The document outlines a 7-lecture course on nanoscience and energy that covers topics such as nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, solar cells, fuel cells, and nanotechnology applications. The course introduces concepts of quantum confinement, various synthesis techniques, and characterization methods. Students' grades will be based on attendance and a 1-2 page paper on a topic from the course submitted by the last lecture.
the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
This Presentation is based on our Research work carried out in GNDU Amritsar and DAVIET, Jallandhar. We fabricated Ion track filters; nanowires and some Exotic Patterns for the first time in India using simple Techniques.
Introduction
History
Types of Nanomaterials
Properties of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and processing of Nanomaterials
Advance nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires
Polymer nanostructures
Quantum dots
During the last decades a large effort has been invested in the development of a new
discipline devoted to benefit from optical excitations in materials where metals are
key element (Plasmonics). We will make an introduction on this topic below, but let’s
anticipate that two application areas are sensing and information technologies.
The following height extended abstracts, presented during the one-day NANOMAGMA
Symposium (Bilbao, Spain – April 13, 2011 reflects some of the latest developments on magneto-plasmonics.
In 2010 and 2011, the nanoICT project (EU/ICT/FET Coordination Action) launched
two calls for exchange visits for PhD students with the following main objectives: 1.
To perform joint work or to be trained in the leading European industrial and academic research institutions; 2. To enhance long-term collaborations within the ERA; 3. To
generate high-skilled personnel and to facilitate technology transfer;
The first outcome report was published in the issue 22 (August 2011) and this edition
contains four new articles providing insights in relevant fi elds for nanoICT.
We would like to thank all the authors who contributed to this issue as well as the European Commission for the financial support (projects nanoICT No. 216165 and NANOMAGMA No. FP7-214107-2).
Dr. Antonio Correia Editor - Phantoms Foundation
the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
This Presentation is based on our Research work carried out in GNDU Amritsar and DAVIET, Jallandhar. We fabricated Ion track filters; nanowires and some Exotic Patterns for the first time in India using simple Techniques.
Introduction
History
Types of Nanomaterials
Properties of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and processing of Nanomaterials
Advance nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires
Polymer nanostructures
Quantum dots
During the last decades a large effort has been invested in the development of a new
discipline devoted to benefit from optical excitations in materials where metals are
key element (Plasmonics). We will make an introduction on this topic below, but let’s
anticipate that two application areas are sensing and information technologies.
The following height extended abstracts, presented during the one-day NANOMAGMA
Symposium (Bilbao, Spain – April 13, 2011 reflects some of the latest developments on magneto-plasmonics.
In 2010 and 2011, the nanoICT project (EU/ICT/FET Coordination Action) launched
two calls for exchange visits for PhD students with the following main objectives: 1.
To perform joint work or to be trained in the leading European industrial and academic research institutions; 2. To enhance long-term collaborations within the ERA; 3. To
generate high-skilled personnel and to facilitate technology transfer;
The first outcome report was published in the issue 22 (August 2011) and this edition
contains four new articles providing insights in relevant fi elds for nanoICT.
We would like to thank all the authors who contributed to this issue as well as the European Commission for the financial support (projects nanoICT No. 216165 and NANOMAGMA No. FP7-214107-2).
Dr. Antonio Correia Editor - Phantoms Foundation
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
2012 tus lecture 1
1. Nanoscience and Energy
Allen Hermann, Ph.D.
Professor of Physics Emeritus,
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390
USA
allen.hermann@colorado.edu
2. Lecture 1. Course Introduction and Definitions
History, and examples
in nature and man-made
Quantum nature- theory:
quantum confinement
Nanomaterials:
Dimensionality
Chemical varieties and shapes
Synthesis
Top-down: Lithography
Bottom-up: Self-assembly
Characterization and Handling
Measurements
Nanotemplates
4. Lecture 3. Energy and Nanotechnology
Review of Alternate Energy
Sources
Review of Electronic Properties of
Solids:
Free- electron Fermi gas
Energy bands in Solids
Semiconductors and doping
pn junctions
Amorphous semiconductors
5. Lecture 4. Solar cells: Motivation (examples) and Theory
pn junctions under illumination
Homojunctions
Open-circuit voltage, short-
circuit current
IV curve, fill factor, solar-to-
electric conversion efficiency
Carrier generation and
recombination
Defects and minority carrier
diffusion
Current due to minority carrier
diffusion:
Solution to the diffusion
differential equation under
Spatially-homogeneous
generation, and
under Inhomogeneous
generation
Effect of an electric field
Heterojunctions
6. Lecture 5. Experiment: Types of Solar Cells
•Generation I solar cells:
Single Crystal Si, Polycrystalline Si
Growth, impurity diffusion, contacts, anti-reflection coatings
•Generation II Solar cells:
Polycrystalline thin films, crystal structure, deposition techniques
CdS/CdTe (II-VI) cells
CdS/Cu(InGa)Se2 cells
Amorphous Si:H cells
•Generation III Solar Cells:
•High-Efficiency Multijunction Concentrator Solar cells based on
III-V’s and III-V ternary analogues
•Dye-sensitized solar cell
•Organic (excitonic) cells
•Polymeric cells
•Nanostructured Solar Cells including Multicarrier per photon cells,
quantum dot and quantum-confined cells
7. Lecture 6. Nanotechnology
Fuel Cells
Nano-composite materials
Nanoelectronics and photonic
Devices:
Chemical and Biological Detectors
Nanomedicine:
Disease Detection
Implants
Delivery of Therapeutics
Other nanomedicine
Applications
Risks
8. Lecture 7. Other Nanotechnology Applications
DNA sequencing
Filtration
Clothing and Sports
Composites
Other Nanomedicine Applications and Opportunities
Other Nanotemplate-based Applications:
Superconductors
Magnetic Nanowires
Ferroelectrics
Dielectric Nanostructures and Cloaking
The Business of Nanotechnology
9. Basis for Grade in the Course
Your grade in the course is based
on 2 factors:
1) class attendance
2)grade earned on the paper
assigned.
