This document provides a summary of Jim Spohrer's presentation on "Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives" given to the 2022 UC Merced Service Science class. The presentation covered several key topics:
1) It discussed two approaches to the future - artificial intelligence which focuses on building capable machine systems, and service science which studies transformation and building smarter socio-technical systems.
2) It presented a conceptual framework for service science that views it as a transdisciplinary approach to studying service systems.
3) It emphasized that as artificial intelligence and digital technologies continue advancing, they require investing wisely to improve service and understanding through better science, logics, and architectures.
Let's Talk: fundamentals of conversational designNikita Lukianets
I had a pleasure to teach conversation design at Lviv Data Science Summer School. We’ve discussed architectural approaches, covered semantic funnels and goal-oriented conversations. This presentation was used as a support material and I decided to share it with a wider audience. There are multiple articles introducing chatbots as a concept, including the main architectural principles behind. I’m not going to talk about them here, but rather I am presenting the anatomy of conversation and useful resources to get started with design and development: links to platforms, dialog engines, prototyping tools, connectors, intent recognition, and conversation analytics tools.
Blockchain Overview: Possibilities and IssuesBohyun Kim
Slides for the opening panel discussion given at the Blockchain National Forum, San Jose, CA., August 6, 2018, by Bohyun Kim - https://ischoolblogs.sjsu.edu/blockchains/national-forum/
Law, Ethics and Tech Aspects for an Irrevocable BlockChain Based Curriculum V...eraser Juan José Calderón
Law, Ethics and Tech Aspects for an Irrevocable
BlockChain Based Curriculum Vitae Created by Big
Data Analytics Fed by Internet of Things, Sensors and
Approved Data Sources. Vasilios Kanavas, Athanasios Zisopoulos & Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos
Let's Talk: fundamentals of conversational designNikita Lukianets
I had a pleasure to teach conversation design at Lviv Data Science Summer School. We’ve discussed architectural approaches, covered semantic funnels and goal-oriented conversations. This presentation was used as a support material and I decided to share it with a wider audience. There are multiple articles introducing chatbots as a concept, including the main architectural principles behind. I’m not going to talk about them here, but rather I am presenting the anatomy of conversation and useful resources to get started with design and development: links to platforms, dialog engines, prototyping tools, connectors, intent recognition, and conversation analytics tools.
Blockchain Overview: Possibilities and IssuesBohyun Kim
Slides for the opening panel discussion given at the Blockchain National Forum, San Jose, CA., August 6, 2018, by Bohyun Kim - https://ischoolblogs.sjsu.edu/blockchains/national-forum/
Law, Ethics and Tech Aspects for an Irrevocable BlockChain Based Curriculum V...eraser Juan José Calderón
Law, Ethics and Tech Aspects for an Irrevocable
BlockChain Based Curriculum Vitae Created by Big
Data Analytics Fed by Internet of Things, Sensors and
Approved Data Sources. Vasilios Kanavas, Athanasios Zisopoulos & Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos
Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systemsPetar Radanliev
The results determine a new hierarchical cascading conceptual framework for analysing the evolution of AI decision-making in cyber physical systems. We argue that such evolution is inevitable and autonomous because of the increased integration of connected devices (IoT) in cyber physical systems. To support this argument, taxonomic methodol- ogy is adapted and applied for transparency and justifications of concepts selection decisions through building summary maps that are applied for designing the hierarchical cascading conceptual framework.
Internet of Things IoT Meaning, Application and Challengesijtsrd
The idea of making self- communicating devices conceived back in 1999 however it caught attention only after the British Entrepreneur Kevin Ashton christened the term Internet of Things. Since then, many distinguished researchers and other academicians of this domain have been adding significant knowledge on the fundamental concepts of IoT in the form of extensive researches, review papers and visual presentations. Here, in this paper, we are shedding light on the core concepts of Internet of Things. We further examine the potential impact of other existing or establishing technologies on IoT. We are presenting an extensive multi-facet report on the implementation of IoT while addressing many probable challenges that may occur in future. Ibrar Ahmed | Shilpi | Mohammad Amjad "Internet of Things (IoT) Meaning, Application and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18773.pdf
The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live, and play. Projections for the impact of IoT on the Internet and economy are impressive, with some anticipating as many as 100 billion connected IoT devices and a global economic impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025.
Robots: What Could Go Wrong? What Could Go Right? Bohyun Kim
A presentation given at the ALA Midwinter Conference, Philadelphia, PA. Jan. 26, 2020 by Bohyun Kim, CTO/Associate Professor at the University of Rhode Island Libraries.
