2016 Net Positive Conference - the nexus of resiliency and net positive
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John Andary, Neil Bulger of Integral Group present on design practices for resilient and net positive buildings. From thermal comfort to net zero energy buildings. Focus on passive survivablilty in the built environment, bring back design principles of passive architecture with high powered simulation tools and the latest research.
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2016 Net Positive Conference - the nexus of resiliency and net positive
- 1. The Nexus of Resiliency and Net Positive Designing For Passive Survivability John Andary, PE, LEED AP Principal : Integral Group Neil Bulger, PE, LEED AP Principal : Integral Group
- 2. Agenda • What is Passive Survivability? • Case Study Introductions • Design Charrette • Report Out • Case Studies • Simulation Tools • Resources • Questions
- 3. Passive survivability is a building's ability to maintain critical life-support conditions in the event of extended loss of power or water; or in the event of extraordinary heat spells, storms, or other extreme events.
- 4. THERMAL HEALTH DESIGNED TO USE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TO KEEP PEOPLE COOL ON HOT DAYS, WARM ON COLD ONES. ROBUST SHELTER OPERABLE AND DURABLE, ABLE TO BRING IN AIR AND PROTECT FROM THE ELEMENTS. CLEAN WATER DEPENDS UPON CHANCE ENCOUNTER ON FOOT - NOT IN THE CAR EMERGENCY POWER ABLE TO CHARGE DEVICES AND PRODUCE ENERGY LOCALLY Resilient Design
- 5. Indoor temperature above 94°F at 50% relative humidity (for healthy adults) Heat Stress Risk
- 7. Leading Thermal Comfort Research Application of Thermal Comfort Acceptable Application of Thermal Stress and Overheating Thermal Comfort and Indoor Human Stress
- 8. • 360,000 square foot Administration, Conference and Data Center. • Maximum EUI of 25 kbtu/sf/yr…35 kbtu/sf/yr including Data Center. • Prove large scale, market rate Net Zero Energy. NREL Research Support Facility
- 10. • 30,000 SF square one-story office warehouse circa 1970 • Uninsulated concrete walls, wood roof and single pane windows • Developer-led business case for Net Zero Energy. Indio Building
- 13. DESIGN CHARRETTES Break Into Two Groups
- 14. NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY
- 15. IF POSSIBLE NET ZERO DESIGN APPROACH MOST ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING IN THE WORLD LEED PLATINUM PLUS ASHRAE 90.1 + 50% VISUAL DISPLAYS OF CURRENT ENERGY SUPPORT PUBLIC TOURS ACHIEVE NATIONAL RECOGNITION SUPPORT PERSONNEL TURNOVER MISSION CRITICAL $64M FIRM FIXED PRICE = $260/SF ATTAIN SAFE WORK PERFORMANCE LEED PLATINUM ENERGY STAR FIRST “PLUS” HIGHLY DESIRABLE 370K SF : 1200 STAFF CAPACITY 25 KBTU/SF/YEAR ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRITY HONOR FUTURE STAFF NEEDS MEASURABLE ASHRAE 90.1 SUPPORT CULTURE AND AMENITIES EXPANDABLE BUILDING ERGONOMICS FLEXIBLE WORKSPACE SUPPORT FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES DOCUMENTATION TO PRODUCE A “HOW TO” MANUAL “PR” CAMPAIGN FOR BENEFIT OF DOE/NREL AND DB ALLOW SECURE COLLABORATION WITH OUTSIDERS BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION BY 2010
- 28. 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 Energy Use (kWh/yr) PV Production AnnualEnergySueandPVProduction(kWh/yr) Parking Garage Datacenter RSFII RSF1 Energy Used Versus Production
- 29. • RSF I is 2% better than model predicted • RSF II is 7% better than model predicted 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 RSFII RSFI kBtu/squarefoot EUI : RSF II versus RSF I Data Center Cooling Heating Mechanical Plug Load Lighting Measured Energy in 2012
- 30. INDIO BUILDING
- 31. Net Zero Concept
- 44. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Existing Standard 415 Indio Tons Reduced HVAC Size
- 45. Measured Energy Use and Production
- 46. Indio Building – November 2015
- 47. Thermal Comfort Outdoor Environment Indoor Built Environment Passive Design & Natural Ventilation Daylighting & Visual Comfort Building Energy Performance District Scale Energy Systems Rhino & Honeybee, Ladybug IES Virtual Environment IES VE / Honeybee Radiance with Rhino IES VE & OpenStudio Trnsys Simulation Tools
- 48. N West Camp Sweeney Project – Passive Design Simulations
- 49. Peak Summer Day: Without Night Flushing Thermal Mass Operative Temperature Outside Air
- 50. Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal Mass…Without Shading Night flush thermal energy being stored in mass. Operative Temperature Outside Air
- 51. Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal Mass…With Shading Within Expanded Comfort Range with Air Movement Solar shading and envelope
- 52. Modeling Result ASHRAE 55 Thermal Comfort Results With Night Flush And Shaded Architecture No Night Flush No shade With Night Flush No shade Hours Overheated Daily Overheating Highest Temperature Risk Hours Overheated Daily Overheating Highest Temperature Risk Hours Overheated Daily Overheating Highest Temperature Risk CIBSE TM52: Avoiding Overheating
- 53. SIMULATION FOR WARM CLIMATES
- 54. Kona International Airport Weather Data
- 55. Operative temperature is the average between air temperature and the surrounding surface temperatures (mean radiant temperature). ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range
- 56. In Buildings without AC Air Speeds 0.2 m/s 40 fpm 0.5 m/s 100 fpm 1.0 m/s 200 fpm 1.5 m/s 300 fpm The literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air- conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement. ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool
- 57. In Buildings without AC Air Speeds 0.2 m/s 40 fpm 0.5 m/s 100 fpm 1.0 m/s 200 fpm 1.5 m/s 300 fpm The literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air- conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement. ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool
- 58. In Buildings without AC No active air conditioning is required at 87 deg F air temperature if ceiling fans are used and controlled in each classroom. Air Speeds 0.2 m/s 40 fpm 0.5 m/s 100 fpm 1.0 m/s 200 fpm 1.5 m/s 300 fpm The literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air- conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement. ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool
- 59. N Weather Kona Intl Airport Building Dimensions 30' x 30' x 13' Exposed Sides North, South, West, Ceiling Adiabatic Sides East, Floor External Wall 4" HW concrete, R-25 insulation, 4" HW concrete External Roof R-60 insulation, 2" gyp board Internal Wall 4" HW concrete Internal Floor 4" HW concrete WWR 50% South 40% North Window Operability 50% Openable area, controlled to close when outdoor air >87°F Window Alpen Triple-Element U-0.2 SHGC-0.19 Shading 2 3' overhangs on south Infiltration 0.2 CFM/sf-exterior Interior fans Up to 0.9 m/s airflow capable Equipment Power 0.62 W/sf (28 2W iPad minis, 400 W projector, 150W computer) Lighting Power 0 W/sf (daylit) People Density 30 sf/person (30 people) Hawaii Prototype School Site Envelope Internal Gains Energy Model
- 60. With 0.9 m/s air movement, upper comfort limit for 90% of occupants reaches 87°F Thermal Comfort Results – Annual Operative Temperature
- 61. When windows close, provide tempered ventilation air via free-cooling loop Annual Wet-Bulb temperature at Kona International Airport Compressor-Free Tempered Ventilation
- 63. Understanding Local Climates – San Diego with Weather Shift
- 64. Understanding Local Climates – San Diego with Weather Shift
- 66. Weather Spark