Proposal Essay Topics Ideas. Reflection Essay: Proposing a solution essay ideas

Proposal Essay Topics Ideas
Crafting an essay on the topic of "Proposal Essay Topics Ideas" can prove to be a challenging
task. The difficulty lies not only in the need to explore a wide range of potential subjects but
also in selecting a topic that is both interesting and relevant. The process involves thorough
research to identify current issues, societal concerns, or areas needing improvement.
Firstly, one must navigate through a plethora of potential proposal essay topics, considering
factors such as feasibility, societal impact, and personal interest. This initial stage demands
critical thinking and creativity to unearth unique ideas that can engage readers. The writer must
not only brainstorm ideas but also assess their potential for development and implementation.
Once a topic is chosen, the challenge deepens as the writer must delve into extensive research to
gather relevant information, data, and supporting evidence. This involves perusing scholarly
articles, books, and reputable sources to ensure the essay is well-informed and persuasive. The
ability to synthesize information and present a coherent argument is paramount.
Structuring the essay also presents a challenge. A proposal essay typically follows a specific
format, requiring a clear introduction, a detailed explanation of the proposed idea, potential
benefits, and counterarguments. Maintaining a logical flow and ensuring a seamless transition
between paragraphs is crucial for effective communication.
Moreover, addressing potential objections and presenting counterarguments requires a high level
of analytical thinking. Anticipating the reader's concerns and responding to them effectively
enhances the overall persuasiveness of the essay.
In conclusion, writing an essay on the topic of "Proposal Essay Topics Ideas" demands a
combination of creativity, critical thinking, and research skills. The process involves navigating
through numerous potential subjects, conducting thorough research, and presenting a well-
structured argument. Despite the challenges, a well-crafted proposal essay has the potential to
inform, persuade, and contribute to meaningful discussions.
For those seeking assistance with essays or similar assignments, various resources are available,
including professional writing services. Platforms like HelpWriting.net offer support in crafting
essays, providing a convenient option for those looking to navigate the complexities of academic
writing.
Proposal Essay Topics IdeasProposal Essay Topics Ideas

The Political Theories Of Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli...
A variety of political theories have been developed throughout the beginning of
history in order to provide organization for society. These theories stem from the
different views of human nature, which is what people are fundamentally like. In
order for a political theory to function in a certain society, it needs to understand how
people think and act. Three prominent political theorists were Aristotle, Niccolo
Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. Aristotle viewed humans as natural political
animals that have both rational and irrational sides to them, allowing for a government
that provided overall goodness for the people. Machiavelli took a more grim view of
human nature that shows humans as being naturally selfish and ambitious, so the
government should be about greatness and maintaining power. Hobbes believed that
in their natural state, humans are nasty, brutish, and untrustworthy, which forces the
government to have to ensure peace and security while allowing people to get to their
desires. Of the three political theories, the theory of Machiavelli is the most
convincing as it incorporates the most realist view of human beings and how
government should operate. In order to understand a political theory, it is important
to understand the theorist s views of human nature. Aristotle believed that humans
were naturally political, or as he called them political animals , which means that
humans are inclined towards politics and innately want to participate. He also believed

Combahee River Collective Summary
We believe that the most profound and potentially most radical politics come
directly out of our own identity, as opposed to working to end somebody else s
oppression (212).
This section explains why the Combahee River Collective believes in the
organization of Black feminists: none of the previous progressive movements had
fought for the freedom of Black women. Moreover, even if other groups had made the
attempt to push the issues important to Black feminism, the effect would most likely
have been of little real consequence socially and politically.
The author(s) identifies the importance of Black women standing up and fighting for
their own liberation, not only because they are the only ones willing to put in the
strenuous time and effort

History Of Sex Offenders
A sex offender is anyone who is convicted of a sex crime. The crimes that qualify as
sex crimes vary by state, but most states include rape (forced and statutory), sexual
assault or battery, child molestation or any sexual conduct with a minor, production
or possession of child pornography, and attempts to commit any of these crimes. The
history of sex offenders has been active since the 1800 s according to author Philip
Jenkins. Jerkins explains that in the Middle Ages, children were constantly coming
up missing and he also explains that sex crimelaws have existed as far back as
biblical times with a number of penalties ranging from fines to death for various
sexual acts considered deviant at one time or another in society. (Jenkins, 1998)

Martial Law In The Philippines
Martial law in the Philippines or Batas Militar sa Pilipinas is when the Philippine
head of state places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. Martial law is declared either when there is near violent civil unrest or
in cases of major natural disasters. Typically, the imposition of martial law
accompanies curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, habeas corpus, and
the application or extension of military law or military justice to civilians. Civilians
defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunals (court martial). There were
several incidents when the Philippine head of state declared martial law, the most
infamous is Proclamation в„– 1081 which was the proclamation of Martial Law by
President Ferdinand E. Marcos. It was announced to the public on 23 September
1972, and was formally lifted on 17 January 1981. Under this declaration, civil
rights were suspended and military authority in the country was imposed. Then
president Marcos defended the declaration by stressing the need for extra powers to
quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. First, threat to the
country s security was intensifying following the re establishment of the Communist
Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968. Moreover, supporters of CPP s military arm,
the New People s Army, also grew in numbers in Tarlac and other parts of the
country. Third, the alleged attempt on the life of then Minister of Defense Juan Ponce
Enrile gave

Propaganda In Ancient Egypt
Therefore, propaganda is a really complex term which cannot be defined in absolute
terms. Moreover, Doob, who worked for the Office of War Information in WWII,
argued that a clear cut definition of propaganda is not only impossible, it is also
highly undesirable (1948, p. 375). He believed that posing any types of limitation will
harm the understanding of the term. Since propagandachanges in regard to context
and timing in which it occurs, different countries and different time periods would
experience different types of propaganda. Thus, propaganda occurring in a given
timeframe in a given country will not necessarily contain a propaganda message in
the eyes of a neighboring country, for instance. This notion clarifies the previously
discussed remark by Nicholas O Shaughnessy. Namely, propaganda techniques of
Ancient Egypt did not aim to influence people in the future. That is why we do not
perceive pyramids as... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8). Hereby the author argues that the source tries to deceive the public by
appealing to emotions and by bypassing the interaction with the common sense.
Sociologist Jacques Ellul, however, rejects the idea of viewing propaganda as a
negative effort of propagandist alone. He believes that propaganda is rather a
sociological phenomenon which cannot exist without public s willingness to
accept the truths presented to it (Ellul, 1965, p. xv). It would be unrealistic to
believe that Hitler on his own managed to convince millions of German people to
follow Nazi ideology. More likely, the German society had Hitler in it and was in a
certain mood which formed a fertile soil for propaganda seeds (Pachter, 1980, p.

In this paper we present an analysis of face recognition...
In this paper we present an analysis of face recognition system with a combination of
Neural networks withSub space method of feature extraction. Here we are
considering both single layer such as Generalized Regression neural network
(GRNN) and Multi layer such as Learning Vector quantization (LVQ). The analysis of
these neural networks are done between feature vectors with respect to the
recognition performance of subspace methods, namely Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) and Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis(FLDA).Subspace is a multiplex
embedded in a higher dimensional vector space and extracting important features
from the damn dimensionality. The experiments were performed using standard
ORL, Yale and FERET database. From the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In section IV, Experimental results are discussed and analysis is briefed. Finally,
Conclusions are drawn.
II. PROPOSED METHOD
In this section an overview of different subspaces methods such as PCA and FLDA
are describes in detail.
A. Principal Component Analysis
PCA is a classical feature extraction and data representation technique also known as
Karhunen Loeve Expansion [20, 21]. It is a linear method that projects the high
dimensional data onto a lower dimensional space. It seeks a weight projection that
best represents the data, which is called principal components. Fig.1 Schematic
illustration of PCA
Principal component analysis seeks a space of lower dimensionality, known as the
principal subspace and denoted by the magenta line, such that the orthogonal
projection of the data points (red dots) onto this subspace maximizes the variance of
the projected points (green dots). An alternative definition of PCA is based on
minimizing the sum of squares of the projection errors, indicated by the blue lines as
described in figure 1.
PCA is described as let a face image be A(x, y) be a two dimensional N by Narray.
The training set images are mapped onto a collection of vector points in this huge
space, these vector points are represented as subspace. These vector points are the
eigen vectors which is obtained from the covariance matrix which defines the
subspace of face images.Let the

Americans After Reconstruction
Over 150 years ago, the slaves were proclaimed free by President Lincoln. However
many people even today still consider the african americans under the bindings of
slavery and barred from true freedom. The african american slaves were brought to
America while it was still being colonized to replace the rather expensive
indentured servants. They were sold into slavery to carry out often harsh chores
and tasks for their owner. Eventually, a civil war broke out between the north and
south over the south not wanting slavery to be abolished. However, the south lost
and President Lincoln established the Emancipation Proclamation, which
completely freed the slaves. The period following the civil war, known as
reconstruction, was a failure due to the fact that the newly freed slaves still
experienced inequality, racism, and exclusion. Even though the african americans
were completely freed from slavery, they still had to face many hardships such as
inequality. An example of this appears in a labor contract from 1886 when it mainly
discusses the chores and tasks of a black man while... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A piece of evidence that displays this issue is from the Louisiana Law of 1865. It
states, Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or
former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of the said negro. This
shows how the african americans were still considered slavery and barred from
any freedom. One other documentation of racism is a political cartoon from 1868
showing three white men stepping on a black man captioned, This is a White Man s
Government. The cartoon describes how white men felt it was wrong to have free
african americans and that they shouldn t be apart of american culture. This evidence
shows how racism was a still a huge issue that the african americans still had to face
even after finding