Concept computing is the next paradigm for Internet and enterprise software. Concept computing is a:
-- Paradigm shift from information-centric to knowledge-driven patterns of computing.
-- Spectrum of knowledge representation, from search to knowing.
-- Synthesis of AI, semantic, model-driven, mobile, and User interface technologies.
-- Solution Architecture where every aspect of computing is semantic and directly model-driven.
-- Development methodology where Every stage of the solution lifecycle becomes semantic, model-driven & super-productive.
-- New domain where value multiplies.
The Potential and Challenges of Today's AIBohyun Kim
A preconference presentation given by Bohyun Kim, CTO and Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island Libraries, at the NISO Plus Conference at Baltimore, MD on February 23, 2020.
Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systemsPetar Radanliev
The results determine a new hierarchical cascading conceptual framework for analysing the evolution of AI decision-making in cyber physical systems. We argue that such evolution is inevitable and autonomous because of the increased integration of connected devices (IoT) in cyber physical systems. To support this argument, taxonomic methodol- ogy is adapted and applied for transparency and justifications of concepts selection decisions through building summary maps that are applied for designing the hierarchical cascading conceptual framework.
Internet of Things IoT Meaning, Application and Challengesijtsrd
The idea of making self- communicating devices conceived back in 1999 however it caught attention only after the British Entrepreneur Kevin Ashton christened the term Internet of Things. Since then, many distinguished researchers and other academicians of this domain have been adding significant knowledge on the fundamental concepts of IoT in the form of extensive researches, review papers and visual presentations. Here, in this paper, we are shedding light on the core concepts of Internet of Things. We further examine the potential impact of other existing or establishing technologies on IoT. We are presenting an extensive multi-facet report on the implementation of IoT while addressing many probable challenges that may occur in future. Ibrar Ahmed | Shilpi | Mohammad Amjad "Internet of Things (IoT) Meaning, Application and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18773.pdf
The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live, and play. Projections for the impact of IoT on the Internet and economy are impressive, with some anticipating as many as 100 billion connected IoT devices and a global economic impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025.
Robots: What Could Go Wrong? What Could Go Right? Bohyun Kim
A presentation given at the ALA Midwinter Conference, Philadelphia, PA. Jan. 26, 2020 by Bohyun Kim, CTO/Associate Professor at the University of Rhode Island Libraries.
Concept computing is the next paradigm for Internet and enterprise software. Concept computing is a:
-- Paradigm shift from information-centric to knowledge-driven patterns of computing.
-- Spectrum of knowledge representation, from search to knowing.
-- Synthesis of AI, semantic, model-driven, mobile, and User interface technologies.
-- Solution Architecture where every aspect of computing is semantic and directly model-driven.
-- Development methodology where Every stage of the solution lifecycle becomes semantic, model-driven & super-productive.
-- New domain where value multiplies.
The Potential and Challenges of Today's AIBohyun Kim
A preconference presentation given by Bohyun Kim, CTO and Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island Libraries, at the NISO Plus Conference at Baltimore, MD on February 23, 2020.
Guest lecture for
Course: Front Lines on Adoption of Digital and AI-based Service Offerings
Course URL: https://www.nhh.no/en/courses/front-lines-on-adoption-of-digital-and-ai-based-services/
Prof Tor Andreassen LI URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tor-wallin-andreassen-1aa9031/
Brno-IESS 20240206 v10 service science ai.pptxISSIP
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
AI and Education 20240327 v16 for Northeastern.pptxISSIP
Prof. Mark L. Miller (https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlmiller751/), Northeastern University, class on AI and Education
Speaker: Jim Spohrer (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/)
===
Speaker: Dr. Jim Spohrer, retired Apple and IBM executive, currently Board of Directors for ISSIP.org (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals).
Title: AI and Education: A Historical Perspective and Possible Future Directions
Abstract: This talk will briefly survey my 50 years working in the area of AI & Education. At MIT (1974- 1978), MIT's summer EXPLO schools for AI and entrepreneurship classes. At Verbex (1978-1982), speech recognition, language models, early generative AI. At Yale (1982-1989), MARCEL, a generate- test-and-debug architecture and student model of programming bugs. At Apple (1989-1998), from content (SK8) to community (EOE) to context (WorldBoard). At IBM (1999 - 2021), service science and open source AI. At ISSIP (2021-present), generative AI and digital twins.
