2.3 Notes
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Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance changes into a different substance through chemical reactions. Common chemical properties include flammability, which is a substance's ability to burn, and reactivity, which is how readily it combines with other substances. Chemical changes can be identified by a change in color, production of a gas, or formation of a precipitate, and result in a change to the composition of the substance.
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Changing matter
There are two types of matter changes: physical changes and chemical changes. Physical changes alter the physical properties of matter without changing its chemical composition, such as changes in state from solid to liquid to gas. Chemical changes form new chemical substances through rearrangement of atoms, such as burning or rusting. Chemical changes are identified through evidence like gas formation, color change, or energy transfer, and matter is conserved before and after the reaction according to the law of conservation of mass.
Chemistry Unit 2 Part 2 - Changes in Matter
This document discusses physical and chemical changes in matter and provides examples to help students understand the key differences:
- Physical changes alter the physical properties of a substance without changing its chemical composition, such as changes of state between solid, liquid and gas, or cutting and crushing.
- Chemical changes involve chemical reactions that alter the molecular structure and create new substances, like rusting, burning, or digestion.
- The rock cycle and digestion process involve both physical changes (breaking rocks or movement through the digestive system) and chemical changes (chemical weathering or digestion of food).
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A physical change alters an object's physical properties like shape, size, or state but does not change its chemical composition. A chemical change produces new substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Evidence of a chemical change includes changes in odor, color, temperature, or formation of gases. There are four main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement.
Changes
Physical changes alter a material's properties but do not change its identity, such as cutting paper. Chemical changes convert one or more substances into different substances with new characteristic properties, like digestion breaking down food or burning fuel. Chemical properties determine if and how a material reacts with other materials or energy, which can be observed through experiments noting evidence of chemical changes including color changes, gas evolution, energy transfers, and precipitates forming.
Brittney Oglesby/5th period
Chemical and Physical Change describes the differences between chemical and physical changes. A chemical change occurs when a substance is transformed into a new substance with different properties, while a physical change only alters the physical properties without changing the identity of the substance. The document provides examples of a log burning to ash as a chemical change, and ice melting to liquid water as a physical change.
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The document contains questions about physical and chemical changes. It defines physical changes as changes that alter the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical makeup, such as evaporation, melting, and freezing. Chemical changes result in new substances with different chemical properties, as occurs during burning or corrosion. A physical change also maintains the original substances, while a chemical change creates new ones.
Physical change or chemical change
A physical change can be reversed and only alters the shape or form of the material, while a chemical change produces new substances that cannot be reversed back to the original forms. Toasting bread and burning wood are examples of chemical changes, as the original substances cannot be recovered, while shaping clay into pots is a physical change since it remains clay just in a different shape. Determining if a change is physical or chemical is not always clear cut and may require microscopic examination in some cases.
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The document discusses the different states of matter and types of changes that matter can undergo. Picture A represents atoms/molecules in a gas state, with significant distance between particles. Picture B represents atoms/molecules in a liquid state, with some structure and movement of particles. Picture C represents atoms/molecules in a solid state, with a definite shape and volume occupied by tightly packed particles. A physical change alters the appearance of matter without forming new substances, while a chemical change produces new materials through rearrangement of atoms. Energy is either absorbed or released during chemical changes like chemical reactions.
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A physical change alters an object's physical properties like shape, size, or state but does not change its chemical composition. A chemical change produces new substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Evidence of a chemical change includes changes in odor, color, temperature, or formation of gases. There are four main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement.
Changes
Physical changes alter a material's properties but do not change its identity, such as cutting paper. Chemical changes convert one or more substances into different substances with new characteristic properties, like digestion breaking down food or burning fuel. Chemical properties determine if and how a material reacts with other materials or energy, which can be observed through experiments noting evidence of chemical changes including color changes, gas evolution, energy transfers, and precipitates forming.
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The document contains questions about physical and chemical changes. It defines physical changes as changes that alter the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical makeup, such as evaporation, melting, and freezing. Chemical changes result in new substances with different chemical properties, as occurs during burning or corrosion. A physical change also maintains the original substances, while a chemical change creates new ones.
Physical change or chemical change
A physical change can be reversed and only alters the shape or form of the material, while a chemical change produces new substances that cannot be reversed back to the original forms. Toasting bread and burning wood are examples of chemical changes, as the original substances cannot be recovered, while shaping clay into pots is a physical change since it remains clay just in a different shape. Determining if a change is physical or chemical is not always clear cut and may require microscopic examination in some cases.
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The document discusses the different states of matter and types of changes that matter can undergo. Picture A represents atoms/molecules in a gas state, with significant distance between particles. Picture B represents atoms/molecules in a liquid state, with some structure and movement of particles. Picture C represents atoms/molecules in a solid state, with a definite shape and volume occupied by tightly packed particles. A physical change alters the appearance of matter without forming new substances, while a chemical change produces new materials through rearrangement of atoms. Energy is either absorbed or released during chemical changes like chemical reactions.
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Stars form from dense regions in nebulae where dust and gases heat up and contract to form a protostar with enough mass for nuclear fusion to begin. Most stars will spend around 90% of their life as a main sequence star stably fusing hydrogen into helium. A star's mass determines its place on the main sequence, with smaller, cooler red stars living the longest. Lower mass stars eventually become white dwarfs as their cores grow without outward pressure, while higher mass stars explode as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes if the core is massive enough for its surface gravity to trap even light.
Ch 26 2 characteristics of stars
Stars have common characteristics including size, mass, color, temperature, and brightness. Size ranges from neutron stars the size of a city to supergiant stars 1000 times the size of the sun. Composition is primarily hydrogen and helium. Color indicates surface temperature from red stars at 3,000 K to blue-white stars at 50,000 K. Brightness depends on size, temperature, and distance from Earth. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude and surface temperature for stars.
Ch 26-1 The sun
The document summarizes key aspects of energy from the sun and its atmospheric features. The sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions in its core that convert hydrogen into helium. This outward pressure is balanced by the sun's inward gravitational force, maintaining stability. The sun's atmosphere has three layers - the visible photosphere, the middle chromosphere, and the outer corona containing hot gases that flow out as solar winds. Sunspots, prominences, and solar flares are prominent atmospheric features.
Ch 24 2
The document discusses the Earth's rotation and revolution and how they cause day/night and seasons. The Earth rotates on its axis over 24 hours, causing day and night. It revolves around the sun over 365.25 days, causing the seasons. The tilt of the Earth's 23.5 degree tilted axis relative to the sun as it orbits results in the sun being closer to the north or south tropic line during different parts of the year, bringing our summer and winter. Solstices occur when the sun is directly overhead the tropic lines, with the longest and shortest days of the year, and equinoxes occur when the sun is directly above the equator.
Ch 24 3 solar energy & wind
The document discusses different sources of renewable energy and atmospheric winds. It explains that solar energy comes from the sun and can be reflected, absorbed by the atmosphere or Earth's surface. Energy is transferred through radiation, convection and conduction. Winds are caused by differences in air pressure and temperature, and include local sea and land breezes as well as global winds like prevailing winds and monsoons, which are large-scale variations of land and sea breezes between seasons.
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2.3 Notes
- 1. CH 2-3 Chemical Properties Can only be observed when a substance is changing into a different substance.