The Field Of Applied Behavioral Science
The field of Applied Behavioral Science s future will be greatly affected by
contemporary issues that involve the creation of the Association of Professional
Behavior Analysts (APBA), board certification limitations, and the Behavior Analyst
Certification Board (BACB).
First it is important to examine the effects that the APBA will have on ABS future.
The creation of the APBA will have many negative affects on the field of behavioral
analysis as a whole. Many behavior analysts believe that the Association for Behavior
Analysis International (ABAI), which is comprised mainly of individuals whom have
a primarily scholarly interest, is not as supportive of behavior analysts who
participate dominantly in practice. This idea that the ABAI ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The author, Thomas S Critchfield (2011) believes that scientists and practioners
should be held separate, however I believe that this will further damage our unity
under the same field, Applied Behavior Analysis. Critchfields basis for this is that
both are both professions, but are different professions, science and practice, with
different concerns and therefore should be kept separate in order for each to succeed
in their own way. It is to my knowledge that both must coexist to better understand the
issues that ABS typically faces.
According to Bales (2012) Chritchfield s ideas deem to be a misguided idea. Bales
stated that while the two professions may be different it is important to remember
that there are individuals who engage in both science and practice. It is impossible
to say that these two parts are so separate from each other that they need to flourish
in different environments. This could cause translational research to become
nonexistent and lead use back to simple basic research and research that is for the
sole purpose of helping the people with no care taken to flourish the field. This
would lead to a field that may make discoveries but that may not be able to translate
those ideas to benefit the lives of the people. If this deems to be the case, then why
call our science Applied at all?
Next, the licensure of ABS must be addressed. ABS is

Case Analysis Of Heinz
sales and as well as cut in cost due to access to each other superior manufacturing
efficiencies.
Acquisition Process
Search process
Heinz was taken private in 2013 by the PE firms Berkshire Hathaway and 3G
Capital in 2013. The objective was to identify and merge another big brand with
Heinz so as to create a future market leader. The firms had already identified Kraft as
the ideal target as they believed that the portfolio of the two brands were highly
complementary.
Another reason was the more perceptible shift in consumer preferences away from
processed foods and towards more organic style of living. The idea behind this
merger is to bring together two iconic brands, improve their operating efficiencies and
expand internationally. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since its acquisition, the company has been further leaned down by the management
team of 3G Capital.
A number of efficiency improvement mechanisms were put in place, for example
zero based budgeting, and other cost cutting mechanisms that helped generate $1bn in
annual improvements for the company. These initiatives also took Heinz s EBITDA
margins from 18% to 26%.
Transformational changes at Heinz since its acquisition:
New leadership team put in place on Day One, comprising of Heinz top talent and 3G
nominees
Implemented zero based budgeting and Management by Objectives model
Simplified corporate structure
Rationalized manufacturing
Global performance for monthly performance routines
Individual performance targets for 3500+ employees
Kraft was primarily a spun off division of the food giant Mondelez International
(2012) and was expected to be a cash cow with steady growth. However, the sales of
the company started dwindling in 2014 and its profits plummeted by 60

Causes Of Thunderstorms
THUNDERSTORMS Mother Natures unhealthiest weather condition!
How Thunderstorms affects the human body
A thunderstorm is only considered a thunderstorm when lightning is present.
These storms can play an important role in physical pain and mental suffering.
Lightning is made from cold air and warm air inside a cloud that meets. The warm
air has water droplets that goes to the top of the cloud and the cold air has ice
crystals goes to the bottom of the cloud. When a storm forms the droplets and crystals
hit each other and it separates the air and the two parts hitting each other makes a
static electrical charge in the cloud and forms a lightning bolt.
Thunder; one following the other. Thunder is air pressure that expands and contracts
quickly in a cloud by lightning. When the air gets heated it makes the sound of
thunder.
10 UNHEALTHIEST FACTS ABOUT THUNDERSTORMS YOU DONT WANT
TO EXPERIENCE!
It s deadly and if you get struck by lightning there is always some permanent damage
to the body!
1. Static electricity We all know that if you rub a negative atom to a positive together
you get static electricity and you get shocked, such as rubbing your hand back and
forth on a rug. Watch it! Anything you touch you will get shocked!
Lightning is considered static electricity in a thunderstorm. When the heat and cold
meet it causes a static electricity spark, as it is a positive and negative charge meeting
each other.
So, how will you know if a lightning strike is near you? The hair

Aristotelian Appeal Ethos In Southern Gothic Literature
The Aristotelian appeal ethos is illustrated as well within the characteristics of the
culture in the era of Southern Gothic Literature. This era manifested authors like
Harper Lee, Flannery O Conner, William Faulkner, and Edgar Allen Poe who were all
illuminating their readers while heir focus was around the history of southern slavery.
The artistic direction simultaneously permits scholars to appreciate when identifying
with this music video signs and symbols while realizing the reasonable grounds
behind Southern GothicLiterature. Burke s identification shows up in the same shot
of BeyoncГ© wearing an all black gothic themed fashion along with black men whom
are dressed in black, and all are positioned on the porch of a French Creole style
plantation one of the seemly similar dressed African American male is highlighted
because of a headdress. It s called a Fez. It is red, holds a black tassel, and worn by
Moors. Moors are descendants of the 8th century Moorish Empire, who was known to
have created a highly advanced civilization, culture, know art, architecture and
educational institutions in the 7th and 8th century. The modern beliefs of the Moors
are set in historical education, racial pride, and spiritual/social upliftment. In
addition, assisting in building up their people to be respected by developing a
cultural identity according to Wikipedia. The symbolism of the Moors standing in
front of a historic French Creole style plantation/ mansion, while snapshots of oil
paintings on the wall of an African American woman in jump cuts is another way to
show a connection that identifies with the French Creole culture which also links in
with the Moors, African Heritage, and BeyoncГ© s lineage.
While noticeably referring to the free Creole Bourgeoisie of color in the late 1800
s infused with the Victorian Era in relation to the Queen Victoria s reign. There is
a quick shot of BeyoncГ© wearing all white in reflection of the attire worn in that
era by this wealthy race of people. The symbolism of the Victorian Era relates to the
ideology of femininity. Her lyrics specifically says, Okay ladies now let s get in
formation . Being that BeyoncГ© can be considered a part of the modern day elite,
she is illustrating

Athletes Should Be Paid In The United States
Although Athletes entertain us all and provide us with something to look forward
to, their paychecks are too big for what they do. There are millions of people who
are injured in the military or have illnesses that need that money to help them recover
,but instead we give the money to people who entertain us.
In this day and time athletes make millions of dollars by playing games for a living
and most spent that money on expensive things like big houses, fast cars, and much
more. Meanwhile there are people with illnesses that could use the money for
treatment that could save their life. There are people who fight for our country and
risk their lives for us, but instead of helping them with therapy and treatments for
injury we decide

Zadie Smith Research Paper
Morgan Howard
Mrs. Robinson
ENG 205 18
30 November 2016
Zadie Smith
You must live life with the full knowledge that your actions will remain. We are
creatures of consequence (Smith). Zadie smith has presented many short stories and
nonfiction pieces throughout her time. She was born in North London in 1975 to an
English father and a Jamaican mother (Nabokov). At a young age she started writing
poems and stories; later as she got older she studied English Literature at the
University of Cambridge when she began writing her first novel, White Teeth
(Britannica). Years later she published two more novels called The Autograph Man
and On Beauty. She became a tenured professor at New York University and her
current novel NW was published in 2012.
When Zadie was young, despite being a writer, she was intrigued by tap dancing;
which made her considered becoming an actress in a musical theatre. When she got
older that suddenly changed. While in college literature became apparent as her main
interest, which made her decide to become a journalist. Also in college she published
many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It s mainly set in the North London neighbors of Willesden and Kilburn. The
narrator is unknown, but the way it seems the narrator knows all the juicy details
about Iqbal s and the Joneses. Since the novel is out of consecutive order, the
narrator pinpoints every detail and what reader s should pay attention to. The novel
begins with Archie and Samad, they thought they will never see each other again but
their friendship set the foundation of the whole story. Archie and Samad marry, have
children that will later change their lives forever, and both live in North London.
Samad and his wife Alsana marriage was arranged; Archie and his wife Clara rushed
in their marriage. Both men struggle not only with raising their children but also with
dealing with strong wives who had opinions of their own

Lack Of Ethic With A More Positive Stance
Lack Of Ethic Understanding in IRB = Lack Of Care In Research
Why A Public Anthropology? addresses the issue about why cultural anthropology is
not affective by its current stance of not doing any ethical harm and into more detail
explains why IRB s should make notions to move towards a more positive stance of
doing good. Throughout the explanation of ethical violations from five given cases,
the details will prove why these violations emphasize that the review board s current
stance of do no harm is an ethically ambiguous position . Even with anthropologists
going in with the intentions of not doing harm result in the exact opposite; including
national governments who try to avoid ethical issues end up just over regulating
research studies. These actions limit researcher ability to do well and cause
additional problems. IRB s focus on positive results is based on monetary value and
time however this does not show respect and sensitivity. In the reading of this
research I conclude it is due to the lack of similarity to the participants of the study
leads to lack of care and treatment, thus threatening their wellbeing leads to the ethical
issues in research cases and regulation. To solve this problem, Institutional Review
Boards and Review Ethics Boards should create a set of common rules, these rules
could easily differentiate what between what is what is and what is not ethical
behavior and additionally it would facilitate all types of data in research projects that