Bio:Jim’s Bio (142 words):
Jim Spohrer is a student of service science and open-source, trusted AI. He is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM), who is a member of the Board of Directors of the non-profit International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP). At IBM, he served as Director for Open Source AI/Data, Global University Programs, IBM Almaden Service Research, and CTO IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. At Apple, he achieved Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist (DEST) for authoring and learning platforms. After MIT (BS/Physics), he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon), then Yale (PhD/Computer Science AI). With over ninety publications and nine patents, awards include AMA ServSIG Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline, Evert Gummesson Service Research, Vargo-Lusch Service-Dominant Logic, Daniel Berg Service Systems, and PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. In 2021, Jim was appointed a UIDP Senior Fellow (University-Industry Demonstration Partnership).
Readings:Apple's ATG Authoring Tools:
URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/279044.279173 Blog: WorldBoard
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/2060 Blog: Reflecting on Generative AI and Digital Twins
URL: https://service-science.info/archives/6521 Book: Service in the AI Era
Attached: Pages 46-54.Video: Speech Recognition (History)
URL: https://youtu.be/G9z4VAsw_kw
Thanks, -Jim
--Jim Spohrer, PhDBoard of Directors, ISSIP (International Society of Service Innovation Professionals) Board of Directors, ServCollab ("Serving Humanity Through Collaboration")Senior Fellow, UIDP ("Strengthening University-Industry Partnerships")Retired Industry Executive (Apple, IBM)
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
March 20, 2024
Host Ganesan Narayanasamy (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ganesannarayanasamy/)
Uploaded here:
===
Event 20230320
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ganesannarayanasamy_productnation-semiconductorproductnation-activity-7174119132114620418-jvpx
Themed Shaping a Sustainable $1 Trillion Era, semicondynamics.org 2024 will gather industry experts on March 20th at Milpitas, California , for insights into the latest trends and innovations Accelerating AI with Semiconductor RTL Front end services and workforce development. The event will feature keynotes from the Semiconductor ecosystem, academia and Industries.
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
It my pleasure to be with you all today – thanks to my host for the opportunity to speak with you all today.
Host: Leonard Walletzky <qwalletz@fi.muni.cz> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/leonardwalletzky/) +420 549 49 7690
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aUvbsmwAAAAJ&hl=cs
Katrina Motkova (https://www.linkedin.com/in/kateřina-moťková-mba-a964a3175/en/?originalSubdomain=cz)
Speaker: Jim Spohrer <spohrer@gmail.com> (https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) +1-408-829-3112
I am Jim Spohrer, a retired Apple and IBM Executive, and currently a UIDP Senior Fellow, on the Board of Directors of ISSIP and ServCollab.
I am retired, meaning my primary activities are family-oriented – families are the oldest and most important type of service systems
I volunteer to help non-profits, mentor students, professionals, and retiree (some in retirement communities where the average age is 85) on AI & service science
My hobbies are hiking, reading, programming, and building my AI digital twin and humanoid robots for maintaining farms and farming equipment.
My hobbies are also trying to understand as much as I can about the system called the universe and mult-verse, and robots to rapidly rebuild civilization including themselves from scratch.
2001 - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Desitiny (Wright) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonzero:_The_Logic_of_Human_Destiny
2015 - Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology - https://www.amazon.com/Geek-Heresy-Rescuing-Social-Technology/dp/161039528X
2021 - Humankind: A Hopeful History (Bregman) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humankind:_A_Hopeful_History
Humankind - https://www.amazon.com/Humankind-Hopeful-History-Rutger-Bregman/dp/0316418536
Humankind Book Review - https://service-science.info/archives/5654
2022 - Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives (2022) by Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg - https://www.amazon.com/Service-AI-Era-Architecture-Perspectives/dp/1637423039
2023 - Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity-Centered (2023) by Don Norman - https://www.amazon.com/Design-Better-World-Meaningful-Sustainable/dp/0262047950/
20240104 HICSS Panel on AI and Legal Ethical 20240103 v7.pptxISSIP
20240103 HICSS Panel
Ethical and legal implications raised by Generative AI and Augmented Reality in the workplace.
Souren Paul - https://www.linkedin.com/in/souren-paul-a3bbaa5/
Event: https://kmeducationhub.de/hawaii-international-conference-on-system-sciences-hicss/
Congratulations to the organizers of the “Symposium for Celebrating 40 Years of Bayesian Learning in Speech and Language Processing” and to Prof. Chin-Hui Lee of Georgia Tech the Honorary Chair of the Symposium.
Thanks to Huck Yang (Amazon) for the invitation to record this short message.
Huck Yang
URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huckyang/
Event: https://bayesian40.github.io
Recording:
Slides:
URL: https://professionalschool.eitdigital.eu/generative-ai-essentials
Course on Generative Al
Description:
Generative AI is a world-changing power tool that is getting better by the day. So now is the time to get truly inspired, climb up the learning curve, and unleash more of your creative potential.
