This document provides an overview of key aspects of the research methodology process. It discusses how research involves exploring ideas and gathering new knowledge to expand existing boundaries. The methodology includes formulating research questions and objectives, reviewing literature to identify gaps, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings through publications. It emphasizes that research must be conducted systematically and ethically to make an original contribution through the scientific process.

1. A reflection of the research
methodology course

2. Research is
about
2
• Exploring
• Identifying
• Gathering
• Creating
• Sharing
• Reflecting

3. Expanding the
Boundary of Knowledge
3
New
Knowledge
Present
Knowledge
(state-of
the-art)
Research: to break that boundary!

4. 4
Formulation
• Background Study; Research
Question; Problem Statement
• Identify the research gap, “niche”
• Formulate Hypothesis
• Define Objectives and Scopes
Design and
Execution
• Research Design
• Execution
• Data collection
Obtain New
Knowledge
• Gathering Results,
• Analysis, Comparing,
benchmarking, Validating
• New Knowledge Formulation
Dissemination
• Papers, Reports, Thesis
• Intellectual Properties (Patent,
Copyrights

5. Research
Methodology
A systematically
methodical study in
order to prove a
hypothesis or to answer
a specific question
(research question).
It follows a series of
standard/designed
procedures and
protocols
Executed using
organized plans to
achieve the desired
goals

6. Literature Review
•Most crucial activity to
ensure research
question, gap, niche,
hypothesis is correctly
identified.
6

7. Main Sources of Literature?
Conference proceeding
Article in journals
Intellectual Property (Patent, Copyrights)
Books, Thesis/dissertations

8. Other Sources
Standard Documents
Popular press such as newspaper, magazines (rarely used:
not peer reviewed, can be biased).
Wikipedia?
(controversial: who is responsible for the content?)
Websites
Products
Datasheets

9. General
Specific
Focus
RESEARCH
QUESTION (RQ)
Identifying the GAP by
Literature Review
LOGICAL FUNNEL
Here, the GAP
Is identified

10. 10
What is
Research
Question?
A research question
is a clear, focused,
concise, complex
and arguable
question which you
centre your research
In another view
A specific problem,
issue, difficulty,
contradiction, or gap
(niche) in knowledge
that you will aim to
address in your
research.

11. Problem
Statement
11
“A Problem well-stated
(problem statement) is
a problem half-solved”

12. HYPOTHESIS
12
“intelligent guess”

13. 13
Variables and Hypothesis
13
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variable
Cause Effect
Manipulator Result
Influencer Outcome
Relationships between variables should be
noted in hypothesis

14. Objectives
14
A set of achievable action, which are
specifically designed to answer (or prove)
the hypothesis

15. 15
Keywords for Objectives
(Action Words)
To study
To design
To build
To Simulate
To evaluate
To construct
To validate To Study
To prove/disprove
To analyze

16. RESEARCH
DESIGN
“In research,
a sure way to fail
is by failing to plan”
16

17. 17

18. Main
Considerations
• Decisions have to be
made regarding
• Approach of research;
Type of research; Primary
or Secondary data?
• Financial, material,
equipment, facilities,
support needed.
• Location, logistics
• Timescale
• Participants
• Methods for collecting
data (activities)
• Methods to analyzing data
18

19. Data
collection
19
Case Study
Experiment (Laboratory, field, pilot)
Survey
Analysis: Mathematical/Statistical
Simulation
Interviews (personal)
Questionnaire (non-personal)

20. The greatest
ideas are
(literally)
worthless if
you keep
them to
yourself
If your work is good, why
keep it secret?
If is was not published, the
work is not complete

21. Disseminating research output
NEW
Knowledge
Data Information
Analysis Interpretation
Research
Execution
To be disseminated
by PUBLICATION
Article, Paper, Journal,
Thesis, Report

22. Structure of Scientific Paper: IMRAD
(Introduction, Methods, Results,
and Discussion)
• Introduction: What did you/others
do? Why did you do it?
• Methods: How did you do it?
• Results: What did you find?
• And
• Discussion: What does it all mean?

23. Article begins with
Title
Abstract
Keywords
Ends with
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Appendix (if any)

24. Research Misconduct
As defined by Office of Research Integrity,
US Dept. of Health and Human Services
• Research misconduct means fabrication,
falsification and plagiarism in proposing,
performing, or reviewing or reporting research
results
• However, honest error or difference in opinion
is not included in this definition
Known as FFP

25. FFP
Be honest!
Not worth to
gamble your
potential for
quick fame!

26. Thanks for being
patient with me
and
Best wishes in your
next research
undertaking!