Engels Inspired Utopian Society Essay
An Engels inspired utopia contains a society with minimal government involvement
and a technological driven life. It outlines a life where the imperfections of
capitalism is absent thus leading to a happy, ideal life. Capitalism is an economic
system where private ownership is permitted to allow exchange of goods and services
in a monetary system surrounded by competition (Dictionary 1). Technologywould
solve world issues in this ideal society such as having clean energy. With little
opposition, people in this society would be able to have any desire or needs at their
will. In such an Engels inspired utopian life, technologies such as advanced smart
houses and 3D printing would be utilized to enforce a society where safety and...
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The advantage of having a smart home is that people living in this utopian society
will have more time for entertainment and less time stressing about their home
maintenance. This way, people can live a more luxurious and advantageous life
where they can enjoy the spoils that technology can offer. For instance, people in
this society can have breakfast ready instantly since their smart home learns their
routinely behavior. In a society where people have smart homes, they are being
moral for the greater good which stands in the face of the ethical theory of Virtue.
Having a smart home will end up reducing the production and consumption of
goods of regular houses such as wood and appliances. This reduces the carbon
footprint left behind by humans. By reducing the carbon footprint, choosing to have
smart houses is a characteristic of being considerate. Secondly, advanced 3D
printing applied to the medical field can be utilized in an Engels non capitalist
technology drive society to impact the area of safety. In this utopian society,
advanced 3D printing will have the capabilities to print synthetic tissue and organic
tissue that can bond to the patient s cells. In effect, this helps the patient s wound
heal faster. This type of advanced 3D bio printing can save many lives

Comparing Female Sexuality In A Thousand Martyrs And...
Female sexuality and social status were viewed very differently in the eighteenth
century to that of today; but no matter what the adversity, female writers have been
breaking female stereotypes through their work. Aphra Behn s, A Thousand Martyrs I
have made, along with Jane Austen s, Northanger Abbey attempt to change the power
dynamic of femalesexuality and genderroles in society. These authors use their
characters to influence different ideologies on gender; Aphra put her female
character Cloris in a place of sexual power over her male counterpart, similar to
Austen mocking the typical female gothic heroine with her main character Catherine.
Similarly, the manga, The Ghost in the Shell, challenges the modern notions of what
a female character is supposed to represent. She is the opposite of a vision of damsel
in distress rather she breaks female conventions by being flaunting her sexuality
openly and she is a bold, strong and ambitious.
Consider the 17th century poem of A Thousand Martyrs I have made ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Promiscuity is a theme that is mainly accepted and considered the usual among male
sexuality because at this time the only power a woman had was to choose among
suitors. A woman had little power of refusal and Behn uses the male viewpoint
with a female perspective to mock the fact that women have no voice when it
comes to their sexuality; that a woman would never be able to betray a man with
her multiple sexual partners. Behn is making the point that a man can be deceitful
towards multiple lovers but a woman would never be able to fit this sort of role in
society. The woman would also not be able to easily choose another partner or
several partners after being betrayed, her betrayal would go virtually unnoticed by

Rethinkrobot Lab
Our experiments are performed on a humanoid robot Baxter from RethinkRobot
[cite?]. The arm has 7 DoF and 2 grippers in the end, and can be controlled by
position, velocity or effort at the endpoint at 100 Hz. In the simulator Gazebo, the
world is initialized with table, plates and wood board for the tasks, and the tools (eg.
fork, knife, brush) are initialized in left hand gripper to perform the action sequence.
In the execution cycle of our experiments, Baxter can execute 5 action primitives:
Stay(S), Left(L), Right(R), Forward(F), backward(B), and each moves one step
unit delta (delta=0.08m ). We control the arm of Baxter by sending the desired
end effector to inverse kinematics (IK) solver to obtain the joints angles (7 joints:
left_s0, s1, e0, e1, w0, w1, w2) for joint positional control. The end effector position
may be slightly unstable though IK is using an initialized neutral arm position as the
seed. Actions are executed at 2 Hz and image frames are refreshed at the same
frequency. At each time step, the cropped RGB image from head camera is resized to
80times80 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then DQN takes it as input and generates action that maximizes the long term
expected rewards. Baxter follows epsilon greedy policy (epsilonin[0.05,0.5]
decreasing with episodes as [#DQN:mnih2013playing]) till an action length time out,
which roughly takes 10 seconds. Robot is performing a test episode every 50
episodes, by following learned policy exactly without random exploration. Once
each episode finished, the cached image frames are fed in CNN LSTM to obtain
the terminal reward and the robot is reset to the neutral position. All the joints, end
effector states, values and rewards tuples (s,a,r,s ,a ) are stored in replay memory
for training, and test episodes are recorded for later evaluation. The replay memory
is of size 200k due to machine memory constraints. We then randomly sampled 50k
tuples from replay memory to train the DQN during each training

Clostridium Difficile Essay
Many different diseases are caused by different species in the Clostridium genus,
including tetanus, botulism, and gangrene ( Clostridium. ). But perhaps the worst,
but least publicly recognized, is Clostridium difficile, or CDI. This disease affects
500,000 people every year in the US alone, and of those infected, around 6% died
within the first month of being infected ( Healthcare Associated Infections. ). CDI is
a gastrointestinal infection. It is found in soil, water, processed meat, and human and
animal feces, but once the bacteriahas reached a surface, it can linger there for
months. If people touch a surface with CDI with their hands, they can then
accidentally ingest it, leading to a potential CDI infection. Certain people are at much
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CDI cannot be treated with many antibiotics, and as early as 2000 another strain
appeared that was resistant to even more antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones (
Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance. ). This new strain creates more toxins and can
show up in people not normally considered at risk for CDI infection, like those who
have not been hospitalized or treated with antibiotics ( C. difficile infection. ). This
aggressive strain only adds more danger to an already resistant bacteria. As
antibiotics became more common, they were prescribed for thousands of common
illnesses. Over time, Clostridium difficile has built up a resistance to antibiotics to
become a major concern. Even more frightening, it has started to appear in the
community. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control rate it as an urgent threat.
Superbugs like CDI are becoming a more ever present threat and we must continually
work towards newer and more effective treatments to counteract the bacterias
frightening ability to resist us ( Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance. ). CDI is just one
of many superbugs, however, and others pose just as great a

Analysis Of The Film Super Size Me
The documentary is a personal view of the fast food industry. The director Morgan
Spurlock wanted to prove that the fast food industry has an impact on the growing
epidemic in America and its called obesity. Morgan Spurlock had to show the
effects of eating fast food for a month and how it would affect any human being.
Morgan Spurlock stated I m a willing to participant in that flawed way of life, eating
fast foodas often as I can and exercising as little as possible. The experiment idea
comes from two girls who were suing McDonald s for their obesity; however, the
judge ruled that there is no proof that their obesity and poor health is a result of
eating from fast foodplace such as McDonalds. Spurlock uses several techniques to
grab... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The film doesn t put all the blame of obesity on fast food companies. People do
have free choice, but the point he makes is that these companies go out of their
way to make the food pretty much addictive through the use of sugar, fat, and
caffeine and that they go out of their way to hide how unhealthy this stuff really is.
On the other hand, there are some things in Spurlock s documentary which were a
little outrageous. The blame should not only be placed on fast food. I do strongly
believe that we all have the will power to walk in McDonalds and order a salad or
simply not go in and make McDonalds to make it a much wealthier company. The
director used great methods on how to get the message across and great graphics
to keep the audience entertained. I do believe is Spurlock would have eaten other
food that contained over 2500 calories a day, he would have still faced health
problems. Finally, he shows us pictures of him after he went back to his good
eating habits which imply how happy he is to be back in shape. I think he is trying
to send out the message that it s not too late for the viewer to change their eating
style and live a healthy

Reflective Essay On Service Learning
Service learning is always viewed as being something you just have to do. If you
want a good grade, then you do it, but you rush through it because you don t
appreciate the opportunity. I used to think about it that way because it seemed like it
was just wasting my time. However, I ve discovered that the older I get, the more I
analyze things, whether it be school work or general life questions. Over the summer,
I had an abundance of time to think things through and work out everything in my
mind. I believe that service learningcan help you realise your passion as it did with
me. I volunteered at Martin Millennium to help clean up their campus and revitalize
the Earth on which their school stands. I spread mulch in areas of dry soil and
around the playground, so the kids could play without fear of hurting themselves. We
spread the mulch around the trees and by the walkways. I volunteered at the Tender
Merciespet organization as well. I helped feed the dogs and walk them outside. I did
the daily routine of washing food bowls and dog blankets too. During my time
volunteering at Tender Mercies, I learned that no matter how many times you think
you ve seen it all, you will always find something to amaze you. I ve previously said
that over the the summer, I thoughtabout things and sometimes thinking too much
can lead to bad things. I don t really know why, but dogs have a way to sense when
you re upset and they always make you feel better. I ve learned that happiness is