Learning Topics:
* Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future
* Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory
* Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era
What You'll Take Away:
By the end of this session, you'll understand the importance of upskilling with today's generative AI tools to get more work done, both faster and at higher quality, as well as some pitfalls to avoid, all within the broader context of the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intelligence Augmentation (IA).
Learning Topics
Inspiration: What is Generative AI in the context of AI's history, present, and future.
Climbing Up: Ways to accelerate your learning trajectory.
Unleashing Creativity: Ways to stay future-ready in the AI era.
Deep dive into ChatGPT's features.
Techniques for basic and advanced prompting and real-world applications.
Spohrer Open Innovation Reflections 20230911 v2.pptxISSIP
September 11, 2023
Berkeley Innovation Forum
Open Innovation Journey
Henry Chesbrough, Solomon Darwin, Jim Spohrer
https://corporateinnovation.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BIF-Fall2023-7.28.23.pdf
Pre-Event: Monday, September 11, 2023 at The CITRIS Innovation Hub
UC Berkeley, 330 Sutardja Dai Hall, MC 1764
7:45pm - 8:30pm
8:45pm
Fireside Chat: The Open Innovation Journey - Moderated by Henry Chesbrough
Henry Chesbrough
Faculty Director, Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation, UC Berkeley
Olga Diamandis
Former Disney, Smuckers, Mattel, P&G Executive
Jim Spohrer
Former Exec: IBM, Distinguished Scientist at Apple, Director of IBM AI
Nitin Narkhede
General Manager, Emerging Technologies and Innovation, Wipro
Bus pick-up to Hotel Shattuck Plaza
Henry Chesbrough is a professor at the Haas Business School, UC Berkeley, and faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation. An internationally acclaimed author, Dr. Chesbrough’s Open Innovation concept was first introduced in his award-winning book, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (2003). When he coined the term Open Innovation, he defined an approach that companies around the globe now use to innovate. Today, Chesbrough works directly with companies through Garwood’s programs to apply the principles of Open Innovation, and he continues to refine our understanding through his research and books.
Olga Diamandis is the senior manager at TE Connectivity. Previously, she served as principal technical architect at the Walt Disney Company. She also worked as principal scientst of innovation & knowledge management at The J.M. Smucker Company. Before that, she served as senior manager of Open Innovation at Mattel. She also has experience as a manager of global business development at Procter & Gamble, alongside a previous managerial role at Nestle.
Jim Spohrer previously served as IBM Director of Cognitive OpenTech - which includes open source AI/ML/DL - as well as director of IBM’s deep question-answering system Watson. Prior to that, he worked as a Distinguished Scientist in Learning Research at Apple Computer, Inc. where he developed SK8, Educational Object Economy - an open source learning object community - as well as WorldBoard which served as a vision for Planetary Augmented Reality system.
Nitin Narkhede is General Manager of Emerging Technologies and Innovation at Wipro Technologies. He is responsible for the development of new services and solutions based on emerging trends and technologies at Wipro. Nitin has been in the forefront of a number of technology and business model transitions during his 20 years of work at Wipro. Prior to his current assignment, he managed Wipro’s e-Business Solutions Practice in the Americas. Nitin has over 23 years of experience in the technology industry spanning IT strategy and planning, information systems and software product development, technology strategy and innovation management.
Host:
Bart Raynaud - https://www.linkedin.com/in/bart-raynaud-160a0318/
Title: AI: Past, Present, and Future
Abstract: In 1956, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined for a workshop at Dartmouth. Since then there has been waxing and waning enthusiasm and investment, so called "AI Winters" after hype, did not live up to reality. In late 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, and over 100 million users in just 60 days, there is a new wave of hype, investment, excitement, and increased fears of AI use by 'bad actors' for misinformation and other harms to society. What are the future trajectories as this technology is tamed and becomes routine? Are we about to enter a 'golden age' of service in business and society, as technology comes to the service sector, as it came to agriculture and manufacturing in the past?
Bio: Jim Spohrer is a retired industry executive (Apple, IBM). In the 1970's, after graduating MIT with a degree in physics, he worked at an AI startup doing speech recognition with mathematical models. In the 1980's, after completing his PhD in Computer Science/AI & Cognitive Science at Yale, he moved to California to join Apple and work on AI for Education. In the late 1990's, he joined IBM as CTO of the Venture Capital Relations group during the internet investment boom, and later started IBM Research's service research area, led IBM Global University Programs, and led IBM's open source AI efforts. Jim's most recent co-authored book, "Service in the AI Era" was published in late 2022.
