Nokia started as a paper mill in 1865 and eventually merged with rubber and cable companies to form Nokia Corporation in 1967. It began as the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer, introducing innovations like the first GSM call in 1981, Snake game in 1997, and first 3G phone in 2002. Nokia had a flat organizational structure and culture that promoted flexibility, openness, and new ideas. It emphasized diversity, employee learning and development, and work-life balance. Nokia also focused on environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility initiatives around disaster relief, education, health, and community projects. Key lessons from Nokia include attracting skilled talent, managing innovation, and building processes that are difficult for competitors to imitate.