The document discusses different classifications and uses of sound in motion pictures. It covers synchronous vs. nonsynchronous sound, diegetic vs. nondiegetic sound, and how music and sound effects are used to shape the narrative and themes of a film. Musicians and sound designers work with the director from early stages to create a cohesive soundtrack. Sound can be recorded during filming or later added, and it can come from within or outside the world depicted on screen. The history of sound in films is also summarized, from early talkies to innovations by directors like Eisenstein and Welles in using sound montage. Music is discussed in terms of mood, location, and characterization suggestions, as well as how it can control or contrast emotional shifts
Basic intro to using Film sound in media product. Some examples of music effects contrapuntal sound and the power of sound in reinforcing meaning in product
Basic intro to using Film sound in media product. Some examples of music effects contrapuntal sound and the power of sound in reinforcing meaning in product
Extended vocabulary for describing musical phenomena Aura.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
Extended vocabulary for describing musical phenomena
Aural / oral
Aural icon
Oral transmission, oral history
Genre /
Style
Melody Rhythm /
Metre
Tempo Timbre Dynamics +
articulation
Texture Harmony
Rock music
(electric guitar
shredding)
Classical (piano,
string quartet,
instrumental
without vocals)
Jazz (saxophones,
trumpets,
improvisation)
Folk music
(banjo, fiddle,
acoustic guitar,
harmonica,
lyrics)
Blues (12-bar
blues – chord
progression,
Modal
Tonal
• Major
• minor
Atonal
(Teleological)
Rhythmic
Arhythmic
Metric
Ametric
fast
quick
slow
accelerando
(gradually
gets faster)
ritardando
(gradually
gets slower)
Bright/dull
Warm/cold
Reedy
Gritty
Raspy
Speech-like
Whiny
Nasal
Monotone
Dolce
Sweet
Clear
Fluttery
Controlled
Twangy
breathy
loud / soft
really loud
really soft
crescendo
(gradually
getting
louder)
decrescendo
or
diminuendo
(gradually
getting
softer)
legato
(smooth)
Solo
Group
Monophonic
Unison
Sing in
harmony
Melody and
accompaniment
Chorale-style
Hymn-style
Homophonic
Fugal
Contrapuntal
tonal
modal
consonant
dissonant
(crunchy)
harmonica, slide
guitar, singing)
Rap
Techno/electronic
Hiphop
House music
Soul
Oompah – polka
Pop
Ska
Doowop / swing
Afrobeats
Country
Hymn
Salsa
Celtic
staccato
(detached)
Vocal
polyphony
Polyphony
Western Medievalism in Film
• Summary of first four classes
Discussion of: what do we think of when we think of the Middle Ages? And what sounds
and/or music do we think of?
From individual elements (people, things, ideas), we came up with some broader themes
of how the Middle Ages is represented:
• Grime and disease (the plague)
• Hierarchical systems (political, social)
• Fantasy (magic, fantastical creatures, witchcraft)
• Town formation
• Pastoral (small farms, farm animals)
• War (knights, armour)
• Chivalry
• Religion (monks, nuns, monasteries, cathedrals)
• Learnedness (universities, Latin)
Three approaches to medievalism in film and television:
• Focus on specific medieval figure or event
• Medieval fantasy world
• Uses medieval trope/theme but in different setting
Three kinds of sound in film:
• Dialogue
• Music
• Sound effects
Viewed a film clip and discussed relationships amongst the sound, the action, and
the visual elements, reviewing and introducing terminology:
Opening of Princess of Thieves (2001) - up to the cow-milking/Latin lesson scene
• Opens with mountains and mist (visual icon or convention for the medieval or the
distant past)
• Voice-over (non-diegetic narrator) introduces the narrative (informational
prologue) with a long, anticipatory drone in the underscore and the sound of birds
to place the outdoor scene (establishing sound)
• Heroic theme in underscore (Fr. Horn, leaping and rising melody wi.
2-shotAn image frame containing two principal characters.ATo.docxvickeryr87
2-shot
An image frame containing two principal characters.
A
Top
acousmêtre
This is a term of Michel Chion's meaning "acoustical being". A character who appears in a film only or mostly as a disembodied voice but is diegetic (different from a non-diegetic narrator doing a voice-over).
audio dissolve
When diegetic accompaniment becomes non-diegetic or is "sweetened" by non-diegetic elements. Rick Altman's term.
C
Top
counterpoint
Counterpoint is a musical term that is used in film contexts in two different ways. Eisenstein (as explained by Royal S. Brown) uses counterpoint to mean the conveying of a similar idea, expression, or sentiment through the two different senses of sight and sound. What is significant for him is that the two are not synchronized, but yet still work together to express something. Buhler and Neumeyer use the term counterpoint to mean when the visual and the audio are at odds with each other, either because of poor film-making technique or deliberately to create emotional distance. In the Buhler and Neumeyer definition, counterpoint can also be called anempathetic.
