Klingbeil, R., 2010. Wasser - eine strategische Ressource im Nahen und Mittleren Osten [Water - A Strategic Resource in the Middle East]. Presentation at DGVN-HSS-Seminar “Krisenregion Naher Osten” "Crises Region Middle East", 23-25 July 2010, Wildbad Kreuth, Germany.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Challenges to Water Resources Management in the Middle East. Presentation in the Water Resources Seminar, 17 January 2012, American University of Technology, Halat - Byblos, Lebanon.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East: Challenges to Water Management. Presentation at the International Workshop on Hydrology: Nature & Engineering and the World Water Day celebration. 20-22 March 2011, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East - Some Considerations. Presentation at the BMZ-GIZ-Conference Water and Climate Change in the MENA-Region: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Best Practices. 28-29 April 2011, Berlin, Germany.
Klingbeil, R., & Assaf, H., 2010. Water, Scarcity and Climate Change - Some Considerations. Keynote Lecture at the Fifth Environmental Symposium of German-Arab Scientific Forum for Environmental Studies “Impact of Global Warming on Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa”, 20-21 September 2010, Byblos, Lebanon.
Irrigation for A Growing World: the Intelligent Use of WaterFarica46m
This document discusses options for addressing the global water crisis. It begins by outlining the basic problems of limited fresh water availability and increasing population and consumption. Some options presented to address water scarcity include water re-pricing to reflect true costs, water reuse, desalination, water transfers and delivery improvements, alternative plant selection, and conservation through efficient irrigation. Water-efficient irrigation technologies in particular are highlighted as having potential to significantly decrease agricultural and landscape water use while maintaining productivity.
The document discusses the global challenge of water scarcity. It notes that while the Earth is mostly water, only 3% is freshwater and availability is decreasing as consumption increases. By 2025, demand is expected to exceed supply by over 50% and many regions will face water stress. Solutions are needed to manage both direct and indirect water usage through trade and dietary changes. Sanitation is also a key issue that requires sustainable water supply solutions, especially in developing areas.
The document provides information about World Water Day, which is celebrated annually on March 22nd to raise awareness about the importance of fresh water. It discusses the current issues around global water scarcity, highlighting that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. 21 ways to conserve water at home are suggested, such as taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and using water-wise plants in landscaping. The document also examines past water conflicts and predicts increased tensions over water resources in the future if issues of scarcity, pollution, and sustainability are not adequately addressed.
Totten Freshwater Challenges And Opportunities 09 26 08Michael P Totten
Freshwaster worldwide faces challenges now and increasingly more severe due to climate change and growing human demand. Are there win-win ways to conserve watersheds and freshwater species, while meeting human demand?
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Challenges to Water Resources Management in the Middle East. Presentation in the Water Resources Seminar, 17 January 2012, American University of Technology, Halat - Byblos, Lebanon.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East: Challenges to Water Management. Presentation at the International Workshop on Hydrology: Nature & Engineering and the World Water Day celebration. 20-22 March 2011, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East - Some Considerations. Presentation at the BMZ-GIZ-Conference Water and Climate Change in the MENA-Region: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Best Practices. 28-29 April 2011, Berlin, Germany.
Klingbeil, R., & Assaf, H., 2010. Water, Scarcity and Climate Change - Some Considerations. Keynote Lecture at the Fifth Environmental Symposium of German-Arab Scientific Forum for Environmental Studies “Impact of Global Warming on Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa”, 20-21 September 2010, Byblos, Lebanon.
Irrigation for A Growing World: the Intelligent Use of WaterFarica46m
This document discusses options for addressing the global water crisis. It begins by outlining the basic problems of limited fresh water availability and increasing population and consumption. Some options presented to address water scarcity include water re-pricing to reflect true costs, water reuse, desalination, water transfers and delivery improvements, alternative plant selection, and conservation through efficient irrigation. Water-efficient irrigation technologies in particular are highlighted as having potential to significantly decrease agricultural and landscape water use while maintaining productivity.
The document discusses the global challenge of water scarcity. It notes that while the Earth is mostly water, only 3% is freshwater and availability is decreasing as consumption increases. By 2025, demand is expected to exceed supply by over 50% and many regions will face water stress. Solutions are needed to manage both direct and indirect water usage through trade and dietary changes. Sanitation is also a key issue that requires sustainable water supply solutions, especially in developing areas.
The document provides information about World Water Day, which is celebrated annually on March 22nd to raise awareness about the importance of fresh water. It discusses the current issues around global water scarcity, highlighting that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. 21 ways to conserve water at home are suggested, such as taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and using water-wise plants in landscaping. The document also examines past water conflicts and predicts increased tensions over water resources in the future if issues of scarcity, pollution, and sustainability are not adequately addressed.
Totten Freshwater Challenges And Opportunities 09 26 08Michael P Totten
Freshwaster worldwide faces challenges now and increasingly more severe due to climate change and growing human demand. Are there win-win ways to conserve watersheds and freshwater species, while meeting human demand?
At the project inception in February 2009, Generation Power and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), which commissioned this study, set the following goals:
1. Conduct physical water audits of at least 120 LAUSD school campuses, including water fixture counts, analysis of makes and models of toilets, and analysis of irrigation controllers and field conditions.
2. Develop an ongoing technical and media force for water conservation and campus sustainability.
3. Develop the organizational, technical, and knowledge capacity to have a significant and ongoing impact on water usage within the LAUSD.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Water Management Challenges Under Drought Conditions. Presentation at the "Consensus Building and Awareness Workshop, Iraq Drought Risk Management Project", joint workshop of GoI, UNDP, UNESCO and UN ESCWA, 26-28 Mar 2012, Beirut, Lebanon.