Multidisciplinary Research
1. Multidisciplinary research can exist in four forms based on the level of interaction
the group has with one another. Name the four forms and explain the group
interaction for each. Be sure to explain how the disciplines interact and what level of
collaboration occurs. The multidisciplinary research forms are additive, non
disciplinary, integrated and synthetic.Additive: the additive multidisciplinary research
form is the lowest level of collaboration among the four forms. In fact, this
particular form of research does not require a certain degree of collaboration.
Additive research is very independent and consists on building your research base as
if you were building it with Lego blocks; which mean that there is no collaboration
that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although both research forms can be performed by a team of researchers from
various specialties, interdisciplinary research can be perform as well by a single
individual, who has different areas of expertise, without compromising the final
result. On multidisciplinary research, team members can work independently
borrowing from other disciplines as the research deems necessarily. While
multidisciplinary research requires a team to cover different field of expertise, such
experts might not share a common research goal, and interaction between them is not
requires either, sharing information varies according to the researchers possibilities
and technology. On the other hand, interdisciplinary research requires a greater level
of interaction between researchers, which share a common research ideas and goals.
Personally, the main difference between these forms of research is that the approach
to answer the research question differs. Multidisciplinary research questions are
based on individual disciplines and do not require other perspectives in order to be
answers, whereas Interdisciplinary questions require integration of perspective and
theories from multiple

The speed, the agility, the ability to manoeuvre the ball...
The speed, the agility, the ability to manoeuvre the ball to the opposing side of the
field, the ability to reflect and the ability to outsmart your opponent is what makes
you a real champion. The player sprints across the field, she passes the midfielders,
the defenders and without realizing she knows she s there, just the goalie, the net
and her. Prodigious cheers and roars are coming from the crowd, which
contemplate the splendid dribbles that took place. And then... an unbelievable cross
from an unrealistic place finds the head of the star striker and the ball goes in and
was able to rest on the back of the net. The crowd goes wild, it is a defining moment
in the game, and this is what women s football has developed into, this is what...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They say women have been playing football for as long it has existed, evidence
suggests that there was an ancient version of the game that was seen by FIFA as the
earliest form of football, called Tsu Chu, which involves kicking a ball through an
opening space into a net. The use of hands is not allowed.
There are many dates estimated recognized as the first matches ever recorded,
Scotland has been the country were women football has mainly taken place. There
is evidence of an annual match being played in Scotland in the early 1790s, but the
first match was recorded by the Scottish Football Association which took place in
1892 in Glasgow. In England, the first recorded match of football played between
women took place in 1895. Throughout the years, women football has become more
civilised, The Football Association has documented early involvement of Women in
Europe. They say in 12th century French Women have been playing football as part
of the era s folk games, also in the 1790 s Scotland included football in the annual
Mid Lothian competition, evidence shows the fact that women have been playing
this sport for as long as men have.
In 1863, the FIFA and head football governing bodies introduced a more civilised
threat to the game, they introduced standardized rules to avoid and prohibit violence
in the field, making the game more safe and more acceptable for women to take part
in. The most

College Essay About Being Under Weight
My physical body was not the greatest, so I had to deal with being scrawny. Being
underweight troubled me a lot back in elementary and middle school. I wanted to
stronger, so I decided to exercise at 10 pm in the house. It was tough for me
because I would be really tired. At the end I stopped exercising and went back to
the way I was. Being underweight for my whole life, I decided to fix it by joining
boxing and it helped dramatically in my physical and mental health. Before joining
boxing, I was very jealous of others being really strong. My sister was able to pick
on me without worrying that I could fight back and mess with her. She would
sometimes ask me to arm wrestle her, and I was the one who would struggle the
most. Also when I m with friends playing a sport or meeting up at a park, I feel
embarrass about being the skinniest person. When my friends play fight I stay back
because I don t want to embarrass myself. I thought about joining boxing, because
I wanted to join a sport and not depend on others to do all the work. Walking in to a
boxing gym on the first day was really hard, I was in no shape to do all the drills they
gave me. Accomplished was what I felt every time I finished exercising and when I
would push myself to the limit. I was really happy... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When I said yes my body did not want to stop shaking from being nerves. The first
round into the sparring match, felt long. I didn t know what do to in the ring, for
the entire sparring match. Felt relieved when I finished the match, but I also felt
achieved of meeting a goal of going in a ring and facing an opponent. Sparring
helped me traumatically in my skill of boxing, for my first actual fight. On
September 7 of this year I was still recovering from being sick for an entire week
and did not train enough before the fight because of the sickness. When I got in the
ring I only had one thing in mind and it was to win, happily I

Violence and Its Forms
Violence was, and remains today, a versatile concept in theatre. Violence is
something we desire to see as an audience, yet simultaneously a majority of people
would never commit the atrocities found in Macbeth. There exists a thin line between
acceptable violence and violence that turns an audience away from sympathizing with
a character. In this essay we will evaluate the differences between the various forms of
violence found within Macbeth, and analyze why the audience can accept some acts
of violence, while deeming others inhumane. The clearest breeds of violence found
in the play are; war violence, law breaking violence, sociopathic violence, and
descriptive violence. Shakespeare places these different forms of violence... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And even now,
To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done:
The castle of Macduff I will surprise,
Seize upon Fife, give to th edge o th sword
His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls
That trace him in his line. No boasting like a fool.
(IV.i.1726 1733)
Macbeth addresses the difference between fantasy and actuality. Shakespeare may
have been suggesting that it is a human element to have demons for daydreams and
that it is part of the human consciousness to fantasize horrible acts such as murdering
for power, but that it is only unheavenly violence when these thoughts are acted upon.
War violence is the most publically accepted form of violence. Macbeth is
introduced as a courageous man because he was able to win the war for the Scottish.
For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name
Disdaining fortune, with his brandish d steel,
Which smoked with bloody execution,
Like valour s minion carved out his passage
Till he faced the slave;
Which ne er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseam d him from the nave to the chaps,
And fix d his head upon our battlements.
(I.ii.35 42)
The play Macbeth is introduced with violence, but unlike the violence that follows
this battle, the future gore is unacceptable. Macbeth is explained to have cut a man
from his navel to his jaw, and then place his head on a castle wall. As violent as this
is, it is the only act Macbeth does in the entire play that is noble. The opening

Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri Essay
Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri
It was once said by Marcel Proust that We do not receive wisdom, we must discover
it for ourselves, after a journey through the wilderness which no one else can make
for us, which no one can spare us... . This journey through the wild to discover
wisdom is exactly what transpires in The Inferno by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno is
an epic poem that is the first section of a three part poem called The Divine Comedy.
The Inferno is about the narrator, Dante, traveling through the layers of Hell and
learning about the men and women in Hell, and ultimately why God is punishing
them there. One of the most representative parts of The Inferno as a whole is Canto
18. Canto 18 is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite not reading all of The Inferno, the certain part I did read gave me a true
illustration of the entire work. Particularly in Canto 18, readers observe Dante s
writing techniques as well as the main ideas or themes present in the work. Canto
18 is an especially excellent illustration of Dante as a visual poet and his imagery.
For example, it begins with Dante describing Malebolge as made of all stone the
color of crude iron / as is the wall that makes it way around it. / Right in the middle
of the evil field / is an abyss, a broad and yawning pit (2 5). Dante continues in
writing more of a unique description about the geography of Hell. His
descriptiveness allows readers to feel and see the cold, crude iron surrounding
Malebolge and see the huge pit in the middle, too. As when I read the description
of the geography, Dante s writing creates fear in me just as he does for other
readers in all parts of The Inferno. Besides Dante s visual poetry, he also includes
very shocking imagery that affects all five of the senses. Canto 18 holds an
excellent example of Dante s imagery. At the end of the canto, Dante writes, The
ditch beneath / held people plunged in excrement that seemed / as if it had been
poured from human privies (112 114). These few lines are a wonderful portrayal of
the extremely, shocking details he

Dfsf
| | SAM Projects 2010| | | | | | Tobiloba Owolabi, IL Word Case UD_IC1A| | |
Submission #3| | | Score is 79 out of 100| | | | | пѓј| 1. Verify that your name appears in
the footer of the document.| | пѓј| 2. Change the page orientation to Landscape, and
change all four margins to 0.6 .| | пѓј| 3. Format the document in three columns of
equal width.| | пѓј| 4. Insert a next page section break before the heading Catering
Services .| | пѓј| 5. On page 1, insert column breaks before the headings Sample
Tuscan Banquet Menu and Sample Indian Banquet Menu .| 5| пѓ»| 6. Change the
column spacing in section 1 (which is the first page) to 0.4 , add lines between the
columns on the first page,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tuscan Style Grilled Butterflied Leg of Lamb
Lamb marinated in garlic, olive oil, herbs, and spices, and then charcoal grilled.
Roast Quail Stuffed
Roasted quail, stuffed with wild rice, pate de foie gras, mushrooms, herbs, and
brandy, and served with grappa and white wine sauce.
Grilled Vegetables
Red new potatoes, onions, carrots, eggplant, zucchini, and squash.
Green Salad
Coffee, Tea, or Chai
Sample Indian Banquet Menu
Appetizers
Shrimp Fritters with tomato relish
Cheese Platter and Fresh Breads
Samosas with tamarind sauce
EntrГ©e Mixed Grill
Indian Lamb amp; Beef Kebab, Tandoori Chicken Tikka, and Smoked Salmon Fillet
Traditional Indian marinades of fresh spices, mint, and yogurt are used to marinade
the lamb, beef, and chicken. The salmon is marinated and then lightly smoked with
apple wood.
Saffron Rice
Decorated with sautГ©ed peaches, almonds, and pistachios.
Tomato, Mint, and Coconut Chutneys
Cucumber Yogurt Raita
Poori
Deep fried whole wheat puffy bread
Green Salad
Coffee, Tea, or Indian Chai