Talk at SRI for Post Industrial Forum
June 28, 2023 5pm-8pm
https://post-industrial.institute/forum/
Frode Odegard invitation
https://www.linkedin.com/in/odegard/
Global Advanced Management Program
All India Management Association
Program Director: Professor Solomon Darwin, UC Berkeley
Expanding Markets by Leveraging Emerging Technologies
Agenda: June 25 – July 01, 2023
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. 2022 Service Science – UC Merced Class
Service in the AI Era:
Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives
Jim Spohrer
Retired IBM Executive (1998-2021)
UDIP Senior Fellow & Member ISSIP.org
Questions: spohrer@gmail.com
Twitter: @JimSpohrer
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/
Slack: https://slack.lfai.foundation
Presentations online at: https://slideshare.net/spohrer
Thanks to Professor Paul Maglio for the opportunity
February 28, 2022 - UCMerced “Service Science” Class.
Highly recommend:
Humankind: A Hopeful History
By Dutch Historian, Rutger Bregman
<- Thanks
To Ray Fisk
For suggesting
this book
https://mist.ucmerced.edu/pmaglio
2. Today’s Talk
Systems
Nations, Business, People
Interaction and Change
Service
Responsible Actors
T-Shaped Skills (Transdisciplinarity)
Technology
Artificial Intelligence
Digital Twins
Sustainability
UN Sustainable Development Goals
Value cocreation (Win-Win)
Decision-Making
Investing Wisely
Complexity Economics
Perspectives
Science
Logic
Architecture
9. Gandhi P, Khanna S, Ramaswamy S (2016)
Which Industries Are the Most Digital (and Why)?
Harvard Business Review
URL https://hbr.org/2016/04/a-chart-that-shows-which-industries-are-the-most-digital-and-why
10. • Summary. Free and open source
software (FOSS) is essential to much of
the tech we use every day — from cars
to phones to planes to the cloud. While
traditionally, it was developed by an
army of volunteer developers and given
away for free, companies are
increasingly taking a more active role in
its development. But as companies buy
up open source companies, bring
development in house, and spin off their
own for-profit versions of FOSS
products, they could be endangering the
future of this essential software. To
maintain the viability and security of
FOSS, companies should: 1) have a clear
policy towards open source —
preferably one that encourages
employees to contribute to FOSS if
feasible, 2) raise their level of awareness
about the FOSS that they use and stay
apprised of its vulnerabilities, and 3)
keep the stability of the software they
use in mind and incentivize their
employee contributions to focus on both
features useful to the company as well
as general security and maintenance.
Lifshitz-Assaf H, Nagle F (2021) The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source.
Here’s How to Protect It. Harvard Business Review.
September 2, 2021
URL: https://hbr.org/2021/09/the-digital-economy-runs-on-open-source-heres-how-to-protect-it
11. Two disciplines: Two approaches to the future
Artificial Intelligence is almost seventy-years-old discipline in computer
science that studies automation and builds more capable technological
systems. AI tries to understand the intelligent things that people can do
and then does those things with technology. (https://deepmind.com/about “...
we aim to build advanced AI - sometimes known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) - to
expand our knowledge and find new answers. By solving this, we believe we could help
people solve thousands of problems.”)
Service science is an emerging transdiscipline not yet twenty-years- old
that studies transformation and builds smarter and wiser socoi-
technical systems – families, businesses, nations, platforms and other
special types of responsible entities and their win-win interactions that
transform value co-creation and capability co-elevation mechanisms
that build more resilient future versions of themselves – what we call
service systems entities. Service science tries to understand the
evolving ecology of service system entities, their capabilities,
constraints, rights, and responsibilities, and then then seeks to improve
the quality of life of people (present/smarter and future/wiser) in those
service systems.
26-30 July 2015 3rd International Conference on The Human Side of Service Engineering
11
Artificial Intelligence
Automation
Generations of machines
Service Science
Transformation
Generations of people
(responsible entities)
Service systems are dynamic configurations of people,
technology, organizations, and information, connected
internally and externally by value propositions, to other
service system entities. (Maglio et al 2009)
12. Timeline Future of AI: Every 20 years,
compute costs are down by 1000x
• Cost of Digital Workers
• Moore’s Law can be thought of as
lowering costs by a factor of a…
• Thousand times lower
in 20 years
• Million times lower
in 40 years
• Billion times lower
in 60 years
• Smarter Tools (Terascale)
• Terascale (2017) = $3K
• Terascale (2020) = ~$1K
• Narrow Worker (Petascale)
• Recognition (Fast)
• Petascale (2040) = ~$1K
• Broad Worker (Exascale)
• Reasoning (Slow)
• Exascale (2060) = ~$1K
12
2080
2040
2000
1960
$1K
$1M
$1B
$1T
2060
2020
1980
+/- 10 years
$1
Person Average
Annual Salary
(Living Income)
Super Computer
Cost
Mainframe Cost
Smartphone Cost
T
P
E
T P E
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
OECD_Alistair Nolan to Everyone: “It has been stated that the number of engineers proclaiming the end of Moore's Law doubles every two years.”
