2282_9W1_ENGL_143_0001_W000 - STDS IN RHETORICAL THEORY - O - W000 (OCTOBER 2014 0001) 5.2 - Submit Midterm Research Paper William Lloyd on Fri, Nov 21 2014, 8:49 AM 51% match Submission ID: 61838904 · Lloyd_Midterm.docx Word Count: 1,761 Attachment ID: 82271100 51% Citations (8/8) 1. 1Another student's paper 2. 2http://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-literature/aristotles-definition-of-rhetoric-english-literature-essay.php 3. 3Another student's paper 4. 4Another student's paper 5. 5Another student's paper 6. 6Another student's paper 7. 7Another student's paper 8. 8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy Running Header: ARISTOTLE’S VIEW ON RHETORIC AND DIALECTIC 1 ARISTOTLE’S VIEW ON RHETORIC AND DIALECTIC 2 Aristotle’s View on Rhetoric and Dialectic William Lloyd Pamela Swan ENGL 143 / Studies in Rhetorical Theory 11/21/14 Abstract: Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ability to see that which is possibly persuasive in each given case (Herrick, 2009). According to Aristotle’s definition rhetoric ability comes about when an individual has purposed in it from the beginning. 1 There are differences between rhetoric and dialectic.2 Rhetoric uses continuous exposition whereas dialectic proceeds by way of question and answer and only the logical arguments are used.3 In modern politics rhetoric is used similarly as used in the ancient times of Aristotle.The rhetoric art in ancient time was used in courts of law.People applied rhetoric to win cases in courts of justice.2 This is evident in many governments and countries in the world which have found the ancient Greece political structure useful and meaningful. Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ability to see that which is possibly persuasive in each given case (Herrick, 2009). This implied that if a rhetorician would be in a situation the same as that of a physician where each would have to carefully choose what is desirable; the rhetorician would have thorough grasp of his method when he discovers all the available ways of persuasion, though he might not convince everyone. According to Aristotle’s definition rhetoric ability comes about when an individual has purposed in it from the beginning. 1 There are differences between rhetoric and dialectic.2 Rhetoric uses continuous exposition whereas dialectic proceeds by way of question and answer and only the logical arguments are used.4 Another difference is that, dialectic deals with general questions whereas rhetoric deals with practical questions (Aristotle, 2007). 5 Aristotle stressed that rhetoric is related to dialectic.He offered several formulae to describe the relationship between rhetoric and dialectic. 5 First, Aristotle said that rhetoric is a counterpart to dialectic.Secondly, he called rhetoric an outgrowth of dialectic and the study of character.Thirdly, Aristotle argued that rhetoric is part of dialectic and resembles it.When Aristotle argued that rhetoric is a counterpart to dialectic, he alluded to Plato’s Gorgias, where rhetoric was ir.

1. 2282_9W1_ENGL_143_0001_W000 - STDS IN RHETORICAL
THEORY - O - W000 (OCTOBER 2014 0001)
5.2 - Submit Midterm Research Paper
William Lloyd on Fri, Nov 21 2014, 8:49 AM
51% match
Submission ID: 61838904
· Lloyd_Midterm.docx
Word Count: 1,761
Attachment ID: 82271100
51%
Citations (8/8)
1. 1Another student's paper
2. 2http://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-
literature/aristotles-definition-of-rhetoric-english-literature-
essay.php
3. 3Another student's paper
4. 4Another student's paper
5. 5Another student's paper
6. 6Another student's paper
7. 7Another student's paper
8. 8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy
Running Header:
ARISTOTLE’S VIEW ON RHETORIC AND DIALECTIC 1
ARISTOTLE’S VIEW ON RHETORIC AND DIALECTIC 2
Aristotle’s View on Rhetoric and Dialectic William Lloyd
Pamela Swan ENGL 143 / Studies in Rhetorical Theory
11/21/14
Abstract:
Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ability to see that which is
possibly persuasive in each given case (Herrick, 2009).

