loading protocols in dental implants about indications and contraindications of conventional , immediate,progressive and delayed loading of dental implants
Osseointegration is an important topic in implant dentistry.
I had combined the information and summed up in way to write an essay for final yr Pg exam..i hope this will be helpful.
This presentation describes the occlusion evaluation, its role in periodontal disease and occlusal therapy. Various diagnostic options and treatment options opted for occlusal correction.
loading protocols in dental implants about indications and contraindications of conventional , immediate,progressive and delayed loading of dental implants
Osseointegration is an important topic in implant dentistry.
I had combined the information and summed up in way to write an essay for final yr Pg exam..i hope this will be helpful.
This presentation describes the occlusion evaluation, its role in periodontal disease and occlusal therapy. Various diagnostic options and treatment options opted for occlusal correction.
This seminar deals with implant-related complications that lead to implant failure.this also discus diagnostic criteria and preventive methods for an implant failure.
The content covers majority of the aspect of immediate implant placement - why immediate implants?, case selection, decision making, classifications, surgical technique, healing following immediate implant placement, immediate implants in infected sockets/periapical infections, literature reviews and recommendations for clinical practice.
Soft tissue considerations for implant placementGanesh Nair
pre and post soft tissue considerations prior and post implant placement including various surgical technique for simple and advanced soft tissue augmentation
Bone replacement grafts are widely used to promote
bone formation and periodontal regeneration.
Xenografts are grafts shared between different species.
Currently, there are two available sources of xenografts
used as bone replacement grafts in periodontics: bovine
bone and natural coral.
The biological fixation determines the longevity of dental implant treatment. It ensures the long term survival of dental implant. Better the osseointegration,higher will be the survival rate
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Anatomical considerations for placing dental implants.
all the basic anatomical landmarks and considerations which are to be taken care off before and while placing a dental implant.
any type of implant it may be...wether endossous or subperiosteal or tranosteal.
lack of knowledge of basic anatomy will never lead to success of implant.
This seminar deals with implant-related complications that lead to implant failure.this also discus diagnostic criteria and preventive methods for an implant failure.
The content covers majority of the aspect of immediate implant placement - why immediate implants?, case selection, decision making, classifications, surgical technique, healing following immediate implant placement, immediate implants in infected sockets/periapical infections, literature reviews and recommendations for clinical practice.
Soft tissue considerations for implant placementGanesh Nair
pre and post soft tissue considerations prior and post implant placement including various surgical technique for simple and advanced soft tissue augmentation
Bone replacement grafts are widely used to promote
bone formation and periodontal regeneration.
Xenografts are grafts shared between different species.
Currently, there are two available sources of xenografts
used as bone replacement grafts in periodontics: bovine
bone and natural coral.
The biological fixation determines the longevity of dental implant treatment. It ensures the long term survival of dental implant. Better the osseointegration,higher will be the survival rate
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Anatomical considerations for placing dental implants.
all the basic anatomical landmarks and considerations which are to be taken care off before and while placing a dental implant.
any type of implant it may be...wether endossous or subperiosteal or tranosteal.
lack of knowledge of basic anatomy will never lead to success of implant.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
3. INTRODUCTION
• Peri-implantitis has been a growing issue
in dentistry. Although the long-term overall
implant survival rate is reported to be 97%
(Busenlechner et al., 2014), survival rates
do not take into account the presence of
peri-implantitis among existing implants.
• Systematic review and meta-analysis after
at least 5 years of function show that
18.8% of patients have peri-implantitis
(Atieh, Alsabeeha, Faggion, & Duncan,
2013).
4. • According to a recent report from a Swedish population with
9-year follow-up, 45% of all patients presented with peri-
implantitis. Moderate/severe peri-implantitis was diagnosed
in 14.5%. (Derks et al., 2016). Daubert, Weinstein, Bordin,
Leroux, and Flemmig (2015) investigated the prevalence of
peri-implantitis in a US population with mean follow-up time
of 10.9 years and reported a 16% implant level prevalence
of peri-implantitis.
• It is critical to have a better understanding of the risk
factors for peri-implantitis in order to prevent it.
