Astronomers use tools like telescopes, satellites, spacecraft, and the Hubble Space Telescope to observe and study the universe. Telescopes allow astronomers to see objects in different wavelengths of light and bring more light into focus than the human eye. Satellites are used to observe wavelengths blocked by the Earth's atmosphere and to obtain close-up observations of objects in space. Spacecraft like probes provide a way to study objects in our solar system up close and sometimes land on surfaces. Spinoffs from NASA technology have led to benefits for commercial industries and medicine.

1. The Sun-Earth-Moon
System
Chapter 28

2. Think-Pair-Share
• What do astronomers do?
• How does astronomy relate to your
daily life?
• What do you observe in the sky?

3. Tools of Astronomy
SECTION 28.1

4. Radiation

5. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation

6. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies

7. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies
• wavelength - distance b/w peaks on a wave

8. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies
• wavelength - distance b/w peaks on a wave
• frequency - # of waves/oscillations per
second

9. Mathematical Relationship
c = λf
• c = speed of light (3.0 x 108 m/s)
• λ = wavelength (m)
• f = frequency (Hz)

10. Examples

11. Examples
• f = 108 Hz λ=?

12. Examples
• f = 108 Hz λ=?
• If light has a wavelength is 10-10 m,
what is the frequency of its wave.

13. Telescopes

14. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:

15. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths

16. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye

17. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye
• allows astronomers to use specialized
equipment

18. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye
• allows astronomers to use specialized
equipment
• can be used to make time exposures w/ aid of
cameras or other imaging devices

19. Types of Telescopes

20. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:

21. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting

22. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting

23. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting
• majority used

24. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting
• majority used
• most located @ observatories @ high
elevations

25. Refracting Telescope
• refracting telescope - uses lenses to bring visible
light to a focus

26. Reflecting Telescope
• reflecting telescope - uses mirrors to bring visible
light to a focus

27. Telescopes cont...

28. Telescopes cont...
• interferometry - process of linking
separate telescopes together so they act
as one telescope

29. Telescopes cont...
• interferometry - process of linking
separate telescopes together so they act
as one telescope
• detailed image improves as distance
b/w telescope increases

30. Satellites

31. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information

32. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays

33. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays
• to obtain close up observations

34. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays
• to obtain close up observations
• obtain samples from nearby objects

35. Satellite

36. Hubble Space Telescope

37. Hubble Space Telescope
• one of best-known space observatories

38. Hubble Space Telescope
• one of best-known space observatories
• designed to obtain sharp, visible images w/
out atmospheric interference and make
observations in infrared and ultraviolet
wavelengths

39. Hubble Telescope

40. Spacecraft

41. Spacecraft
• robotic probes make close-up observations and
sometimes land to collect information

42. Spacecraft
• robotic probes make close-up observations and
sometimes land to collect information
• practical only for objects in our solar system

43. Human Space-Flight

44. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space

45. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space
• long-term effects studied in space stations

46. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space
• long-term effects studied in space stations
• International Space Station

47. I.S.S.

48. Spinoffs

49. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use

50. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use
• cordless tools

51. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use
• cordless tools
• pumps in artificial hearts