Catering Services
Sample Banquet Menus and Buffet Pricing
Food: $40 per

Research Paper On Oprah Winfrey
Entrepreneurship is a when you are running your own business. We use this business
to have goals and go through different challenges to create value. Why is
entrepreneurship important? Entrepreneurship is important because it allows to get
people to created new ideas that provide others with new jobs. Oprah Winfreyis
mostly known for her talk showThe Oprah Winfrey Show. It was the highest rated tv
program in history. Also she was ranked the richest African American. Also she is
ranked as the most influential woman in the world. Before the fame Oprah Winfrey
was born in January 29, 1954. She is a talk host, producer and philanthropist which
is to give money to others for a good cause. She was born in Mississippi, Kosciusko.
Oprah was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Winfrey Show is an American syndicated tabloid talk show usually interviewing
celebrities and self help advisers. It is one of the longest running daytime talk shows
in history that received 47 daytime emmy awards. In 2013, it got ranked as the 19th
greatest TV shows of all time.
With Oprah Winfrey s success she got to give out to those in need for help. Her
belief is to be financially successful, but also change other people s lives. She has
done that successfully, she has donated millions of dollars to many charities and
organizations. Most of the money has gone into three foundations: Angel Network,
Oprah Winfrey Foundation, and Oprah Winfrey Operating Foundation. Another thing
is at the end of her show, she is always giving out gifts to everyone that comes to her
show live.
Based on Oprah Winfrey s success, I find that even if you aren t financially stable,
you can still be able to have success in life. Even after hard times for Oprah giving
birth to a premature baby that has died, she still chased her dreams and never gave
up. It s important to remember that dreams will not come true if you don t work for
it. You need to work hard to accomplish your goals in life. If you have fallen, get
back up and keep

Robert Herrick Research Paper
Robert Herrick once said The body is the soul s poor house or home, who ribs the
laths are and whose flesh the loam . Robert Herrick was a person of great poetry
and talent. Herrick was a person who spoke extremely highly and spoke from his
mind. He was the type to show his love with great details. He had a strong passion
for love and romance. Herrick was the type to show people that whatever he
wanted accomplished him would have gotten it accomplished. Herrick life was
spent mostly in college, England, and dealing with his long time achievements.
Robert Herrick was born in Cheapside, London he was baptized on August 24,
1591. His family was old Leicestershire who lived in London. Herrick Father was
Nicholas Herrick and mother is Juliana Stone. His parents had seven children
together. Robert was the seventh child out three girls and two boys. Nicholas Herrick
Robert father was a successful goldsmith. When Herrick was only a year and two
months old his father committed suicide by jumping from their home in Goldsmith s
Row, London. When Robert was only a year and two months old his mother inherited
$5,000 from his father s estate. After his father s death, his Uncle Sir William Herrick
continues to raise him and his siblings until he was rightfully given his skills of life.
As a young man Robert tried his share, at goldsmithing before starting his education
(Jokinan http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/herrick/herribio.htm ) His education
begins at Westminster school in

Parable Of Jesus Research Paper
Parables of Jesus
I. Definition Parable comes from the Greek word which means to put things side by
side. A parable represents a method of teaching in which the teacher uses familiar
concepts or ideas to illustrate unfamiliar concepts in terms the learner understand. In
the New Testament context, the unfamiliar concepts are spiritual truths. (McClaflin
2013, 236)
II. An explanation of why Jesus deliberately used parables Jesus deliberately used
parables to shock, to provoke, and to produce a response in His hearers. He did not
necessarily seek to explain everything to everyone s satisfaction; rather His goal was
to point out that His hearer s previous understanding and explanations were
unsatisfactory. His purpose was to direct their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this occasion the crowds were so large that Jesus got in a boat in order not to be
crowded and be better heard by the people that were on the shore. By this he teaches
us in the outward circumstances of worship mot to covet that which is stately, but to
make the best of the conveniences (Henry 1997, 883). The parable of the Sower is a
very special parable because Jesus immediately gives the meaning to His disciples.
Jesus explanation of the parable, with the information that the subject matter is the
secrets of the kingdom of heaven (Mt. 13:11), gives is the principals and keys
needed to understand the other parables as well ( Hayford 1995, 284). The Sower
tells a story based upon the practices of farming that were in the time of Jesus. It
was customary that a farmer broadcast seed on an unplowed field then the seed
was planted and the prepared in one shallow plowing. This practice involved the
farmer s sowing over the stubble of last year s harvest, upon the paths made across
the unused field, and among the weeds growing in the field; for plowing would level
the stubble, break up the hard path, and uproot some of the weeds (Songer 1962,

Electronic Signatures Research Paper
The Use of Electronic signatures/Authentication
Purpose: This policy will provide rules and guidelines to authorized users when
accessing digital documents that require electronic signatures in the healthcare
department.
Staff: The policy will apply to all the healthcare providers and other authorized staff
that includes, but not limited to Physicians, Nurses, Residents, Human resource
managers, Ancillary healthcare staff, and HIM professionals who work in a
healthcare department.
Effective Date: The policy will be effective October 24, 2017. There will be a one
month grace period is to provide the staff with time to study the policy and debate on
it to ensure that everyone understands it and that in case of conflicts they are ironed
out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Users: All staff affected by this policy.
Medical Records: These are health records stored in a physical/electronic medium
and can be retrieved.
Procedure: The source will undergo training on the use of electronic signature and is
expected to comply with an agreement of participation that identifies the rules that
should be used in this policy of documentation practice. When opening the document,
the authorized staff must verify the exactness of the content provided by the
documents before signing the electronic signature. In the event at which the electronic
signature is in use, the e signature, credentials, authors name, date and time are
displayed. Once the signature has been appended to the document, there are no
further changes that can be made. Anyone who uses the electronic signature
inappropriately or illegally is administered to disciplinary action, policy prosecution
or criminal offense (Downing, 2017).
Consequences for Failure to Comply: Failure to comply will result in suspension,
dismissal, and prosecution in a court of law. Health Record Amendments
Background
Before April 2013, the patients protected legal right that allows a patient to access
and amend individual document had limitations to patients who use the federal
operated organizations or healthcare. Conventionally, the information on the record
was the patients and the paper used for documenting

Case Study of Boots Plc Essay
Case Study of Boots Plc
Boots Plc have various kinds of stakeholders in their business who do various kinds
of jobs suitable for which group there are in. Like any other Plc their stakeholders at
least have a say in the business depending their role. E.g. shareholders have a bigger
say than the employees who have very little say in the business. Boots Plc have the
following external stakeholders in their businesses that play different roles between
them are:
Г Pressure Groups
Г Local Community
Г Government
Г Financers (Banks/Creditors)
Г Suppliers
Г Customers
Although they have external stakeholders in their business the must have internal
stakeholders for them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that they have power and are important for the business. Usdaw who in
the past have succeeded in other business when their announced that they have
reduced they employment, at this point Usdaw came in and they succeeded in
making things right. They have influnced loads of employees and helped them a lot
over the years.
Local Community
Local Community are an important part of society as well to Boots Plc. Local
Community depend on Boots Plc to provide Employment around their society. Local
community expects the following things from Boots Plc are:
Г They want Boots Plc to provide employment for people living around Batley and
Dewsbury
Г People living in Batley and Dewsbury wants Boots Plc to prevent environmental
pollution, noise or any other problems that might affect the local community
Large business like Boots Plc needs to operate within the community in Batley.
Boots Plc being a large business will provide employment; minority of the money
earned will be spent locally. Boots Plc

Proper Hand and Nail Care
2 mins3 mins 30 secs2 mins| IntroductionMake this exercise fun and interactive as
possible. Divide the learners into 2 teams. 1 team will be given a set of artificial
fingernail tips to wear along with instructions on how to put them on and the other
team of learners will not be given artificial fingernail tips. Give both groups bowls
of flour and water and instruct them to make small balls of dough with these
materials. Do not allow the first group to remove their fingernail tips and do not
allow the learners to leave the area and/or wash their hands until they have completed
the exercise. Once the balls of dough have been created, allow the learners in team 1
to remove their fingernail tips and then wash their hands. Collect unwashed... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
aeruginosa, the bacteria responsible for the not uncommon green, mold like stain
that can develop between the artificial and natural nail * Onychomycosis, also
known as tinea unguium, fungal infection of the nail. More than 35 million people
in the United States are infected with this fungusElements of proper hand and nail
careBasic standard for proper hand and nail care are regulated by several
organizations: 1. Nail care * Natural nails should be kept short and clean (less than
0.5 cm long or approximately Вј inch long) * Do NOT wear artificial fingernails,
extenders, or nail polish while handling food * According to the WHO, World
Health Organization * Scrub the underside of nails with soap and water (or a nail
brush) every time you wash your hands * Clean any nail grooming tools before use
* Sterilize nail grooming tools before use when nail tools are shared among a
number of people * Avoid biting or chewing nails * Avoid cutting cuticles, as they
act as barriers to prevent infection * According to the CDC, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention 2. Jewelry * Hand and wrist jewelry should be removed
while handling food * All rings, bracelets, watches and necklaces must be removed
before preparing food. * They are hard to keep clean and pose a safety hazard if they
catch on equipment or

