The document summarizes the major developments in European imperialism in the late 1800s, including the unification of Italy and Germany, the scramble for colonies in Africa sparked by the Berlin Conference of 1884, and expansion by European powers into Asia, the Middle East, and other parts of the world. This new wave of imperialism saw formal colonization and division of territories, unlike previous empires, and was driven by shifting power dynamics in Europe and competition between European nations.

2. The New Imperialism
• Today we will:
• Look at global imperialism
• What was happening in Europe across the 1800s?
• How did the imperialism of this period develop?
• How was this different than previous imperialism?
• How was the US involved in European imperialism?
• The US in global imperialism
• Next time we will:
• Continue with American imperialism
• Discuss the test
• Start the Progressive Era

3. Europe in the mid-to-late 1800s
• 1848
• France becomes a Republic again (for a while)
• Elect Louis Napoleon to presidency
• In 1852 declares himself Napoleon III, rules until 1870
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies gets a new constitution
• Revolts in Vienna begin to bring more regional control in Austrian Empire
• Revolts have to be suppressed with Russian Imperial help
• Hungary briefly gets their own parliament
• Slavic Congress disbanded at gunpoint in Prague
• Revolts in Prussia result in a constitution
• Frankfurt Assembly occurs, calling for a unification of German lands

5. Unification of Italy
• Italy
• Piedmont-Sardinia helps Lombardy and
Venezia shake Austrian dominance,
adding Lombardy to their territory (1859)
• Then moves south into smaller kingdoms
and Papal States
• Garibaldi (who was Piedmontese) takes
control of Sicily, then advances to Naples
• P-S armies and Garibaldi’s troops meet in
1860, join forces. Kingdom of Italy is
formed (except for Roma, and Venezia)
• Venezia joins in 1866, Roma joins in 1870
• Under a Constitutional Monarchy
• Leaves only the Vatican City

6. Unification of
Germany
Prussia
Austria

7. Unification of Germany (cont.)
• Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor
• Prussia begins small, gradual military
advancement into smaller German kingdoms.
• This upsets Austrian rulers, and the two
powers clash (1866).
• Prussia wins, annexes areas in red, orange
areas join Prussia in confederation (1867).
• In 1871 form German Empire by adding
Bavaria and other S. German states.
• This upsets France, they clash, Prussia wins,
gets Alsace-Lorraine.

9. European Imperialism
• How would the unification of Italy and Germany affect the British
Empire, France, and the Russian Empire?
• How had the balance of power in Europe shifted?
• What had imperialism looked like before the late 1800s?
• What was the relationship between the colony and the center?
• Who had been the main European empires globally before now?

10. India
• Starts as mostly commercial holdings along the coast
• British East India Company expands inland
• After rebellions in 1857-1858 the British Government takes control
from the EIC
• Queen becomes Empress of India
• Throughout, Indian Princes still exist, principalities answer to Queen
• Country is run by Indian Civil Service
• Large territory with expansive resources
• Industrialization expands, railroads, canals built

12. Africa prior to 1876
What do you notice? Why is that important?
How do you think the shifts in Europe might
change this?

13. Scramble for Africa
• European states begin expanding further
into Africa.
• France into Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
• Britain into Egypt
• Suez Canal had been completed
in 1869. French and British
shareholders (mostly).
• Italy into the Horn of Africa, Libya
• This was all at the detriment of the
Ottoman Empire.
• Belgian King Leopold II sponsors Henry
Morton Stanley in an expedition to set up
a commercial colony in the Congo
(“owned” by Leopold II).
• These developments set off a "scramble"
to claim all of the territory in Africa not
already controlled.
• To avoid wars, Otto von Bismarck calls the
Berlin Conference.

14. Berlin Conference (1884)
• Attended by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Ottoman
Empire, Portugal, Spain, and Britain
• But also US, Sweden, Russia, Denmark, and Austria-Hungary
• Attempted to make it more appealing to people by committing to fully end
the slave trade
• Side note: Yes, slavery was still happening, Brazil did not end slavery until 1888.
• In reality, European powers deciding how to divide up Africa
• Leaves Congo a free commercial zone, the remainder of the continent is
now under European "control" except for Liberia and Ethiopia

15. Imperialism in Asia (Russia)

17. Imperialism in Asia (cont.)
• Chinese Territory
• First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
• For influence over Korea
• Japanese defeat the Chinese
• Assert influence over Manchuria, Korea, and
Taiwan
• Gain some territory in Manchuria
• Russia expands into Manchuria (from far Eastern
Siberia)
• Japan sees this as a threat to their interests and sphere
of influence
• Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905
• Elsewhere in China
• British, French, and German companies establish
lucrative trade spheres
• Japanese were the only non-European power to expand
their empire during this period

18. The Middle East

19. Final Thoughts
• Take out a sheet of paper
• Write your name on it.
• Seeing what imperialism looks like, was (is) the United States an empire?
• Turn it in on your way out.
• For next time:
• Read Chapter 20 (if you haven’t already)
• See you next time