The document provides guidance on creating an annotated bibliography, including defining what an annotated bibliography is, the differences between annotations and abstracts, examples of what should be included in the descriptive and evaluative paragraphs of each annotation, and resources for students on citation styles, evaluating sources, and using bibliographic management tools. The intended audience is students who need to create an annotated bibliography as part of their course assignments.
Composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related
They may be classified as:
Local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and
Foreign, if conducted in foreign lands RELATED STUDIES
Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies
A survey or review of related literature and studies is very important because such reviewed literature and studies serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is because related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research venture. Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies
The presentation discusses about purpose and use of literature review, locating relevant information, use of library & electronic databases, preparation & presentation of literature review, research article reviews, theoretical models and frame work. Identification of gaps in research, formulation of research problem, definition of research objectives. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online for the benfit of the research scholar society.
Review of literature is necessary for research.We can find so many advance thing which are already proven though research by searching the review article only.
Composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related
They may be classified as:
Local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and
Foreign, if conducted in foreign lands RELATED STUDIES
Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies
A survey or review of related literature and studies is very important because such reviewed literature and studies serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is because related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research venture. Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies
The presentation discusses about purpose and use of literature review, locating relevant information, use of library & electronic databases, preparation & presentation of literature review, research article reviews, theoretical models and frame work. Identification of gaps in research, formulation of research problem, definition of research objectives. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online for the benfit of the research scholar society.
Review of literature is necessary for research.We can find so many advance thing which are already proven though research by searching the review article only.
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum: their studies are undertaken within the context of an already existing knowledge base.
T H E W R I T I N G C E N T E R Academic Services • .docxAASTHA76
T H E W R I T I N G C E N T E R
Academic Services • Phone: 962-7710
www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/
How to Write a Literature Review
What This Handout is About…
This handout will explain what a Literature Review is and offer insights into the form and
construction of a Literature Review in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Sciences.
Introduction
OK. You’ve got to write a literature review. You dust off your world literature
anthology book, settle down in your Ebert and Roper at the Movies theatre chair with
your popcorn and soda in hand, and get ready to issue a “thumbs up” or “thumbs down”
as you leaf through the pages. “Literature Review” done. Right?
Wrong! The “literature” of a literature review refers to any collection of materials on a
topic, not necessarily the Great Literary Texts of the World. “Literature” could be
anything from a set of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Africa to
scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL. And a review does not necessarily
mean that your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on whether or not you
liked these sources.
What is a literature review, then?
A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and
sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period.
A literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an
organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap
of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a
reshuffling, of that information. It might give a new interpretation of old material or
combine new with old interpretations. Or it might trace the intellectual progression of the
field, including major debates. And depending on the situation, the literature review may
evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant.
But how is a literature review different from an academic research
paper?
While the main focus of an academic research paper is to support your own argument, the
focus of a literature review is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of
others. The academic research paper also covers a range of sources, but it is usually a
select number of sources, because the emphasis is on the argument. Likewise, a literature
review can also have an “argument,” but it is not as important as covering a number of
sources. In short, an academic research paper and a literature review contain some of the
same elements. In fact, many academic research papers will contain a literature review
section. But it is the aspect of the study (the argument or the sources) that is emphasized
that determines what type of document it is.
Why do we write literature reviews?
Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have
limited time to conduct res.
The role of the literature review Your literature review gives y.docxoreo10
The role of the literature review
Your literature review gives your readers an understanding of the evolution of scholarly research on your topic.
In your literature review you will:
•survey the scholarly landscape
•provide a synthesis of the issues, trends, and concepts
•possibly provide some historical background
Throughout the literature review, your emphasis should fall on the current scholarly conversation. This is why the rubric often specifies that you need resources from peer-reviewed journals, published within the last five years of your anticipated graduation date. It's in these recent, peer-reviewed journals that the scholarly debate is being carried out!
The literature review also shows the "gap" in the conversation -- and how your own doctoral study will fill that gap and contribute to the scholarly knowledge. This is where you make the case for the importance and usefulness for your own work.
Searching comprehensively
Your literature review should be as comprehensive as possible -- you want to include all of the relevant resources dealing with your topic. Missing important articles or researchers will significantly weaken your scholarship! So, searching comprehensively becomes important.
To ensuring comprehensiveness:
•Identify the databases that will cover your topic
◦Spend some time reading the descriptions of the databases in your subject area
◦Contact the Library to get advice from a librarian on appropriate databases
◦Some topics cross over subject/theoretical boundaries, and librarians can suggest databases that you may not have considered
•Search in more than one database
◦Some of our databases are huge, containing thousands of journals, but no single database covers every journal relevant to a topic
◦Searching in each relevant database, one at a time, gives you a better sense of control over your search, as well as a more accurate idea of the journals/databases that you've covered
Using a multi-database search (such as Thoreau) is not necessarily recommended; in doing so, you lose the ability to use subject terms and search limits that may be unique to each database.