Day In The Life Of Dan And Phil s Houseplant
Phil is a literal ray of sunshine. Phil never stops smiling. The only time he is not
smiling he is joking with his roommate and pretending to be serious, or he is
concentrating on something. I learned to look at the bright side of things and put
the negative behind me. Phil never pulls away first in a hug because he thinks you
might need the hug. In Phil s video called A Day in the Life of Dan and Phil in
London Phil and Dan were making stir fry but they didn t have soy sauce, so Dan
made Phil go to the store to buy soy sauce, the store didn t have any soy sauce and
he was to awkward to leave without buying anything so he bought a kinder egg. Phil
LOVES Houseplants. Phil has too many houseplants to count. If he didn t have his
roommate,

The Pros And Cons Of A Vegetarian Diet
Healthy lifestyles have come to dominate minds of many people in our society
today, a fact that has increased many lives to recognize many exciting trends in all
aspects. As food is directly important to our health, it is no wonder people today take
concern in what they intake due to health risks such as heart diseases, diabetes, and
cancer. In particular starting a vegetarianismdiet instead of eating fast food products
would easily attain a healthier lifestyle. Most Americans suffer from diseases due
to lack of food choices which could easily be fixed. Having said people should start
taking their health more serious if wanting to live a longer and happier life, which is
why starting a vegetarian diet also becoming a vegetarian will not only help in their
health wise but also in seeing a difference.
No one wants to hear anyone tell them to go on a diet. Many people tend to get
discouraged or feel bad about themselves. Which necessarily should not be the
case. The whole point of being recommend to going on a diet is most likely for
health reasons. Most doctors today recommend a vegetarian diet which excludes
eating all red meats, avoiding refined sugars, white flour, and food products that
have chemicals. Of course there are advantages and disadvantages about this diet.
Some concerns that appear, according to Megan Stiher, A poorly planned vegetarian
diet can cause anemia, fatigue, decreased zinc, decreased vitamin C, and poor wound
healing (Szabo, 1997). Most people fear

Summary Of Pan s Labyrinth And Simple Arithmetic
Identity can be different for everyone because of everyone s individuality, how they
were raised, and what they believe and know. To me, identity is an aspect of yourself
that can change any day because of your environment and the people and culture you
choose to surround yourself with. Some of the most important factors that contribute
to one s identity include their environment and their mindset, or mainly the way they
choose to view things. These factors are prominent in Pan s Labyrinth and Simple
Arithmetic. Put together, the two texts explore and communicate the theme that you
cannot force a person s identity to change, and that you have to let people grow on
their own.
In Simple Arithmetic by Virginia Moriconi, we have a letter from a boy name
Stephen to his father about how school is so far, and about his trip back to the
boarding school from home. After that letter we also see a letter from the father
addressing everything that Stephen wrote to him about, but not in a way where he
responds like you think a close family member would. The father criticizes Stephen
s spelling mistakes, and uses them against him mockingly in the letter responding to
Stephen s. In the letters, we can see how Stephen and his father speak to each other.
Due to how Stephen s father raised him, he acts in a sort of formal business like
way due to the environment he grew up in and how he and his father have been
referring to and treating each other. Stephen views his father as some sort

Gamma Herpes Virus (EBV)
EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) also known as Gamma herpes Virus 1, is amongst a large
family of approximately 100 herpes virus, 8 of these are known to infect humans.
These are Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus,
human herpes virus 6 (variant A and B), human herpes virus 7, kaposi s sarcoma
(human herpes virus8) and EBV (gamma Herpes Virus 1). All of these are classified
into 3 different subfamilies known as alpha, beta and gamma dependant on the
specificity of cell host range and tropism. The alpha group includes Herpes simplex
virus 1 and 2, and Varicella Zoster Virus and can be described to have a broad host
cell range, a short reproductive cycle in epithelial cells and efficiently spreads well in
culture.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beta Herpes subfamily consists of CMV (cytomegalovirus HHV 5) also classified
along with HHV 6 and 7 (Human Herpes Virus 6, 7); HHV 5, 6 and 7 have similar
genetic homology. The beta subfamily has a restricted host range in vitro, except in
vivo where few types of cells including monocytes, lymphocytes and epithelial cells
can be the site of replication; HHV 6 and 7 tend to target T lymphocytes and
latently infect lymphocytes (lymphoreticular cells), secretory glands and kidneys.
The focus is on the Gamma subfamily which includes Kaposi s sarcoma Herpes
Virus (KSHV HHV8) and EBV (HHV4), usually known to infect epithelial cells in
the oral cavity, gamma herpes sub family latently infect B lymphocytes to prolong
infection and further spread in the host. EBV targets B cells in the pharynx
(nasopharnyx) leading to division of

Positive Advantages Of Millennials Staying Home During...
Advantages of Millennials Staying Home during College
For all generations, including millennials, the majority of students seeking a post
secondary degree have the traditional college experience. The traditional college
experience includes students that live on campus in a dormitory. Millennials take
longer than past generations to become independent and reach adulthood because
they are still living with their parents. Many positive factors lead millennials to stay
home: cheaper living expenses, less stress, and the ability to focus on their education.
There are also many advantages for millennials living at home for college over
millennials living in a dorm. Living at home allows students to focus on schoolwork
instead of maintaining a dorm or other distractions. Parents can teach their children
responsibilities and aid with their college work while they stay at home. While
millennials who move out experience independence at an earlier age, they pick up
negative habits such as addictions that hinder their chance of being successful.
Millennials who live at home during college have a greater advantage over students
moving out because they will have superior education, financial security,
responsibility, and no harmful habits to become successful and prosperous individuals.
Additionally, millennials staying at home during college instead of living
independently is an advantage over living alone because these millennials will
eventually become autonomous, successful

Argumentative Essay On Same Sex Marriage
Allowing same sex marriage to legally occur is currently a major debate within
Australia that has a huge presence in our contemporary society. Same sex marriage is
defined as the union of two individuals of the same gender identity and these couples
have experienced discrimination on the personal and legal level (Rich Wagner: 2016).
Not only does this debate effect the lives of same sex couples wishing to get married,
but all individuals and groups within the LGBTQIA+ community. A significant issue
with this debate are ideas of heteronormativity which seems to be one of the major
underlying arguments against marriage equality. This paper will be defining
heteronormativity, the basis of this argument, discussing how anthropological
understandings can be applied and ethnographic examples such as campaigns against
marriage equality. Ethnocentrism plays a substantial role within allowing same sex
marriageunder Australian law, as traditionalist views of marriage have overtaken
ideas of a change, however, in modern society the idea of marriage equality is more
widespread and accepted. Even with the current plebiscite being conducted there have
been many campaigns against marriage equality that prove how problematic
arguments against marriage equality are.
Heteronormativity can be defined that it assumes heterosexuality is the only accepted
norm within society and that relationships and/or marriages are only valid if the two,
and only two, individuals are of different sex.

Persuasive Essay On Littering
When you litter the world is bitter! You all know what litter is, am I right, but most
of us don t know why others litter. Maybe they don t care about their city and their
mom still picks up after them or they just might be plain stupid. I m just kidding, but
they are possible reasons, but not the reasons I am going to inform you about. Well,
some people litterbecause they don t know the consequences of their actions, here is
why it s not. Have you ever seen a sign on the road saying $500 fineif you litter?
Most people ignore it because they don t care and think they won t get fined. But I
bet litterbugs and even you didn t know that the fine was raised to $1000 in eastern
Ontario. They raised it up so people will think wisely next time they throw out their
trash. In some states of the USA, you are able to get a fine of only $500 but you
are also able to be sentenced to prison for about a year. In some cases, people must
do both or in other states like Hawaii, they punish people into doing community
service. Did you know according to CBC news that Canada is one of the few
countries that produce the most garbage in the world and the cleanest country in the
world is Switzerland. Littering can have a lot of consequences everywhere. Not just
in Canada. Littering is a huge issue and that s why countries create laws trying to
prevent people from litter more. A more affective way should be to add more
security cameras in more conservation areas because that s

Analysis Of The Poem London Will Never Be The Same
Again
Two days after:
It was gone, everything was destroyed. After what happened, London will never be
the same again. I remember everything, but by bit. It all happened so quickly. A
blink of an eye and everything was gone. R.I.P London.
1 week before:
The crisp summer air filled the local park as the vivid sun glistened in the sky. One
could hear magpies tweeting and dancing across the horizon. The unbounded vault
of celestial blue was hemmed with silver. Trees stood as majestic as soldiers,
whispering sweet secrets to each other. The luscious emerald green grass was a
carpet, as soft as wool and the clambering, azure river was muttering and lisping
through the mossy park. The salubrious, Spring aroma drifted and whirled from the
primroses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A hail of bullets whizzed and whistled through the rayless and spite filled sky. My life
was ebbing away.
The theatre of death filled up with keening and caterwauling sounds as the sodden
earth became oily with ichor. Titan red blood spurted from wounds as men groaned
and shrieked in pain. A nervous tic flickered beneath my eyes as fear settled on me
like a tidal wave.
The effluvium of death was all around us. The river had been baptised in blood and
the bitter, mordant perfume of corpses emanated from it.
CLASH!
Abruptly, the bridge split. The cars poured down one after the other as if it was a
waterfall. It was chaos. People ran to safety from different directions, confused to
what happened, whilst other people stood there watching, carelessly.
Bewildered, I ran to Mandin CafГ© . It was all over the news. Breaking news! There
has been an explosion in the River Thames but police are not sure what has caused
this. Here s Mark Evans with further information live in London.
Good evening. Live from the River Thames. As you can see, there has been an
massive explosion including a boat. There has thought to be a bomb inside the boat
which was set off as it was crossing under the London Bridge. This explains the
damage of the biridge. It has been discovered that Amanda Nicolles, Justin Madner
and Mimi Malows have unfortunately died in this tragic accident but there are over
20 people who have suffered severe, catastrophic