10. A 1-2 page paper in English is to be turned in to Prof.
Hermann by the end of the last lecture. Both a hard
copy and a digital copy emailed to
allen.hermann@colorado.edu
are required.
This paper should be in your own words.
The paper could contain one or more figures and/or
tables.
The subject matter should be either
1) a tutorial explaining clearly one topic from this
course (in greater detail than given in the course), or
2) a clear description of your own research related
to the subject of this course.
11. Your grade will be calculated as follows:
Attendance- 40% ( 5.71 % per class attended)
Grade for paper- 60%
12.
13. Further References
1. Charles Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Prentice Hall
(1967 ff.)
2. S.M. Sze, “Physics of Semiconducting Devices”, John Wiley (1969,ff.)
3.Frank Larin, “Radiation Effects in Semiconducting Devices” (John
Wiley)
4. H.Y. Tada and J.R. Carter, JPL Solar cell Radiation handbook, NASA
(1977)
5. Martin Green, “Solar Cells”, Prentice Hall (1982,ff.)
6. H.J. Hovel, “Solar Cells”, in Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol.11
(edited by R. Richardson and A. Beer, Academic Press, 1975).
7. J. Reynolds and A. Meulenberg, J.Appl. Phys. 45, 2582(1974)
15. Lecture 1. Course Introduction and Definitions
History, and examples
in nature and man-made
Quantum nature- theory:
quantum confinement
Nanomaterials:
Dimensionality
Chemical varieties and shapes
Synthesis
Top-down: Lithography
Bottom-up: Self-assembly
Characterization and Handling
Measurements
Nanotemplates
34. What is Nanotechnology?
• Research and technology development at the atomic, molecular
or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1
- 100 nanometers.
• Creating and using structures, devices and systems that have
novel properties and functions because of their small and/or
intermediate size.
• Ability to control processes at a few nm-range for advanced
material processing and manufacturing.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40. The Scale of Things – Nanometers and More
Things Natural Things Manmade
10-2 m 1 cm
10 mm
Head of a pin
1-2 mm The Challenge
Ant 1,000,000 nanometers =
~ 5 mm 10-3 m 1 millimeter (mm)
Microwave
MicroElectroMechanical
Dust mite (MEMS) devices
10 -100 mm wide
200 mm 10-4 m
0.1 mm
100 mm
Microworld
Fly ash
Human hair ~ 10-20 mm
~ 60-120 mm wide
O
P
O O
-5
10 m 0.01 mm O O O O
10 mm O O O O O O O O
Pollen grain
Red blood cells
O O O O O O O O
Infrared
S S S S S S S S
Red blood cells
(~7-8 mm) Zone plate x-ray “lens”
1,000 nanometers =
10-6 m 1 micrometer (mm) Outer ring spacing ~35 nm
Visible
Fabricate and combine
nanoscale building
blocks to make useful
10-7 m 0.1 mm devices, e.g., a
100 nm photosynthetic reaction
Ultraviolet
center with integral
semiconductor storage.
Nanoworld
Self-assembled,
0.01 mm Nature-inspired structure
10-8 m Many 10s of nm
~10 nm diameter 10 nm
Nanotube electrode
ATP synthase
10-9 m 1 nanometer (nm) Carbon
buckyball
Soft x-ray
~1 nm
diameter
Carbon nanotube
~1.3 nm diameter
DNA 10-10 m Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper surface
0.1 nm
~2-1/2 nm diameter Atoms of silicon positioned one at a time with an STM tip
spacing ~tenths of nm Corral diameter 14 nm
58. For absorption,
energy of photon absorbed goes
as 1/L2,
smaller particle absorbs larger
energy photon, who’s wavelength
is smaller (toward blue), and longer
wavelength photons (toward red)
are transmitted.