•Explore resources outside of the databases:
◦Government websites
◦Professional organizations
◦Research groups
◦Think tanks
These can all be important sources of statistics and reliable information. These will not be peer-reviewed resources (i.e. since they are not journals, they do not employ the same sort of editorial process that results in peer-review). Evaluating for reliability is important!
Beyond the Library: Google Scholar
Google Scholar provides a good way to take your search beyond the databases; it searches very broadly and will pull in resources you may not have discovered before.
Google's definition of scholarly includes government sites, think tanks, research organizations, journal websites, and of course colleges and universities.
Unfortunately, there is no way to limit your Google Scholar search to only peer-reviewed res ...
99The word research has many meanings ranging from visions.docxevonnehoggarth79783
99
The word research has many meanings ranging from visions of scien-
tists working in labs to students reading piles of articles and books.
The primary focus of this chapter is on students’ process of research
and incorporating that research into academic writing. An important
concept related to research is that it is a process, not a single action.
The process includes the following:
●● Developing a research plan
●● Finding research related to a topic
●● Evaluating the credibility of sources
●● Taking notes
●● Integrating the research into your writing
Knowing this process allows students to allocate their research
time accordingly. Let’s dig into the research process and explore
what’s available to you at the Kaplan University library.
T ypes of ReseaRch
Before beginning the research process, it is important to identify and
understand the two major types of research: primary and second-
ary. Primary research involves using firsthand sources for informa-
tion, where the material comes directly from an expert, researcher, or
writer. Primary research is the most credible type of research because
the information is original, and you, the researcher, will be the one
chapteR 11
ReseaRch
caRolYn steVenson
100 Rese aRching, oUTlining, and cR af Ting yoUR essay
to gather and analyze the information. Examples of primary research
include interviews, surveys, originally authored articles, witness
reports, and court records. If you write a research paper that includes
an interview with an expert in the field, the paper is considered pri-
mary research.
Conversely, secondary research involves using information that
relies on primary research. Referencing someone else’s work (which
is based on a primary source) is secondary research. Examples of sec-
ondary research include citing statistics gathered by a university or
organization, referring to an individual’s quote found in a periodical
article or popular media, and book reviews or critiques. Table 11.1
notes common sources for the two types of research.
Table 11.1 T ypes of ReseaRch
PRIMARY RESEARCH SECONDARY RESEARCH
�
Original writing References to others’ work
Witnesses Items found in popular media
Diaries Journal articles that reference others’ work
Interviews Newspaper articles that reference others’ work
Surveys Data results quoted in another source
Fieldwork Book reviews or critiques
Court records
You can use both types of research, primary and secondary, in
your writing; the variety of using both types of sources adds valid-
ity and depth to the paper. You determine the need for either type of
research in your research plan.
101Rese aRch
developing a ReseaRch plan
Developing a research plan is the first phase in the research process.
A well-organized research plan provides a “road map” for the journey
of researching and writing. Taking time at the beginning of the proj-
ect assists in providing an organized structure n.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
7. cc: Valerie Everett - https://www.flickr.com/photos/66742614@N00
EXAMPLE PROCESS
8.
9. Photo by Daniela Hartmann (alles-schlumpf) - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/29487767@N02 Created with Haiku Deck
10.
11. Photo by Cayusa - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/17731548@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
12.
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14.
15. Photo by Stuck in Customs - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/95572727@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
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26. EMPIRICAL
•Data is derived from a scientific method
•Data comes from something that the author
experienced, i.e. observation or
measurement
•Includes an experimental design
More info: guides.libraries.psu.edu/emp
28. PRIMARY RESEARCH
The article reports on a study conducted
by the authors writing the article.
May include a lit review, but cannot only
be a literature review article.
Will include hypothesis, methods, data,
etc.
29. POLL
Based on your assignment description,
what are the major components of an
annotation?
30. PARTS OF AN ANNOTATION
1. Summary/Description
(1-2 paragraphs)
2. Evaluation and
Commentary/Reflection
(1 paragraph)
31. TACKLE YOUR ANNOTATION
1. Introduce subject of article.
2. Determine how it relates to your
POP and/or your research.
3. Critique the article.
4. Defend its use in your research.
32. SUMMARY
Highlight the main points or
findings.
Describe the relevance,
accuracy and quality of the
resource.
34. EVALUATE, COMMENT,
REFLECT
• Authority of author
• Strength of argument
• Strength of author’s evidence/sources
• Strength of author’s methodology
• Strength of author’s conclusions
35. EVALUATE, COMMENT,
REFLECT
• Identify connections to other studies
• Consider:
• Conclusions drawn from the data
• Methods that may inform your work on the
POP
• How does this add to or inform your POP?