5. • Risk indicators for peri-implant disease have been identified in
pre- vious studies. Poor oral hygiene, history of periodontitis and
cigarette smoking are important factors associated with peri-
implant disease (Ferreira, Silva, Cortelli, Costa, & Costa, 2006;
Karoussis et al., 2003; Roos-Jansåker, Renvert, Lindahl, &
Renvert, 2006). Diabetes has also been linked with peri-
implantitis risk (Daubert et al., 2015).
• Derks et al. (2016) demonstrated higher odds ratios for
moderate to severe peri-implantitis in patients with periodontitis
and with ≥4 implants, as well as implants of certain brands and
prosthetic therapy delivered by general practitioners. Higher
odds ratios were also identified for implants placed in the
mandible and with crown restoration margins positioned ≤1.5
mm from the crestal bone at baseline. Excess cement was
identified as a possible risk indicator. (Staubli, Walter, Schmidt,
Weiger, & Zitzmann, 2016).
6. • The restoration contour of fixed dental prostheses on natural
teeth has been reported to have an impact on the periodontium.
Numerous studies since the early 1970s have been conducted to
understand the effects of restoration contours on gingival
inflammation. To our knowledge, restoration contour as a risk
factor for peri-implantitis has not been assessed in a clinical trial.
• The glossary of prosthodontic terms (2005) describes two specific
terms for restoration contours:
Emergence angle is defined as the angle of an
implant restoration’s transitional contour as
determined by the relation of the surface of the
abutment to the long axis of the implant body.
Emergence profile is defined as the contour of a
tooth or restoration, such as a crown on a natural
tooth or dental implant abutment, as it relates to
the adjacent tissues.
7. • We hypothesized that over-contoured restorations, defined
as having a wide emergence angle and/or convex profile,
would increase the risk for peri-implantitis.
• The aim of this study was to analyse a cross-sectional data
set comparing healthy implants to those diagnosed with
peri-implantitis to determine whether emergence angle
and profile were associated with the prevalence of peri-
implantitis.
For the PURPOSE of this article
8. 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD
• University of Washington
• 1998 and 2003
• 96 patients presented for a follow-up ex- amination (48 males and
48 females, aged 34 to 86 years; mean ± SD age: 67.6 ± 10.6
years) with a total of 225 implants included.
• Radiographs taken : initial remodelling/At the follow-up
examination.
• Peri-implantitis was defined as the presence of BOP and/or sup-
puration, with 2 mm of detectable bone loss after initial
remodelling, and PD ≥4 mm.
Patients inclusion protocol
10. Radiographic analysis
• Using film holders to ensure
paralleling technique and diminish
distortion of the image.
• Assess the emergence angle and
profile of restorations
• blinded to the implant status
(healthy, peri- implant mucositis
or peri-implantitis)
• Examples of emergence angle
and profile assessments are
shown (Figure 1)
• Each emergence profile was
categorized as either concave,
straight or convex.
11. Statistical analysis
• Analyses of emergence angle as a dichotomous
variable (less than or equal to 30 degrees versus
greater than 30 degrees) used ANOVA models to
assess main effects of emergence angle and profile as
well as their interaction for each type of implant
(bone level and tissue level).
• We used logistic regression models with emergence
angle as a continuous variable to plot estimated peri-
implantitis prevalence versus emergence angle. We
also used logistic regression models to build a
predictive model for peri-implantitis.
12. RESULTS
• 83 patients with 168 implants were included in the radio-
graphic analysi:
bone-level group : 101 implants, placed in 59 unique
patients
the tissue-level group, 67 implants placed in 27 unique
patients.
• Implant level prevalence of peri-implantitis : (Table 1)
bone-level group : 22.8%
tissue-level group : 7.5%
peri-implantitis
13. • Thirteen patients and 57 implants were excluded
radiographic analysis
Distribution of emergence angle and profile
There was no statistically
significant difference in
the distribution either
within a group or
between groups
Emergence angles
tended to be larger for
convex profiles (mean
37.5, SD 11.7) compared
with straight or concave
profiles (mean 26.7, SD
8.9).
14. Prevalence of peri-implantitis by emergence angle
• Average mesial and distal emergence angles were the same. The
mean of the emergence angle ranged from 25 to 29 degrees.
Therefore, we decided to use 30 degrees as a threshold for over-
contour. This angle was used as a benchmark in a prior animal
study where 30 degrees was described as a normal contour (Kohal,
Gerds, & Strub, 2003; Kohal, Pelz, & Strub, 2004).