Rouse WB, Spohrer JC. (2018) Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation. 2018 Apr 3;8(1-2):1-21.
13. Timeline: GDP/Employee
4/5/2022 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 13
(Source)
Lower compute costs translate into increasing productivity and GDP/employees for nations
Increasing productivity and GDP/employees should translate into wealthier citizens
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA
14. Timeline: Leaderboards Framework
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards - Benchmark Roadmap
Perceive World Develop Cognition Build Relationships Fill Roles
Pattern
recognition
Video
understanding
Memory Reasoning Social
interactions
Fluent
conversation
Assistant &
Collaborator
Coach &
Mediator
Speech Actions Declarative Deduction Scripts Speech Acts Tasks Institutions
Chime Thumos SQuAD SAT ROC Story ConvAI
Images Context Episodic Induction Plans Intentions Summarization Values
ImageNet VQA DSTC RALI General-AI
Translation Narration Dynamic Abductive Goals Cultures Debate Negotiation
WMT DeepVideo Alexa Prize ICCMA AT
Learning from Labeled Training Data and Searching (Optimization)
Learning by Watching and Reading (Education)
Learning by Doing and being Responsible (Exploration)
2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2036 2039
4/5/2022 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 14
Which experts would be really surprised if it takes less time… and which experts really surprised if it takes longer?
Approx.
Year
Human
Level ->
+3
See: https://paperswithcode.com/sota
16. (c) IBM MAP COG .| 16
Service Science: Transdisciplinary Framework to Study Service Systems
Systems that focus on flows of things Systems that govern
Systems that support people’s activities
transportation &
supply chain water &
waste
food &
products
energy
& electricity
building &
construction
healthcare
& family
retail &
hospitality banking
& finance
ICT &
cloud
education
&work
city
secure
state
scale
nation
laws
social sciences
behavioral sciences
management sciences
political sciences
learning sciences
cognitive sciences
system sciences
information sciences
organization sciences
decision sciences
run professions
transform professions
innovate professions
e.g., econ & law
e.g., marketing
e.g., operations
e.g., public policy
e.g., game theory
and strategy
e.g., psychology
e.g., industrial eng.
e.g., computer sci
e.g., knowledge mgmt
e.g., statistics
e.g., knowledge worker
e.g., consultant
e.g., entrepreneur
stakeholders
Customer
Provider
Authority
Competitors
resources
People
Technology
Information
Organizations
change
History
(Data Analytics)
Future
(Roadmap)
value
Run
Transform
(Copy)
Innovate
(Invent)
Stackholders (As-Is)
Resources (As-Is)
Change (Might-Become)
Value (To-Be)
17. “The best way to predict the future is to inspire the
next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
19. Service in the
AI era
Science science Service
dominant (S-D)
logic
Service Dominant
Architecture
(SDA)
Service in the
AI era
revisited
Core
message?
Better automation
and augmentation
improve service
Better science
improves
understanding
Better logics
improve
interactions
Better
architectures
improve adaption
(change)
X+AI requires
investing
wisely to
improve
service
Where are the
better
models?
Technology Disciplines Minds Enterprise Minds + AI
Enterprise + AI
What type of
model?
Technology
System (T)
Quantitative &
Qualitative (I)
Mental Model in
Person (P)
Distributed
Organizational (O)
P+O+I+T
Service in the AI Era: Science, Logic, and Architecture Perspectives
(Spohrer, Maglio, Vargo, Warg – in progress)
20. Service Innovation Questions
• What real-world service system studied?
• What interaction process improved? How measured?
• What change process improved? How measured?
• Which stakeholders (responsible entities) benefitted?
How measured?
If you have concise and clear answers to these service innovation questions for your paper,
Then please consider applying for the ISSIP Excellence in Service Innovation Award
Recognition includes an ISSIP Digital Badge and opportunity for great visibility for the work.
Go to ISSIP.org website, recognition menu, second menu item - to learn more, and apply by filling out form
21.