36. STUDY SUMMARIES
guides.library.jhu.edu/lit-review/summarize
Author/ti
tle
Purpose Framework
Sample/Po
pulation
Design/Met
hodology
Variables/
instrum-
ents
Results/Findi
ngs
Controver-
sies,
disagree-
ments with
other
authors
Limita-
tions
Implications
for practice,
research,
theory
Slytherin, S.
(2000)
Explore
potions
aptitude of
firth years
Theoretical
Fifth year
Hogwarts
students
(pure-bloods)
Naturalistic O.W.L.s
Slytherin and
Ravenclaw
students are
more apt at
potions by the
fifth year, other
houses even out
in sixth.
Findings are
different from
Gryffindor
(1998)
Author
left out
Muggles
from
populatio
n
New practices
and efforts
should be made
with Hufflepuff
and Gryffindor
houses earlier
to help them
keep up.
Gryffindor,
G. &
Ravenclaw,
R. (2009)
Examine
course
scheduling and
blocks
Conceptual
Fourth-
seventh year
Hogwarts
students
Emergent
Sleep
patterns,
alertness in
class,
observing
student
behavior
Older students
tend to stay up
later doing
homework, and
typically don’t
even begin their
work until 10pm
None so far.
Although
all
teenagers,
fourth
years are
very
different
from
seventh
years.
Older students
should have
courses on a
shifted (later)
schedule.
37. MORE DETAILS
Refer to the
resource
document you
received from
your professor.
!
Annotated Bibliography Resource
Note: This Resource has been prepared for use in multiple courses and includes information about several
kinds of resources (e.g., books as well as empirical research articles from peer-reviewed journals). Please
carefully review the directions for the course you are currently in for specific guidance about the kind of materials
that can be included for your required Annotated Bibliography.
WHAT IS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY?
An annotated bibliography at its most basic is an annotated list of citations to books, book chapters, peer-
reviewed journal articles, and other scholarly documents. Each citation is followed by a brief description of
1-2 paragraphs and then an evaluative paragraph. One purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of
the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the resource. This is included in the initial description. Then, the
evaluative paragraph might indicate connections to other studies you have read, a critique of the research methods
or in some cases the conclusions drawn from the data or methods that may inform your work on your POP.
Together, these 2-3 paragraphs make up the annotation.
Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: concise
exposition, succinct analysis, informed library research—and, specifically for the purposes of informing
your understanding of your POP and possible directions for your dissertation work—the ability to identify
and articulate the relationship between practical problems, theoretical constructs, the design of the
project, available measures and analysis tools, and conclusions drawn from the research findings.
ANNOTATIONS VS. ABSTRACTS
Abstracts are purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in
periodical indexes. In contrast, annotations are descriptive and critical; they expose the author's point of
view, clarity and appropriateness of expression, and authority. The first (1-2) descriptive paragraph(s) is
similar to the abstract provided in the article BUT your first (1-2) paragraph(s) should not be the abstract
copied verbatim. The evaluative paragraph, however, is more personal and the information included will be
idiosyncratic and may even change according to the features of the article and how it relates to your
thinking about your POP. Later, your focus might be related to other projects or activities, but you should be
thinking about how the information provided supports your understanding of the factors associated with or
potential underlying causes for your POP.
WHO IS THE PRIMARY AUDIENCE FOR MY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY?
YOU ARE! The annotated bibliography will be a place where you organize your thoughts and document
patterns within the literature (e.g., articles that report similar findings, use similar scales/instruments, or
operationalize variables in a similar fashion). Later it will be an invaluable resource that you can use to
write your literature review. If you follow a few key steps, the annotated bibliography can become a
resource for you throughout your academic career, during and after this doctoral program.
TELL ME MORE ABOUT THE EVALUATIVE PARAGRAPH
There are some very practical uses of an annotated bibliography. If it hasn’t happened already, it won’t be
long before you find yourself wondering: “Where did I read about. . . ?”, “Did I read this article before, it
seems familiar. . .?” If you are diligent about keeping up with at least a cursory entry in your record keeping
in an annotated bibliography you’ll be able to quickly look up whether you read a paper and what you
thought about it.
More than being a simple memory support for these kinds of questions, your annotated bibliography can
be a place for you to record your emerging reactions to an article, the variables examined, the methods
used, the major conclusions, and your reflections about it over time. Some examples of the kinds of ideas
you can include in your evaluative paragraph are provided here:
41. CITATION RESOURCES
Other APA Resources
APA Style Guide
apastyle.org
APA Blog
blog.apastyle.org/apastyle
Refworks
guides.library.jhu.edu/refworks
Purdue Owl
(Google it)