2. According to Aristotle’s definition rhetoric ability comes about
when an individual has purposed in it from the
beginning. 1 There are differences between rhetoric and
dialectic.2 Rhetoric uses continuous exposition whereas
dialectic proceeds by way of question and answer and only the
logical arguments are used.3 In modern politics rhetoric is used
similarly as used in the ancient times of Aristotle.The rhetoric
art in ancient time was used in courts of law.People applied
rhetoric to win cases in courts of justice.2 This is evident in
many governments and countries in the world which have found
the ancient Greece political structure useful and meaningful.
Aristotle defined rhetoric as the ability to see that which is
possibly persuasive in each given case (Herrick, 2009). This
implied that if a rhetorician would be in a situation the same as
that of a physician where each would have to carefully choose
what is desirable; the rhetorician would have thorough grasp of
his method when he discovers all the available ways of
persuasion, though he might not convince everyone. According
to Aristotle’s definition rhetoric ability comes about when an
individual has purposed in it from the beginning. 1 There are
differences between rhetoric and dialectic.2 Rhetoric uses
continuous exposition whereas dialectic proceeds by way of
question and answer and only the logical arguments are
used.4 Another difference is that, dialectic deals with general
questions whereas rhetoric deals with practical questions
(Aristotle, 2007).
5 Aristotle stressed that rhetoric is related to dialectic.He
offered several formulae to describe the relationship between
rhetoric and dialectic. 5 First, Aristotle said that rhetoric is a
counterpart to dialectic.Secondly, he called rhetoric an
outgrowth of dialectic and the study of character.Thirdly,
Aristotle argued that rhetoric is part of dialectic and resembles
it.When Aristotle argued that rhetoric is a counterpart to
dialectic, he alluded to Plato’s Gorgias, where rhetoric was
ironically said to be a counterpart to cookery in the soul.In his
definition, Plato used ‘antistrophos’ to show an

3. analogy. 5 Dialectic is for academic or private practice of
attacking and maintaining an argument whereas rhetoric is for
public of accusing an opponent or defending oneself.6 This is
according to Aristotle.7 Aristotle divided the art of rhetoric into
distinct categories which include ethos (Aristotle, 1967).
Ethos is derived from the good character of the speaker, and
means showing moral character. 2 During public speaking the
speaker should establish ethos.There three distinct categories of
ethos that are important to a speaker in establishing ethos when
in public speaking.These categories of ethos are; arête which is
the virtue of goodness, phronesis which is the wisdom and
practical skills, and eunoia which is having goodwill towards
the audience (Cooper, 1993).
2 Rhetoric has a big role in the present day politics.Often, the
politicians utilize their rhetoric capability to campaign
effectively. 2 Politicians have the ability to identify that what is
persuasive to the public in order to win their support.Therefore,
rhetoric can either be used to advance something that is good or
bad. 2 Some certain individuals argue vehemently that rhetoric
tools are only required by people whose aim and objective is to
convince people while they hide their real aims.Nonetheless,
this is not true because even the people who require
communicating the truth require rhetorical tools. 2 This is in
line with the modern politics where politicians require using
rhetoric to explain their views to the people.
Politicians utilize rhetoric to evoke emotions in the
people. 2 Normally, politicians use rhetoric to ask and convince
the public to vote for them in the elective positions.Rhetoric is
regarded as non-argumentative way of convincing
people.Nowadays, politicians utilize rhetoric to argue their
cases out (Sen, 1999). 2 In fact, they would want to argue their
acceptance that they will perform well to the people once they
are elected.4 Furthermore, politicians use rhetoric ability to
argue their cases in court, and argue and articulate certain
things on the constitution.2 Therefore, rhetorical art is very
vital in delivering speech to the people.

4. 3 In modern politics rhetoric is used similarly as used in the
ancient times of Aristotle.The rhetoric art in ancient time was
used in courts of law.People applied rhetoric to win cases in
courts of justice.Nowadays rhetoric is used by the defendants in
courts to win their cases.2 In the times of Aristotle, politicians
mainly used rhetoric when coming up with people’s
constitution.The judges in courts also are required to use
rhetoric when making decisions about certain cases on
elaborating what is just and what is unjust.In addition, the
legislators use rhetoric to make decisions on what are
disadvantages or advantages in specific future actions they
undertake. Thus, there are a number of genres of rhetoric that
correspond to a variety of audience. 2 Depending on the
different types of people, there are three genres of rhetoric
(Allen, 2007).
Forensic rhetoric is a type of rhetoric which mainly focuses on
persuading an audience that a specific action undertaken in the
past was just.Deliberative rhetoric is another type of rhetoric
which mainly focuses at making people believe that a specific
future action due to be undertaken will be advantages. 2 Finally,
epideictic rhetoric mainly focuses at making audience see that a
specific subject or person is noble.
In the current society rhetoric is very important since it helps to
perpetuate the cause of justice in the people’s society. 4 For
instance, Martin Luther King used rhetoric to convince and
bring people together during the civil rights movements.At the
time, many people appeared un-convincible using scientific or
logical explanation. Hence, the art of rhetoric was effective in
making persuasive arguments that swayed people`s opinions
(Sen, 1999). Skeptical people require the art of rhetoric so that
a person can be able to deal with malicious arguments. 2 The art
of rhetoric ensures that an individual to argue both sides of a
specific issue.An individual should be in a position to defend
oneself against any verbal attack in a manner similar as to when
is defending oneself against physical attack. 2 These are the
same ways in which rhetoric in ancient times of Aristotle and

