 7 hours
in autumn and 11 hours in summer.

14. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 Most PV modules used in roofing applications are
composed of groups of crystalline silicon solar cells
encapsulated in a clear, UV-resistant plastic to protect the
cells from moisture in the environment.

15. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 PV modules often employ an aluminum frame to
provide a means of attachment to a structure.

16. ROOF TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 Roof-mounted PV systems have historically been used in
remote locations where utility power was unavailable.

17. ROOF TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 Today, grid-tied systems are increasingly popular. Grid-tied
systems consist of PV modules, an inverter, and miscellaneous
components such as wiring, mounting hardware, electrical
boxes, disconnects, and fuses.

18. ROOF TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 The AC power from the inverter is connected directly to
the utility grid. When the system generates more power
than is being used at the site, the excess power can flow
to the utility, turning the utility meter backwards.

19. ROOF TYPE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
 If there is not enough solar power being generated to
meet the building’s demand at any time, power flows
from the utility. Because utility power is available as a
backup source of power, no batteries are required for
energy storage.

20. CASE STUDY/COST ANALYSIS
 First consider we will construct in Muğla, and I will use
the “pvsyst 4.37” programme to estimate costs.

21. CASE STUDY/COST ANALYSIS
 If we enter parameters we need, summer months has
more energy production.

22. CASE STUDY/COST ANALYSIS
 Here we estimate the kw/h cost of electric energy:

23.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING.
 QUESTIONS AND REMARKS?