22. Jim Spohrer, Board of Directors, ISSIP.org
Jim Spohrer serves on the Board of Directors of the International Society of
Service Innovation Professionals, and as a contributor to the Linux Foundation
AI and Data Foundation. He is a retired IBM Executive since July 2021, and
previously directed IBM’s open-source Artificial Intelligence developer
ecosystem effort, was CTO IBM Venture Capital Group, co-founded IBM
Almaden Service Research, and led IBM Global University Programs. After his
MIT BS in Physics, he developed speech recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon)
before receiving his Yale PhD in Computer Science/AI. In the 1990’s, he attained
Apple Computers’ Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technologist role for
next generation learning platforms. With over ninety publications and nine
patents, he received the Christopher Loverlock Career Contributions to the
Service Discipline award, Gummesson Service Research award, Vargo and Lusch
Service-Dominant Logic award, Daniel Berg Service Systems award, and a
PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. Jim was elected and previously
served as LF AI & Data Technical Advisory Board Chairperson and ONNX Steering
Committee Member (2020-2021), UIDP Senior Fellow for contributions to
industry-university collaborations.
22
From 2002 - 2009, Jim co-founded
(with Paul Maglio) and directed
IBM Almaden Service Research
helping to establish service science,
applying science, technology,
and T-shaped upskilling of people to
business and societal transformation.
Who I am
2021 A big year: (1) hit 65, (2) career award, (3) retired from IBM
23. Who I am: Take 2
The Three Ages of Man (Giorgione)
Thanks to Alan Hartman for kind inspiration (slides) (recording) Service, when responsible entities apply their knowledge for mutual benefits
win-win/non-zero-sum games/value co-creation/capability co-elevation
Service is a central, fundamental concept of the value of systems interacting
(entities-interactions-outcomes)
24. What I study
Service Science and Open Source AI – Trust is key to both
Service
Science
Artificial
Intelligence
Trust:
Value Co-Creation/Collaboration
Responsible Entities Learning to Invest
Transdisciplinary Community
Trust:
Secure, Fair, Explainable
Machine Collaborators
Open Source Communities
25. 4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 25
T-shaped Adaptive Innovator: Deep Problem-Solving and Broad Communication/Collaboration
Advanced Tech: AI to IoT to Quantum, GreenTech, RegTech, etc.
Work Practices: Agile, Service Design, Open Source
Mindset: Growth Mindset, Positive Mindset, Entrepreneurial
Many disciplines
Many sectors
Many regions/cultures
(understanding & communications)
Deep
in
one
sector
Deep
in
one
region/culture
Deep
in
one
discipline
27. “AI won’t replace entrepreneurs, but entrepreneurs
who use AI will replace those who don’t.”
What does it mean to become a digital entrepreneur?
28.
29. IBM’s Service Journey: A Summary Sketch
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 29
Spohrer J (2017 ) IBM's service journey: A summary sketch. Industrial Marketing Management. 60:167-172.
30.
31.
32. IfM, IBM (2010)
Succeeding through
service innovation:
a service perspective
for education, research,
business and government.
University of Cambridge
Institute for Manufacturing,
Cambridge UK
2010
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. Intelligence Augmentation (IA) =
Socio-Technical Extension Factor on Capabilities
• Engelbart (1962)
• Spohrer & Engelbart (2002)
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 41
Dedicated to Douglas E. Engelbart, Inventor
The Mouse (Pointing Device)
The Mother of All Demos
Bootstrapping Practice/Augmentation Theory
Note: Bush (1945) and Licklider (1960) created funding programs that benefitted Engelbart in building working systems.
42. IA as Socio-Technical Extension Factor on Capabilities & Values
IA (human values) is not AI (technology capability)
Difference 1: IA leads to more capable people even when scaffold removed
Difference 2: IA leads to more responsible people to use wisely the capabilities
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 42
Superminds
Malone (2018)
Things that Make
Us Smart
Norman (1994)
Worldboard
Augmented Perception
Spohrer (1999)
Bicycles for the Mind
Kay & Jobs (1984)
Techno-Extension Factor
Measurement
& Accelerating
Socio-Technical Design Loop
Kline (1996)
43. IA Progression – Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 43
Rouse & Spohrer (2018)
Siddike, Spohrer, Demirkan, Kodha (2018)
Araya (2018)
Spohrer& Siddike (2018)
44. Bigger IA Trend in Human Time Usage & Skills
As smartphone apps grow up and people have 100 digital workers “earning” for them (owners) on platforms
• Hunter Gathers – local sourcing,
generalist
• Agriculture – local sourcing,
generalist – cities specialists
• Manufacturing – outsourcing to
production business, specialists
• Clothing to Shopping
• Service (pre-AI) – outsourcing to
service businesses, specialist
• Cooking to Restaurants
• Service (post-AI &
miniaturization) – insourcing, T-
shapes
• T-shaped (l)earners in platform
society, home again
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 44
Spohrer & Maglio (2006) SSME, Slide #42
Spohrer (2020) Platform Economy
and Shift in Work
45. References
• Araya D (2018) Augmented Intelligence: Smart Systems and the Future of Work and Learning. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers; 2018 Sep 28.
