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A ‘WHOLE STORY’ approach 
to understanding and 
investigating sexual assault 
and child sexual abuse. 
Mark Barnett 
SOCIT Project 
Victoria Police
2 
Approximately 144,000 Australian women will 
experience rape and/or sexual assault every 
year. 
Only 1 in 8 (approx) victims will report to police. 
9 out of 10 reports won’t make it to Court. 
Fewer than 1% of assaults ended with the 
conviction and imprisonment of the offender. 
(ABS 2007)
SOME CRITICAL MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT 
THE SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN 
 Children will immediately report abuse to a 
trusted adult 
 Children who continue a close relationship 
with the perpetrator cannot have been 
abused 
 Sexual offending does not take place in close 
proximity to other people 
 ‘Paedophiles’ are easily identifiable 
3
SOME CRITICAL MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT 
THE SEXUAL ASSAULT OF WOMEN 
 Rape victims will immediately report to 
police 
 Most perpetrators are strangers 
 Adults will clearly remember the event 
 Victims will appear visibly distressed 
 Rape victims will physically resist 
 Forensic ‘evidence’ will be present 
4
Countering misconceptions 
What are the points where the victim’s 
narrative may be critiqued? (defence, 
juries, Magistrates etc) 
Does the victim statement include 
explanations of their thoughts, feelings 
and/or reasons? (rather than just what 
happened) 
5
6 
The ‘Whole Story’ approach 
What do juries to hear to make informed 
decisions? 
Currently too much focus on victim – 
credibility/believability/what she did or didn’t 
do 
Balance the story of the victim and the suspect 
in the minds of jurors – allow them the best 
opportunity for comparison
The ‘Whole Story’ approach 
 Offending begins in the mind of the offenders 
(NOT with the behaviour of victims) 
 Victims are often unaware of all the ways 
they were manipulated. 
 All offenders attempt to generate the 
“relationship” they want (It’s not just “do that” 
– it’s “be like that”) 
 Every offending ‘relationship’ is unique
Relationship AND Events 
 Sexual offending is about 
relationships 
 The Criminal Justice System needs to 
particularise ‘events’ 
 How does this change the way we 
perceive victim behaviour?
Victim Behaviour 
FIGHT – FLIGHT 
FREEZE – SURRENDER
10 
OFFENDING BEGINS IN THE MINDS 
OF OFFENDERS! 
     
GROOMING 
 
UNIQUE SIGNIFIERS 
POINTS OF CONFIRMATION 

Grooming 
A concept now familiar from the on-line 
world 
The establishment of power / control 
/authority 
The establishment of a sexual ‘relationship’
Unique signifiers 
Each ‘relationship’ will include unique 
words, phrases, gestures, rituals, 
routines, games, names for body parts, 
names for sexual activities etc. 
Memory prompts 
Visceral experience of memory 
Cognitive load?
Points of confirmation 
An extension of corroboration concept 
Points of Disconfirmation?
The Whole Story Approach 
Teaching Specialist Detectives to 
understand the dynamics of sexual assault 
and child sexual abuse and then to use that 
understanding to gather the ‘Whole Story’ 
so that Courts and Juries can make better 
informed decisions. 
14
FIN 
15

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2.10.1 mr mark barnett

  • 1. A ‘WHOLE STORY’ approach to understanding and investigating sexual assault and child sexual abuse. Mark Barnett SOCIT Project Victoria Police
  • 2. 2 Approximately 144,000 Australian women will experience rape and/or sexual assault every year. Only 1 in 8 (approx) victims will report to police. 9 out of 10 reports won’t make it to Court. Fewer than 1% of assaults ended with the conviction and imprisonment of the offender. (ABS 2007)
  • 3. SOME CRITICAL MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN  Children will immediately report abuse to a trusted adult  Children who continue a close relationship with the perpetrator cannot have been abused  Sexual offending does not take place in close proximity to other people  ‘Paedophiles’ are easily identifiable 3
  • 4. SOME CRITICAL MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE SEXUAL ASSAULT OF WOMEN  Rape victims will immediately report to police  Most perpetrators are strangers  Adults will clearly remember the event  Victims will appear visibly distressed  Rape victims will physically resist  Forensic ‘evidence’ will be present 4
  • 5. Countering misconceptions What are the points where the victim’s narrative may be critiqued? (defence, juries, Magistrates etc) Does the victim statement include explanations of their thoughts, feelings and/or reasons? (rather than just what happened) 5
  • 6. 6 The ‘Whole Story’ approach What do juries to hear to make informed decisions? Currently too much focus on victim – credibility/believability/what she did or didn’t do Balance the story of the victim and the suspect in the minds of jurors – allow them the best opportunity for comparison
  • 7. The ‘Whole Story’ approach  Offending begins in the mind of the offenders (NOT with the behaviour of victims)  Victims are often unaware of all the ways they were manipulated.  All offenders attempt to generate the “relationship” they want (It’s not just “do that” – it’s “be like that”)  Every offending ‘relationship’ is unique
  • 8. Relationship AND Events  Sexual offending is about relationships  The Criminal Justice System needs to particularise ‘events’  How does this change the way we perceive victim behaviour?
  • 9. Victim Behaviour FIGHT – FLIGHT FREEZE – SURRENDER
  • 10. 10 OFFENDING BEGINS IN THE MINDS OF OFFENDERS!      GROOMING  UNIQUE SIGNIFIERS POINTS OF CONFIRMATION 
  • 11. Grooming A concept now familiar from the on-line world The establishment of power / control /authority The establishment of a sexual ‘relationship’
  • 12. Unique signifiers Each ‘relationship’ will include unique words, phrases, gestures, rituals, routines, games, names for body parts, names for sexual activities etc. Memory prompts Visceral experience of memory Cognitive load?
  • 13. Points of confirmation An extension of corroboration concept Points of Disconfirmation?
  • 14. The Whole Story Approach Teaching Specialist Detectives to understand the dynamics of sexual assault and child sexual abuse and then to use that understanding to gather the ‘Whole Story’ so that Courts and Juries can make better informed decisions. 14