D
Top
dialogue
Speech delivered by or between characters. One of three components of the soundtrack (dialogue, music, sound effects).
diegesis
Story or narrative world of film.
diegetic / non-diegetic
Diegetic sound can be heard by the characters. Non-diegetic sound cannot be heard by the characters.
dissolve
A transitional device in which one shot fades out as another fades in.
E
Top
establishing shot
A general view of the physical space to begin a scene.
establishing sound
Sound used to establish a physical space at the beginning of a scene (Rick Altman's term).
F
Top
Foley
Named after Jack Foley, Foley refers to the production of everyday sounds added to film in post-production to enhance the audio track (creaking leather, clicking heels in an empty hallway etc.)
H
Top
hard cut
Transition from one shot to another accomplished by an abrupt shift in both image and sound.
harmony
The combination of musical tones simultaneously to produce a chord or a series of chords.
I
Top
informational prologue
Voice-over narration at beginning of film to provide background for the narrative of the film.
M
Top
medievalism
An investigation of the influence or appearance of the medieval in a later period, and of attitudes towards and meanings of the medieval in all areas of culture.
melody
A melody is a tune or a musical line made up of a series of pitches (or notes or tones). It's the part of music you might find yourself singing, or humming, or whistling.
montage sequence
A type of editing. Involves a series of shots, in which any individual shot is only understood in relation to the others. Often used to show the compression of time. Often uses music as a sound bridge to link the images into a single unit.
music
One of the three components of a sound track (dialogue, music, sound effects).
musical convention
A musical stereotype such as a rising, leaping, driving melody play.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
2017 07 571
1. Classifications of Sound. Sound montage.
Functions of Music. Practical considerations.
Music and Sound
2. Motion Picture Sound
Film Aesthetics
Motion picture sound is classified in three ways:
•Sound effects, Music, and, Spoken language
Musicans and Sound designers" are are brought on staff
during the planning stages of a film working with the
director to shape an overall, consistent soundtrack that
exploits the expressive possibilities of the sound
medium. The overall sound design is organically related
to the narrative and thematic needs of the film, and has an
integrity not possible if sound is divided among an entire
bureaucracy.
3. Motion Picture Sound
Film Aesthetics
• Elements of sound can be synchronous ie recorded at
the same time as the images; or nonsyncronous, ie
recorded at a different time and dubbed onto the
image.
• These elements can also be diegetic ie where the
source is within the world depicted in the film (eg
dialogue or music from a radio in the scene; or
nondiegetic, where sound comes from outside this
world (voice overs, background music etc.)
4. DRILL
Are these following examples
Synchronous or non syncronous? Diegetic/non?
1. Dialogue … recording by mike whilst shooting.
2. Dialogue … dubbed from English to Cantonese.
3. Sound of background TV broadcast but added after.
4. Orchestral music swelling amidst desert scene?
These elements can be synchronous ie recorded at the same time as the images; or
nonsyncronous, ie recorded at a different time and dubbed onto the image.
These elements can also be diegetic ie where the source is within the world
depicted in the film (eg dialogue or music from a radio in the scene; or nondiegetic,
where sound comes from outside this world (voice overs, background music etc.)
5. Film Aesthetics Sound -- History
• In 1927, The Jazz Singer ushered in the talkie era.
• The increased realism brought on by sound forced acting
styles to become more natural -- performers didn’t need to
compensate visually for lack of dialogue.
• Early in talkies era, formalist directors like Sergei
Eisenstein were hostile to use of synchronous sound. He
believed it would limit editing and kill the very soul of film
art. Battleship Potemkin, 1925.
• Orson Wells was an important innovator in sound. He
perfected the technique of sound montage between scenes.
Citizen Kane, 1941.
6. Film Aesthetics Sound -- History
• Theories of music varies. Eisenstein insisted music not
be used as mere accompaniment -- that it should retain
its own integrity. Other filmmakers insist of purely
descriptive music or “mickeymousing” where music is
a literal equivalent to the movement.
• Beginning with opening credits, music can suggest the
mood or tone of a film as a whole. Certain kinds of
music can suggest locales, classes, ethnic groups.
• Music can be used as foreshadowing, eg. Hitchcock’s
“anxious” music he used when preparing an audience.
7. Film Aesthetics Sound -- History
• Music can control emotional shifts within a scene.
Example?
• Music can provide ironic contrast. The predominent
mood of a scene can be neutralized or even reversed
with contrasting music. Example?
• Characterization can be suggested through musical
motifs. Example?
8. Music and Sound Practicalities
• TEMPO: the rate of speed of a musical piece or passage indicated by one of a
series of directions (as largo, presto, or allegro) and often by an exact beats per minute
metronome marking. Tempo to Marks.
• PITCH and KEY. Major (cheerful), Minor (gloomy, scary).
• SIGNATURE. 4/4 Time (Almost any popular song as above.)
• 3/4 Time ( Waltz) • 7/8 Time (Nubian) (Pink Floyd)
You will always want to preset these, as in Garageband.