Influences On Children Eating Habits
Influences on children s eating habits With all this talk recently of childhood obesity
and eating healthy, have you ever wondered what influences drive children to have
different eating habits? Actually, there are many influences at work that can drive
children s eating habits, both direct and indirect. First, food advertisements can have
an influence on children s eating habits by persuading children to eat certain types of
food. Second, the parents of children can have an effect on children s eating habits
by setting an example for their children and encouraging them to eat certain types of
food. Third, social situations can have an effect on children s eating habits because of
children s modeling of others. There are many influences on childhood eating habits
in our world today. First, influence from food advertisements can have an effect on
childhood eating habits today. Kids see 10 to 13 food advertisements a day, on
average. Of these advertisements, 90% of them are considered unhealthy (Kohn). In
addition, the American Psychological Association found that kids that are under age
6 ...cannot distinguish between programming and advertising... and that children
under the age of 8 ...do not understand the persuasive intent of advertising. This
means that children are more sensitive to the effects of food advertisements when
compared to adults. These sensitivities were even more prevalent in a study by
Elsevier Health Sciences. In the study, kids were more likely to

Consequences Of Racial, Ethnic, And Gender Stereotyping
In...
Explain and discuss the presence and consequences of racial, ethnic, and gender
stereotyping in the mass media. The Subtle Influence of Mass Media
The desire to belong in society is so strong, that many problems arise out of it s
pursuit. In groups are created in order to create feelings of unity and to allow for a
collective identity. However, with the development of these in groups, come
outgroups, which are, groups toward which one feels antagonism and contempt
(Giddens). Perpetuated by mass media, this way of thinking paves a path of
discrimination, specifically targeting gender and racial differences. Often, the first
things that comes to mind of gender stereotyping in media are the unrealistic body
images women face. From the tall and unrealistically skinny models, to even a
burger ad that uses topless models, women are bombarded with the expectations of
these unobtainable yet perfect bodies by societies standards. However, this is not
where the problem all begins. One journalist describes her frustration, saying, My
search for American advertisements with girls playing with action figures and boys
using easy bake ovens was fruitless (Lantange). At a very young age, children are
taught what their roles are through even the most subtle of media. By gender
stereotyping the young children in the advertisements, young americans are being
conditioned that the women will play with the easy bake oven, a toy that hints at
future domestic chores, and the boys will play with plastic tool belts and action
figures. Another example of stereotyping in the media that often goes unnoticed is
the roles given to women in film and television. In the polarized comic strip The Rule
, it is pointed out that a movie often fails to reach three requirements. These
requirements, now referred to as the Bechdel test, state that in order to pass a movie
must have at least two women, who must talk to each other, and they must talk about
something other than a man (Bechdel). Sadly, very few movies pass this test. The
consequences of this are an audience that either does not view actresses as equally
talented to their male counterparts, or, that they are only useful for romantic interest
to the plot. These stereotypes

Personal Note On Happiness And Happiness
Happiness
When asking someone what makes them happy, you more than likely would receive
a million different answers. The general definition of happiness or being happy is a
state of well being and contentment, or a pleasurable or satisfying experience. An
individual s definition of happiness more as excitement increase in the tendency to
choose ab exciting option over a calming option; and defining happiness more as
feeling calm increase the tendency to choose a calming option over exciting
option. So, what makes people happy? The answer to what make people happy
varies depending on what they might like or be content with. To someone a plate
of hot wings or a day at the spa would make them happy. I personally think spending
time with family, friends, or a significant other is the key to being happy. I always
seem to be happiest when I m with my family, friends, or girlfriend. The need for
social connections with friends and family makes me feel so alive and very happy.
According to Dan Gilbert we all have the moral molecule which is associated with
both love and pain relief. It releases high levels of oxytocin when we think about
those we care for and love. Being happy places a major key in living a healthy life.
Love and happiness may not originate in the heart, but I believe it does make the
heart healthy. According to www.webmd.com, found that the happiest people were
22 percent less likely to develop heart disease over the 10 years of follow up than
people who fell in

Airbags Research Paper
If you are looking for a Houston car crash lawyer, there is an excellent chance that
you recently had a close encounter with an airbag. Airbags are designed to prevent
injuries in the event of a collision. Depending on the vehicle, the airbag may be
released from the dashboard, the steering wheel or the doors of the vehicle. Although
these devices are exceptionally simple in design, they still feature some innovative
pieces of technology. In order to be effective, the airbag must open faster than a car
can crash. While you may be hitting another vehicle at 60 mph, your airbag is
moving at a speed of 200 mph to keep up.
To test an airbag, car companies employ crash test dummies. Obviously, real people
would be too dangerous for testing, so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like everything else on earth, airbags and car accidents are subject to the laws of
physics. Basically, something that is heavier or faster will have more kinetic
energy. If you crash into something, this means that a heavier car or faster speed
will be throwing more force into the crash. Modern cars are made to crumple on
impact and take some of this force, but vehicle design is not always enough.
While your car structure is crumpling to take on the force of the crash, the people
and items in the vehicle still have kinetic energy as well. This means that your car
will lose energy and stop moving, but your body will still be flying through space.
Seatbelts will stop your body from moving, but your head will keep moving
forward. In severe accidents, this can cause your head to slam into the windshield or
steering wheel. To prevent this from happening, airbags are used to slow down the
momentum of your head. As your head hits the airbag, the nylon bag deflates so that
your head does not end up bouncing back into the seat. If you were recently in a car
accident and this did not occur, you should contact a Houston auto wreck attorney to
talk about your

The Death Of The King
They said that he was on his way. The battle ended sooner and he was coming to
put down the riots. I order my people to block all the gates and corridors. They
cannot give up...not when we are this far. He needs to know. He needs to know the
flaws in his kingdom that the Royal Advisor has hidden from him with false
reassurances. Ever since he had shown me his kingdom of Vita, the people became
not just my subjects, but also my responsibility. I will never stop fighting for them,
even if I have to go against him.
The first time I saw the kingdom; I was betrothed to him and set to be the future
queen. I remember how people looked at me, expectantly, as if they were yearning
for water. But what were they to expect of me? I was sold by my ... Show more
A woman stares back through one of the shards, her eyes verdant with an unknown
spark in her eyes. Her long ebony hair now lively and free, what her people will
soon be able to become. Her royal robes replaced with a cotton tunic, whose cloudy
threads seem to shine brighter than her once gold threads.
My Queen, the...the Royal advisor and his men have blown the east and west
barricades of the Temple...them... I hear a nervous young warrior stutter behind me
and my blood rushes.
Where s my king? The mention of the royal advisor made my blood boil and my
once gentle hands roll up into a fist. The royal advisor is the reason why my
children are starving, why my people are dying, why my Vita is full of sorrow. I
remember hearing him tell me how much he loved the royal advisor, how he was
his second father after his very own died of sickness. I tried to tell him, that the
one most closest to his heart was holding a dagger, ready to attack to see his
downfall; but what would I know? He told me not to worry myself in politics, not to
believe what the people are saying. The Queen is dainty, delicate, and gentle. The
Queen does not get into politics, nor does she keep anything from her king...not even
a mere saying. When I saw my subjects in misery, I decided I needed to become both
Queens. A Queen that is loyal to her king and a Queen that is loyal to her subjects;
and in my situation...I never needed to let them intertwine, until

What Are The Advantages Of Roller Skating
As early as several years ago, roller skating become very popular and I used to
dream of possessing my own pairs of Roller shoes. What attracted me was not only
their cool appearances, but more importantly, was their flying speed. Blunt as me,
I desire the shoes out of the following advantages: Firstly, roller skating is
beneficial to children s comprehensive ability improvements, which include
physical agility, powers of endurance, a good sense of balance and so forth.
Through roller skating training, a considerable level of coordination between
children s brains and bodies are likely to be achieved. Besides, based on scientific
research, children involved in sports which require quick reactions and flexibility,
such as roller skating, are liable to acquire more developments for their cerebellums.
Their kin esthetic intelligence, therefore, will be greatly improved as well and then
many consequent problems caused by the less developed intelligence are probably to
be effectively avoided. Undoubtedly,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Young beginners are inevitably to be confronted with setbacks and frustration
during the process of learning to skate well. First of all, they are demanded to
cease to weep and to stand up by their own; then, they are demanded to hold back
tears over and over again and refrain from concentrating on their pains; finally, they
are demanded to call up courage and persevere in repeatedly training, so as to get
the hang of skills to handle their Roller shoes. Of course, due to a variety of levels
of perception, it may not be too hard for some children to grasp key points of roller
skating. Moreover, the road of learning won t never be paved with upsets or
disappointments and it will also be lined with flowers and blossom. No matter how
tough it is, children are bound to grow stronger and braver when learning to face
failures and solving