• Implant level prevalence of peri-
implantitis : (Table 1)
bone-level group : peri-
implantitis was significantly
greater when the emergence
angle was >30 degrees compared
to an angle of ≤30 degrees
(31.3% compared to 15.1%, p
= .04)
15. Prevalence of peri-implantitis by emergence profile
• In the bone-level group, the prevalence of peri-implantitis was
28.8% with a convex profile when compared to 16.3% with a
straight or concave profile. The difference was not statistically
significant. In the tissue-level group, the emergence profile was not
associated with peri-implantitis (Table 4).
16. Prevalence of peri-implantitis by a combined effect of
emergence angle and profile
• An interaction plot for the bone-level group
showed that the highest rate of peri-implantitis
(37.8%) occurred when a convex profile was
combined with a restoration emergence angle of
>30 degrees. Regression analysis found a
statistically significant interaction between the
restoration emergence angle and emergence
profile (p = .003)
17. • Are restoration contours related to peri-implantitis?
This is a valuable question to ask. Not enough
literature is available to support the superiority of
implant-supported restoration design, such as shape
and emergence profile in relation to implant health.
• Canullo et al. (2016) classified peri-implantitis into three
categories, surgically triggered, prosthetically triggered
and plaque-induced peri- implantitis, based on the
specific predictive profile.
• Derks et al. (2016) reported that prosthetic therapy
delivered by general practitioners exhibited higher odds
ratios for peri-implantitis as well as implants with crown
restoration margins positioned ≤1.5 mm from the
crestal bone.
Discussion
18. • Our study provides novel information regarding
prosthesis design characteristics for bone-level
implants. The position of an implant, its direction
and its diameter affect the emergence angle and
emergence profile. Therefore, the resulting
restoration contours are determined not only by
the restorative dentists and laboratory technicians,
but are also influenced by the implant position.
The results of this study may aid in decision-
making when selecting the size of implant and
deciding implant position at surgery as well as
restoring implant.
19. • In contrast to the bone-level group, the prevalence of
peri-implantitis in the tissue-level group was not
affected by either the emergence angle or profile. The
platform of the implant in this group is typically at the
tissue level so that a wider emergence angle and a
convex profile may not affect the peri-implant tissue.
The data, how- ever, need to be interpreted with
caution. Only 27 patients with 67 implants were
included in the tissue-level group, and the prevalence
of peri-implantitis in this group was 7.5%.
• This study, the outcome parameter was the status of
the implant, not the marginal bone loss on each
interproximal site. Therefore, the direct association
between the restoration contour and the marginal
bone loss were unknown.
Limitation
20. 1. A question may also arise regarding the facial and lingual
aspects of the restoration contour. Computed tomography is
applicable to assess those aspects at follow-up examination.
2. In general, the emergence angle on platform switching
implants may become larger than the emergence angle on non-
platform-switched implants, implying the platform switching
implants may increase the risk for peri-implantitis according to
the present study. A larger scale long-term study assessing the
prevalence of peri-implantitis in platform switching
implants and its relation to restoration contours is warranted.
Future research
21. • To our best knowledge, this is the first cross-sectional study to
assess restoration contours related to the prevalence of peri-
implantitis.
• In this present study, restoration emergence angle and emergence
profile (convex, straight, concave) were assessed to determine
whether they are associated with peri-implantitis. For bone-level
implants, a restoration emergence angle >30 degrees on at least
one proximal surface was associated with a higher rate of peri-
implantitis. The highest rate of peri-implantitis was found when a
convex profile was combined with a restoration emergence angle of
>30 degrees.
• These results suggest that an over-contoured restoration on a
dental implant (wide emergence angle and convex profile) may have
a negative impact on the peri-implant health, and increase the risk
of developing peri-implantitis, supporting our primary hypothesis.
22. CONCLUSION
• Wider restoration emergence angle
represents a significant risk indicator for peri-
implantitis in bone-level implants, and a
convex profile is an additional risk when
combined with it.
• Our results suggest that a shallower
emergence angle with a straight or
concave profile at the interproximal sites
should be considered to minimize peri-
implantitis risk for bone-level implants.