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1. After gaining independence in the early 1800s, many Latin American countries struggled with poverty, political instability, and dependence on foreign nations for investment and trade. 2. The U.S. came to dominate economic and political affairs in Latin America through policies like the Monroe Doctrine, interventions in countries like Cuba and Panama, and the Roosevelt Corollary, which authorized U.S. policing of the Western Hemisphere. 3. This growing U.S. influence in Latin America in the late 1800s and early 1900s established America as the dominant power in the region.
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The document discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy from isolationism to imperialism around 1900. It provides background on early U.S. isolationism and the Monroe Doctrine before examining the rise of imperialist sentiment in the 1880s-1890s due to economic, political, and social factors. Beliefs in manifest destiny, industrial growth, and overproduction helped make the case for imperialism, while acquiring new markets and resources abroad was seen as a solution to economic issues at home.
Latin America – US relationship
The presentation exposes key foreign policies strategies that the USA has practiced towards Latin America from the 19th century until the 21st century.
History of the US - Gr2NA3.pptx
1. The document outlines major events and periods in American history from the colonial era to the late 20th century.
2. It discusses the establishment of English colonies in North America in the 1600s, the American Revolution and founding of the United States in the late 18th century, the Civil War and slavery in the mid-19th century, and the country's rise as an industrial power at the end of the 19th century.
3. The 20th century saw events like the Progressive Era, US entry into World War I and World War II, the Great Depression, and the Cold War period following World War II.
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The United States initially followed an isolationist policy in the early 19th century as it focused on domestic development. However, American leaders began to see the European powers and Japan expanding their colonial empires. This led to growing support for U.S. imperialism and expansionism in the late 19th century. The U.S. sought to expand its strategic and economic influence, especially in the Caribbean and Pacific regions. Supporters like Senator Henry Cabot Lodge argued for building an isthmian canal and controlling territories like Hawaii and Samoa to gain influence over Pacific trade routes. The U.S. also intervened in Cuba's war for independence from Spain in order to prevent European powers from controlling the island. The Platt
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This document summarizes an essay about American imperialism between 1875-1925. It discusses how expansionism, industrialization, immigration, and social/political reforms like Progressivism contributed to America's development as an imperial power during this era. Westward expansion displaced Native Americans. Later, the US annexed Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines following the Spanish-American War in 1898.
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1. In the late 18th century, Creole elites in Latin America began revolting against Spanish and Portuguese rule, influenced by the ideals of the American Revolution.
2. Miguel Hidalgo led an early revolt in Mexico in 1810, though he was defeated and executed. Other liberation leaders like San Martin and Bolivar helped liberate much of South America in the 1810s-1820s.
3. After independence, many new nations struggled with strongman rulers called caudillos and economic domination by wealthy landowners exporting raw materials. This continued the economic dependence on Western nations despite political independence.
How the Americas Change: The Long 19th Century
The document discusses several topics related to the history of the Americas in the 19th century:
1) Chinese immigrants migrated to the US in the mid-19th century to mine for gold, leading to mass migration and economic growth. Slavery ended after the Civil War.
2) Canada repelled US incursions during the War of 1812, giving Canadians a sense of national pride. John A. Macdonald helped unite British North America and expand Canada's infrastructure.
3) Latin America experienced instability, conflict, and lack of representation throughout the 19th century. The Mexican Revolution addressed peasants' and workers' concerns.