The Medical Uses of Daffodils
The daffodil is very well known for its beauty but it s fairly unknown that it has
medicinal purposes as well. The flower has some questionable side effects but it is
often used to induce vomiting or for working similarly to aloe vera. Daffodils can
also be used for diseases such as cancer or Alzheimer s. It is obvious that the flower
is much more than aesthetically pleasing.
Daffodils scientific name is Narcissus pseudonarcissus. They grow at altitudes of sea
level up to 0.93 miles above that. The flowers grows wild in the woods or the
grasslands and are found in parks and gardens in the temperate regions (kew.org).
These flowers do best in full sun although they will also grow in partial shade. They
are a monocot with six outer petals and the central corona which is the trumpet or cup
for which the daffodil is known (Southern Living). These flowers are native to
northern Europe and have become increasingly popular in North America
(Encyclopaedia Britannica).
Narcissus is harvested when the flowers have overpopulated an area. The bulbs are
removed from the flower and are thinly distributed elsewhere. The daffodils are bred
by twin scaling. Twin scaling is when the bulbs are cut into long segments and are
paired off with similar parts until they are planted. The daffodils are then planted until
the cotyledon is visible and then they are often commercially sold (kew.org).
Daffodils were traditionally used to induce vomiting and as a coolant for burns and
wounds. They

What Is The Purpose Of The French Colonization In
Indochina
I.Introduction
Asia has been colonized by the western world for many centuries. Since the start of
the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first to travel to undiscovered continents,
including Asia. In addition, new trading routes for Europe revealed and created an
enormous opportunity for further expansion of western imperialism. In particular,
France, although late to colonize, decided to establish its superiority over the vacant
region of Indochina. The French existence in the Indochina territory led to a tragic
legacy of aggressiveness towards the local people.
II.The Purpose of France Aggressive Colonization on Indochina
At first, the French were not interested in Indochina. However, they began to pay
more attention and later colonized it for three main reasons. Firstly, ... Show more
In Cambodia, they found silver, tin, zinc along border with Siam. Besides these
resources, France was also impressed by the agricultural products such as peppers,
tea, fruit, silk, tobacco...etc. Moreover, they attempted to find trade route to China
because trading with China provided prosperous profit to them as well. During this
period, French enjoyed trading and spreading their religion ( French Influence
Overseas , n.d). Lastly, France needed to fully control the region in order to achieve
these advantages. Although France benefited from trading in Indochina, it also faced
some major problems. When Gia Long s son, Minh Mang in the 1820s succeeded the
throne, he worked against the French because he disliked their religion. This issue
gave negative effect to French trade. When king Minh Mang ordered those
missionaries killed, French took this opportunity to use force to defeat Vietnam(
Military , n.d). They began fully control since it was more convenient for them to do
whatever they want. Quickly colonization became to emerge in the region. In 1862,
Vietnam signed an agreement gave France the three eastern province in Cochinchina.
A year later,

The Idea Of Composting Interests Me
Introduction
Compost is organic material that can be added to soil to help plants grow. The
concept of composting interests me. I like how it s simple and has a good effect on
the environment. All composting has three basic ingredients, those are browns,
greens and water. Browns consists of materials like dead leaves, branches and twigs.
Greens consists of materials such as grass clippings, vegetable waste, fruit scraps and
coffee grounds. Having the right amount of all three of these ingredients are
important for compost development.
Compost piles should have an equal ratio of browns to greens. Brown materials
provide carbon for the compost. Green materials provide nitrogen. The water
provides moisture to help break down the organic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington
Carver all produced and promoted the use of compost. In 1905, a British agronomist
named Sir Albert Howard spent about thirty years experimenting with organic
gardening and farming. He came to the conclusion that the best compost consisted of
three times as much plant matter as manure and should be layered like a sandwich,
then turned during decomposition. Sir Albert Howard also published a book based
on his work in 1943 called, An Agriculture Testament.
J.I. Rodale built off of Sir Albert Howard s work. He introduced American gardeners
to the value of composting for improving soil quality. Today, organic methods in
gardening and farming have become increasingly popular. The number of farmers
and gardeners who had relied on chemical fertilizers are now realizing the value of
compost. They re now realizing that compost is good for plant growth and restoring
nutrients in soil.
Benefits of Composting
Benefits of composting include enriching soil, cleaning up contaminated soil,
preventing pollution and economic benefits as well. Compost helps soil retains
moisture. Fertile soil has greater moisture retention, which means less water would
be used in a garden. Compost also decreases plant diseases and pests.
In addition, compost reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers our carbon
footprint. The compost process can also eliminate wood preservatives and pesticides.
Economic

Essay on King Louis XVI and the French Revolution
In the 18th century King Louis XVI s spendings on the American Revolution
practically bankrupt the country which had brought 2 decades of poor cereal
harvest, cattle disease, and higher bread prices. Angry peasants showed their
desperation by joining groups/clans that were against high taxes, those groups
could not provide getting rid of taxes on how they always had riots and looted
people homes. King Louis XVI s controller general (Charles Alexandre de Calonne)
came up with an solution to there financial problems which would make the eligible
class of people no longer taxed and would tax the wealthy more. To support or help
with this act the king summoned the Estates General a sponsor of the clergy, the
meeting was scheduled for May... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Three days later they met at a nearby tennis court and took the Tennis Court Oath ,
vowing to not disperse until constitutional reform was in order. Within a week the
clerical disputes and 47 liberal nobles had joined them. On June 27th, King Louis
XVI granted that all three orders to be in the new assembly The rise up of the
agrarian happened quickly which also made the nobles try and flee. The leaving of
nobles from the country inspired the National Constitution Assembly to put an end to
feudalism on August 4th, 1789 signing the death certificate of the old order. As it was
called by the historian Georges Lefebvre because it was putting an end to the old
ways of order in France or as he put it death to them. On August 4th, the Assembly
adopted the Declaration of Rights for man and citizens. A statement of democratic
principles was well balanced with the philosophical and political ideas of
enlightenment thinkers. This document stated that the Assembly was Committed to
replacing the ancient rГ©gime with a new way with equal opportunity, freedom of
speech, and a representative government Drafting a constitution was much more of a
challenge then National Constituent Assembly anticipated. That added the stress of
of functioning as a legislature during harsh economic times. Months on end members
fought with the fundamental questions about the shape and expanse of

Explore What It Meant To Be An American
For the past year I have been in America to explore what it meant to be an
American. Being an American means to having tremendous pride in their country.
Some examples that show their pride is through their art, literature and music
/dance. One way Americans show their pride is through their art. The most popular
type is called folk art. Folk art is art made by ordinary people (as opposed to trained
artists) using traditional methods. Another type of art was portraits. Portraits are
accurate and realistic paintings of a person, typically done by a professional artist
but could be done by anyone. Some famous artists are John James Audubon who
painted detailed portraits of various birds. Another is George Catlin, his art

Essay On The Fall Of The House Of Usher
The fall of The House of Usher The fall of The House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe
is a deep, dark, and mysterious tale. The story begins with the narrator arriving at
the house of a childhood friend of his. He accepts an offer to stay with Roderick
Usher and his sister while they are both sickly and going through a dark and
disturbing time. The story takes a turn when both off the resident die and the
narrator runs from the house and soon watches it collapse before him. In the
beginning of the story, Poe does an impeccable job capturing the sadness and the
dreariness of the Usher s property. The narrator describes how the property fills his
spirit with sadness and woe. There are dead trees that surround the property as
well as this heavy deathly air that only covers the property of the Usher s. The
narrator describes how there was no earthly feeling which foreshadows the deaths
that happened toward the end of the tale. The dark and quiet lake in front of the
property matched the house and its empty windows. The house held a cold and
deathly gloom that struck fear at just the sight of it. The house itself resembled
irony because it was decaying and barely standing just as the residents who
occupied it. On the inside of the house, dark coverings covered that wall. The
narrator describes how obvious it was that the house had been passed down form
generations before. The tables and chairs were worn down and there were different
books that were

Elasmobranchs are a Subclass Chondrichthyes that are...
PART I The Elasmobranchs are a subclass of class Chondrichthyes. The
Chondrichthyes are classified as the Cartilaginous fishes. Aside from the
Elasmobranchs, this class has another subclass named Holocephali which is
comprised of the chimaera. The Elasmobranchs are comprised of sharks (Selachii)
and the rays and the similarly structured skates (Batoidea) Van Eyl, S. M., Siebeck,
U. E., Champ, C. M., Marshal, J., Hart, N. S. (2011). There have been fossils of
sharks found dating about 400 million years and while there is much data that
points to diversification throughout the millennia, skates and rays only appear
about 200 100 million years ago (Wilga 2005). The Elasmobranchs are classified
apart from other fishes despite their external similarities due to several key
structural differences. One of these is the absence of a swim bladder. True fishes
use this gas filled organ to control their buoyancy without having to waste physical
energy on maintaining the desired depth in water. Instead, the Elasmobranchs have
developed especially large livers that can produce and withhold large amounts of oil.
This is especially evident in the sharks where the liver can sometimes weigh up to 20
percent of their total body weight. Further characteristics that define the
Elasmobranch subclass include placoid scales or dermal denticles. These are
homologous to true scales in function but are closer in structure to teeth (hence their
name). The scales are comprised of a pulp cavity

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