• Bush V (1945) As we may think. The Atlantic Monthly. 1945 Jul 1;176(1):101-8.
• Engelbart D (1962) Augmenting human intellect. Summary report AFOSR-3223 under Contract AF. 1962 Oct;49(638):1024.
• Gardner P, Maietta HN (2020) Advancing Talent Development: Steps Toward a T-Model Infused Undergraduate Education. Business Expert Press. URL:
https://www.amazon.com/Advancing-Talent-Development-Undergraduate-Education/dp/1951527062
• Kay A, Jobs S (1984) Wheels for the Mind. Apple Computer.
• Kline SJ (1995) Conceptual foundations for multidisciplinary thinking. Stanford University Press; 1995.
• Licklider JC (1960) . Man-computer symbiosis. IRE transactions on human factors in electronics. 1960 Mar(1):4-11.
• Malone TW (2018) Superminds: The surprising power of people and computers thinking together. Little, Brown Spark; 2018 May 15.
• Norman D (1994) Things that make us smart: Defending human attributes in the age of the machine. Diversion Books; 2014 Dec 2.
• Rouse WB, Spohrer JC (2018) Automating versus augmenting intelligence. Journal of Enterprise Transformation. 2018 Feb 7:1-21.
• Siddike MA, Spohrer J, Demirkan H, Kohda Y (2018) A Framework of Enhanced Performance: People's Interactions With Cognitive Assistants. International Journal
of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE). 2018 Jul 1;8(3):1-7.
• Spohrer JC (1998) Information in places. IBM Systems Journal. 1999;38(4):602-28.
• Spohrer JC, Engelbart DC (2004) Converging technologies for enhancing human performance: Science and business perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy
of Sciences. 2004 May;1013(1):50-82.
• Spohrer J, Siddike (2018) The Future of Digital Cognitive Systems: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator. In Ed. Araya D. Augmented Intelligence: Smart
Systems and the Future of Work and Learning. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers; 2018 Sep 28.
• Spohrer J (2020) Online Platform Economy and Gig Workers: A USA Perspective. Presentation.
• Spohrer J & Maglio PP (2006) Service Science Management and Engineering (SSME): An Emerging Discipline. IBM Presentation.
4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 45
46. Upskilling 2030:
Service Innovation Roadmaps and
Responsible Entities Learning
Jim Spohrer (IBM & ISSIP)
International Exploration of Service Science (IESS 2.1)
March 25, 2021
47. IfM, IBM (2010)
Succeeding through
service innovation:
a service perspective
for education, research,
business and government.
University of Cambridge
Institute for Manufacturing,
Cambridge UK
2010
48. What is a SIR?
• Service Innovation Roadmap (SIR) is a kind of Business Model Canvas
(BMC) that responsible entities create for themselves to describe
three types of investments in learning/upskilling activities:
• Run: BMC for optimize activities (e.g., agile improvement method)
• Transform: BMC for copy activities (e.g., find role models)
• Innovate: BMC for invent activities (e.g., research, pilot, prove, monetize)
• Based on March (1991)
• March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning.
Organization science. 1991 Feb;2(1):71-87.
51. 51
How responsible entities (service systems) learn and change over time
History and future of Run-Transform-Innovate investment choices
• Diverse Types
• Persons (Individuals)
• Families
• Regional Entities
• Universities
• Hospitals
• Cities
• States/Provinces
• Nations
• Other Enterprises
• Businesses
• Non-profits
• Learning & Change
• Run = use existing knowledge
or standard practices (use)
• Transform = adopt a new best
practice (copy)
• Innovate = create a new best
practice (invent) Innovate
Invest in each
type of change
Spohrer J, Golinelli GM, Piciocchi P, Bassano C (2010) An integrated SS-VSA analysis of changing job roles. Service Science. 2010 Jun;2(1-2):1-20.
March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science. 1991 Feb;2(1):71-87. URL:
exploit
explore
52. 4/5/2022 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 52
Arthur, W.B. Foundations of complexity economics. Nat Rev Phys (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-00273-3