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28-2 Powerpoint
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28-3 Powerpoint
- 1. 28-3: U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
- 2. Latin America After Independence
- 3. Effects of Independence No unity Feuds among leaders Geographic barriers More poverty Political instability Social hierarchy continues Conservative / Liberal Divide Conservatives favor social order Liberals want land reform Dependence of foreign nations for capital and for economic investments
- 4. Latin America can’t unify Disunity Failure of Bolivar’s dream Many newly independent countries struggle with civil wars By 1830s, geographic factors (mountains, the Amazon, etc.) plus cultural differences defeated attempts at unification Gran Colombia United Provinces of Central America
- 5. Cycle of Poverty“Rich get richer, poor get poorer” Rich get richer: Landowners bought land seized by new government, got wealthier Unequal distribution of land Peonage: use of laborers bound in servitude because of debt Large landowners paid workers in vouchers (for the landowners store) Prices higher than vouchers Workers go into debt; debt is passed down
- 6. Political Instability Caudillos Dictators who were popular generals held power Supported by upper classes Rule by bribery, patronage, and force By 1830, nearly all countries ruled by caudillos Little opposition to caudillos Democracy was not part of colonial heritage
- 7. ECONOMIES GROW UNDER FOREIGN INFLUENCE
- 8. Economic Development Colonies were only allowed to trade with “mother countries” (Mexico trades with Spain, etc.) Great Britain and U.S. become key post-colonial trading partners
- 9. Old Products and New Markets Trade continued to be more exports than imports Increase in exports Steamships, railroads, refrigeration, meat, and produce Industry did not develop on big scale
- 10. Outside Investment and Interference Investment not made to help people Not building roads, schools, or hospitals Loans were made by wealthy nations High interest rates! Debt Unable to pay loans Drain on Latin American economy Foreigners gained control over much of Latin American economy
- 11. United States and Latin America
- 12. U.S. Dominate Affairs in Americas 1823 Monroe Doctrine US takes Texas and Mexican cession (28.4) U.S. gains independence for Cuba Roosevelt Corollary U.S. sent troops to Cuba, Haiti, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua U.S. built Panama Canal
- 13. Monroe Doctrine (1823) Europeans not allowed to colonize in the Americas Great Britain supports this policy European colonization in western hemisphere = attack on U.S.
- 14. How does the Monroe Doctrine look in practice?Example: Cuba
- 15. Cuba Cuba tried to get independence from Spain war from 1868-78 José Martí Cuban writer who was exiled for calls for independence Died in battle in Cuba 1895
- 16. Spanish-American War U.S. intervene (backed by Monroe Doctrine) 4 month war U.S. and Cuba vs. Spain U.S. defeated Spain in 1898 Cuba became independent… BUT was ruled by a dictator who was installed by U.S. U.S. gains: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain
- 18. A man a plan a canal Panama
- 19. Panama Canal Canal would cut the 13,000 mile trip in half Attempted by the French in 1880s, but they fail
- 20. Theodore Roosevelt President from 1901-1909 Offers Colombia $$ to build canal; Colombia wants more Supports Panama’s revolution for independence from Colombia (won in 1903) In exchange for support, Panama gives U.S. strip of land to build canal
- 21. U.S. Motives for Building Canal? MONEY (economic interest) POWER (strategic interest)
- 22. Building the Canal Built by U.S. over 10 years Cost $380 million Opened in 1914 Labor force averaged 40,000 men Massive machines Workers dug up more than 200 million cubic yards of earth
- 23. Problems in Building the Canal Mosquitoes – yellow fever, malaria Combated with nets and spraying Rats – bubonic plague Heat Flooding Many deaths Frequent landslides Culebra Cut 9-mile long stretch through Panama continental divide Difficult to get through
- 24. Canal Facts 51-mile trip through canal takes 8-10 hours Canal handles over 13,000 ships a year from 70 nations carrying 192 million short tons of cargo Panama took control of canal on 12/31/99
- 25. Roosevelt Corollary U.S. needs to protect economic interest in Latin America Roosevelt declares that U.S. would be international police power in western hemisphere “Walk softly and carry a big stick”
- 26. How does the Roosevelt Corollary differ from the Monroe Doctrine? Monroe Doctrine – meant to discourage European intervention in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary – authorizes U.S. intervention without any European involvement
- 28. Increasing U.S. PowerThe “Colossus of the North” United States sent troops to several nations in the early 1900s U.S. forces entered Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Cuba to restore civil order U.S. took control of finances in those countries – need to prevent financial chaos Use Roosevelt Corollary to become more involved in Latin American affairs