59. Figure 7.2. Solutions of quantum dots of varying size. Note the variation
in color of each solution illustrating the particle size dependence of the
optical absorption for each sample. Note that the smaller particles are in
the red solution (absorbs blue), and that the larger ones are in the blue
(absorbs red).
60.
61. For light scattering,
the photon wavelength must be
smaller than the particle size, and
the smaller particles tend to
scatter only the shorter
wavelength photons (toward blue)
62.
63. .Nanomaterials
• C. Dimensionality
• D. Chemical varieties
• E. Shapes
• F. Synthesis
– 1. Lithography
– 2. self-assembly
72. Carbon Nanotubes/Nanocones with Various Catalyst Patterning Dimensions
by E-beam Lithography
30
0n
40
m
0n
1m
12
m1
0n
m
60
m
20
60
nm
0n
nm
80
m
nm
10
0n
m
nm
100
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81. Figure 2.1. The process of forming a self-assembled monolayer. A
substrate is immersed into a dilute solution of a surface-active
material that adsorbs onto the surface and organizes via a self-
assembly process. The result is a highly ordered and well-packed
molecular monolayer. (Adapted from Ref. 9 by permission of
American Chemical Society.)
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87. .Characterization and Handling
– a. Optical Tweezers
– b. Electromagnetic tweezers
– c. In nanotemplates
– d. Structural Analysis by TEM, SEM, X-ray, etc.
88.
89.
90.
91. Ballistic Nanotube MOS Transistors (Chen,Hastings)
Placement of Nanotubes by E-Field
D Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor(FET)
(The first-demo) Al-Gate SWNT
L Drain
Source
d HfO2
W
L
Ti
SiO2 L~20 nm
E-Beam Lithography
93. Coarse approach
mechanism
Reference
S
c
a feedback
n
n data
-
e
r
Signa l
Sensor
Sample
Figur e 3.1. Schematic showing all major
components of an SPM. In this example,
feedback is used major components
all to move the sensor
Figure 3.1. Schematic showingmaintain a constant signa l. of an SPM. In
vertically to
this example, feedback is used to movethe sensor is taken
Vertical displacement of the sensor vertically to
as topograph ical data.
maintain a constant signal. Vertical displacement of the sensor is
taken as topographical data
94.
95. Clean Room
Major equipment
Photolithography Plasma
Enhanced
• Focused Ion Beam System (FIB) (scheduled for installation in mid 2007) Chemical
• Atomic Layer Deposition System (ALD)
Vapor
• Rapid Thermal Processing System (RTP)
• Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition System (PECVD) Deposition
• Standard Resolution Electron Beam Lithography (EBL)
• Atomic Force Microscope for Nanopatterning, and Manipulation (AFM)
• Atomic Force Microscope for Atomic Resolution Imaging (AFM)
• Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
• 4-furnace bank of 3-zone oxidation, dopant diffusion, and annealing furnaces
• Class 100 Clean Room
• Spin-Coating Station
• Photolithography System
• Surface Profiler Reactive Ion Etching
• Chemical Treatment Station (cleaning, etching, and functionalization)
• Ion Milling System
• Plasma Cleaning/Oxidation System
• Gas Cabinet Bank
• Experimental Materials Thermal Evaporator
• Standard Materials Thermal Evaporator
• Electron-Beam Evaporator
• Multi-target Sputtering System
• Probe Station and Device Characterization System
• Four-Point Resistance Measurement System Atomic
• Ellipsometer Layer
• Optical Microscopes Deposition
• Dicing Saw Quartz MicroBalance
• Equipment Cooling Systems (3)
• Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) Etching System (scheduled for installation in Feb. 2006)
• Experimental materials sputtering system (scheduled for installation in mid 2006)
• Ultra-High Resolution EBL and SEM System
Rapid Thermal
Processing
98. Fig.2 (a) Nanostructure of anodically formed Al2O3 template. (b) its cross-section,
(c) catalyst deposited at the bottom of the pores, (e) vertically aligned nanotubes, and (f) TEM
image of a nanotube.
99. Nano-scale Material Research
(Chen, Singh, DeLong, Saito, Yang, Bhattacharyya, and Sumanasekeras)
The first vertically aligned nanotubes on silicon substrates using templates
200nm (b)
200 nm
(d)
Nano-template Catalyst
(a) (c)
Hexagonal Cells
SiO2 Al
SiO2
Vertically aligned MWNTs
Horizontally
aligned embedded in AAO insulator
SiO2
Si substrate Carbon nanotubes
100. • Fig. 3 Schematic representing the helix-coil transitions within the pore of a
Poly-L-Glutamic Acid functionalized membrane (a) random-coil formation at
PH > 5.5 , (b) helix formation at low pH ( <4 ).