5. modern lives are used, but there are a few differences.During
the time of Aristotle rhetoric was the main discipline. 2 It was
majorly taught in Greece where it began with Aristotle.Rhetoric
of ancient depended upon the discussion and the development
brought up by the famous rhetoricians.
The political systems and processes have changed over time and
are completely different from that of Greece during Aristotle’s
time. 2 The ancient Greece consisted of many independent city
states which have no established political system.Despite these,
Greek people had a specific religion, culture and language.The
Greek system of government was a simpler one because it was
fragmented in nature and did not seem to have tribal
alignment. 2 Athenians formed the first democratic government
after the end of tyranny rule.They actually formed a democratic
government to deter aristocracy from regaining power.
After the formation democratic government in Athens, Greece,
other states founded their democracies, though others continued
their traditional system of government.Currently Greece is a
parliamentary republic system of government whose head is the
president. There are mainly two dominant political parties
(Tsipouri&Xanthakis, 2004).This shows how political system
and process has changed over time in many states. Many states
which were led by dictators whose regimes caused suffering to
their subjects, have since attained democracy where the leader
of the government is elected by the citizens directly.
2 The modern political system and process has a wide range of
changes through its evolution since its inception in the ancient
Greece, which had a number of independent states.This was
contrary to many other societies which were governed by
minority people who were the elites of the society. The ancient
Greece had a number of visible characteristics regarding its
foundation of the political culture. 2 The existent political
regions in Greece were divided rivers, hills and
mountains.Furthermore, Greece people were united, had one
goal, one religion, one culture and spoke the same language.All
these describe how various societies looked in the ancient time.

6. Furthermore, the Greece people were sensitive of their origins
and had well established tradition. Other societies knew their
backgrounds and did not attempt to alter the Greek politics.
Ancient Greece had a strong union among its tribes, unlike
other many other ancient societies and even some modern
societies which are very sensitive to tribe political settings.
The Greece political system significantly influenced many to
many states and countries since the ancient times. 2 Many
countries have adopted the political structure similar to that of
Greece.Some states and countries have been quite successful
exactly political structure like that of ancient Greece, but some
are yet to achieve (Tsipouri&Xanthakis, 2004). Many of the
countries that have become successful in adopting ancient
Greek-like system of government are found in Europe. 2 The
specific countries have a characteristic of one dominant
language used which is an important element towards their
unity.Many African countries have difficulty in adopting
ancient Greek-like system of governance especially with the
tribal divide and the various tribes often antagonize each other
in every aspect of governance.
In summary, the ancient Greece structure of governance has
impacted significantly in giving new ideas to many countries
and states with regards to creation of political structures in the
respective countries and states. 2 This is evident in many
governments and countries in the world which have found the
ancient Greece political structure useful and meaningful.
Reference Aristotle, A. (2007). On Rhetoric: 2 A Theory of
Civic Discourse.Oxford: 2Oxford University Press.
Cooper, J. M. 1993. “Rhetoric, Dialectic, and the Passions.”In
Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 11: 175–198.
Aristotle, A. (1967). Aristotle: Poetics. Michigan: 2 University
of Michigan Press, Herrick, J.(2009). 2 The History and Theory
of Rhetoric:An Introduction (4th Ed.).London: Mc-Craw.
Allen, J. 2007. “Aristotle on the Disciplines of Argument:
Rhetoric, Dialectic, Analytic” In Rhetorical 25: 87–108.
Tsipouri, L., &Xanthakis, M. (2004). Can corporate governance

7. be rated? Ideas based on the Greek experience. Corporate
Governance: An International Review, 12(1), 16-28.
Sen, A. K. (1999). 8 Democracy as a universal value.Journal of
democracy, 10(3), 3-17.