The document discusses key events in the development of the Cold War between 1945-1973, including: 1. The Yalta Conference in 1945 agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones and invited the USSR to join the UN on the condition they allow free elections in Eastern Europe. 2. The Marshall Plan provided $15 billion in aid to rebuild Western Europe from 1948-1952 to counter Soviet influence. 3. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 saw the US impose a naval blockade on Cuba after Soviet nuclear missiles were discovered on the island, leading to their removal in exchange for the US dismantling missile sites in Turkey. 4. US involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under Kennedy and Johnson, but

1. 1945 1. Yalta agrees to split Germany into 4 zones of occupation.
2. Yalta: Russia invited to join UN.
3. Yalta: Russia agrees to free elections for Eastern Europe.
4. Yalta: USSR agreed to support America in Japan once Germany was
defeated
1948 5. Marshall plan gave 15 billion in European aid over 4 years
1948 6. Berlin Blockade 318 days
7. 1.5 million tonnes
1954 8. After French defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu peace treaty is signed
splitting Vietnam in two and promising free elections and US promises
South $100 million .
1962 9. Number of ‘Military advisors in Vietnam increased from 700 to 12,000 by
Kennedy.
10. Oct Kennedy imposes a Naval blockade on Cuba
11. Range ofSoviet R14 medium range missiles in Cuba was 4500km
12. Nov US missile sites in Turkey were dismantled
1963 13. Robert Kennedy interputed JFK in a meeting to say "Jesus Christ! no news
picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that
one." About the photograph he had just seen of Thich Quang Duc’s self-
immolation.[
1964 14. Khruschev forced to resign as leader
1968 15. Tet offensive 45,000 North Vietnamese casualties,
16. 1 month later Secretary of defence told president Johnson that the war
couldn’t be won and President Johnson then announced on TV he wanted
peace.
1968 17. 109 victims of My Lai Massacre
1969 18. Peace negotiations start in Paris
l970 19. Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of Kent State University
demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine students.
20.The impact of the shootings was dramatic. The event triggered a
nationwide student strike that forced hundreds of colleges and
universities to close.
1971 21. Washington demonstration Anti Vietnam War 12,000 out of 300,000 were
arrested
1973 22.America signed Paris peace agreement and left Vietnam
23.8000 miles distance from Vietnam to America
24.58,000 US deaths in Vietnam
25.Equivalent cost to kill one enemy in Vietnam was $140,000

2. 1920’s
Good
Times
1. 1 in 5 Americans owned a car (made affordable by mass production – in 1925 1 was being
built every 10 seconds).
2. 8/10 cars were brought on Hire Purchase Credit.
3. Republican policies encouraged the boom, these included: laisse faire attitude to the
economy, low taxes and allowing monopolies eg Rockerfeller.
4. 100 million cinema tickets were being sold each week in 1930.
1920’s
Bad
Times
5. Each farmer was producing enough to feed his family and 14 others in the 1920’s.
6. Farm prices fell 50% in 1921
7. The population of the US was falling and cheaper Canadian wheat was being produced.
8. Al Capone made $60 million each year from his illegal speakeasies.
Tolera
nce
9. Twice as many women got divorced in 1929 as in 1919 (up to 200,000)
10. Women were allowed to drink and smoke in public – the ‘flappers’ emerged.
11. Although Scopes lost his trial, there were no further prosecutions under this law – he
won the moral argument.
12. Nov US missile sites in Turkey were dismantled
Intoler
ance
13. 4.5 million KKK members in 1924
14. The Red Scare saw 60,000 people have files built up on them by the FBI. Only 556 had
any basis in fact (10,000 people deported!)
15. Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927 despite clearly being innocent. The judge
called them ‘anarchist bastards’.
16. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined $100.
Wall
Street
Crash
(1929)
17. 600,000 speculators on the Stock Exchange.
18. By 1933 14 million workers were unemployed (80% in Toledo)
19. WWI veterans march on Washington to ask for their war bonus (pension) to be paid
early. General MacArthur sends in the police and burns the camps down. Hoover stands
by MacArthur.
20. Roosevelt wanted to do something compared to Hoover’s ‘prosperity is just around the
corner’ line. Roosevelt travelled some 16,500 KM to drum up support, he gave 16 major
speeches.
The
New
Deal
21. The CCC gave 2.5 million unemployed young men jobs for a period of 6 months. They
planted trees etc in National Parks.
22. The NRA improved conditions in the workplace. Over 2 million employers voluntarily
signed up to the scheme.
23. In 1935 the Supreme court overturned the NRA prosecution of the Schechter Poultry
Company (done for poor working conditions and practices). Roosevelt asked for the
power to appoint 6 more Supreme Court judges. This made people think that he was
acting like a dictator.
24. Huey Long felt that the New Deal wasn’t doing enough. He proposed ‘Share Our Wealth’,
capping personal fortunes at $3 million and providing free washing machines and radios
to the over 60’s.
25. Republicans didn’t like the regulations and codes for the New Deal (eg the NRA) and
wanted it ended. However, Roosevelt won the 1936 election by 27 million votes – clearly
the people supported him!