This document discusses the importance of water storage for hydropower, sustainable development, and poverty eradication. It argues that reservoirs provide essential services like water regulation, supply, and flood control. While some groups oppose dams and reservoirs due to environmental concerns, reservoirs offer similar ecological benefits to natural lakes and allow for renewable hydropower. The document asserts that without infrastructure investments in water storage, goals like universal access to water and electricity cannot be achieved.
Unit 3 contested_planet_water_conflictsALawson1234
1. Water conflicts is the second topic examining the range of conflicts that arise from growing demands and diminishing water supplies globally.
2. Potential implications of increasing water insecurity include more severe water shortages than energy shortages, and conflicts between players over limited supply.
3. Key factors influencing water supply and scarcity include climate, physical geography, hydrology, human uses and abstractions, with around 1/3 of the global population facing some form of water scarcity.
The document provides a public relations proposal for the Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA) to promote its new Advanced Water Treatment plant. It includes a situational analysis of EWA's history and competitors, as well as internal and external factors. The proposal defines key publics, outlines formative research, and provides goals, messaging strategies and a budget for the PR campaign. It concludes with recommendations to increase support for EWA's efforts to recycle wastewater into drinking water.
Covering Natural Disaster Losses for Water Utilities - An insurance mutual fo...CAWASA
The Caribbean region is highly prone to climate hazards and has a history of being adversely impacted by weather related events, resulting in significant losses and damages.
Most of the Caribbean islands lie within the North Atlantic “hurricane belt,” with the major climatic events affecting the region being tropical depressions and cyclones, which generate strong winds, and rainstorms that cause flooding, landslides, and storm surges.
The Southwest California Legislative Council has adopted the following positions on 2014 California State ballot propositions 1, 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, and local Measures AA (Mount San Jacinto College Bond) and Measure BB (Murrieta Valley Unified School District Bond).
The document summarizes events related to World Water Day held on March 22nd. It discusses events held by various Caribbean water utilities to celebrate and raise awareness about water issues. Specifically, it discusses events held by the Water Authority of the Cayman Islands, DOWASCO in Dominica, and inauguration of a solar photovoltaic project partnership between the Barbados Water Authority and the United Arab Emirates. It also provides information on chlorine safety workshops hosted by CAWASA and the Chlorine Institute in Saint Lucia. The overarching theme of World Water Day 2019 was "leaving no one behind" and ensuring access to water and sanitation for all.
The document summarizes the formation and mission of the 1071 Coalition advocacy group, which aims to influence water management policies to maintain healthy water levels in Lake Lanier. It discusses impacts from low water levels, the need for more advocacy, and the Coalition's plans to commission economic impact studies and technical reports to bolster Georgia's position and counter Florida's public relations efforts regarding water allocation and flows. The total projected three-year budget is $700,000.
Author of “The Future of Water” and a long-time strategic consultant and transactional advisor to the water industry, Maxwell will review current challenges and opportunities in the world water market, and will highlight four critical trends which will increasingly categorize the water business and water decision-making over the longer-term future.
The Hawaii state government is proposing to spend $30 million over two years to repair the leaking reflecting pools at the State Capitol building. The pools have deteriorated after 50 years and now require rebuilding walls, installing a false bottom to make maintenance easier, and adding filtration and chlorine treatment. Some lawmakers question the large costs for maintenance. Reflecting pools at other capitol buildings like the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. also struggle with persistent algae growth issues despite repair efforts. Proper maintenance of reflecting pools requires balancing the water chemistry and controlling nutrient levels that feed algae growth.
The document discusses the history and role of the International Joint Commission (IJC) in protecting shared US-Canada waters. The IJC was established by the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty to help prevent disputes over transboundary waters. It has played a key role in issues like regulating water levels and addressing pollution. The IJC also oversees the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and provides independent reports and recommendations to governments on shared water issues. Over its century of operation, the IJC has helped the US and Canada cooperatively manage their shared waters and resolve disputes through consensus-based decisions guided by science.
Cook County Solid Waste Management Plan, 2011 Update (Click on the fullscreen...Sebastian James
The document summarizes Cook County's draft 2011 update to its Solid Waste Management Plan. It outlines requirements to submit 5-year plan updates to the Illinois EPA and details the update process, including public hearings and comment periods. The update focuses on achieving zero waste through reduction, reuse and recycling goals between 25-100% by properly managing household, construction, electronic and food waste. It also addresses data and legislation changes since the previous plan.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing water-related risks and opportunities from a business perspective. It discusses how high public expectations around water issues create both risks and opportunities for companies. An integrated water management approach is presented as a framework for considering not just a company's needs but also stakeholder and environmental interests. Key risks and opportunities related to water access, reputation, regulation, and efficiency are outlined. Examples of how risks and opportunities vary across business sectors are provided. The document concludes with an overview of tools and frameworks that can help with integrated water management assessments.
Cape st claire technical memo final draft with figuresBill Szczytko
Biohabitats evaluated 7 shoreline sites in Cape St. Claire, Maryland for ecological restoration and enhancement projects. They developed conceptual plans for each site, focusing on reducing erosion and improving habitat. For the main beach (Site 1), they initially proposed a hybrid design with floating oyster cages and reef balls to attenuate waves, but after community feedback, developed an alternative using a rock breakwater and groins. They presented both concepts to regulators, who recommended the rock revetment design as easier to permit. Overall, the report assessed conditions at each site and provided high-level restoration approaches.
Don't be ruled by your past. Don't be crippled by the past. Let the past be the past and focus on what is ahead. A great reason why a gloomy history may repeat itself is that we may have neglected what history did. When we neglect what history did, history visits us in the same cloth. - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah
We cannot change the past. We can only take action in the present and, therefore, change the future. - Ken Poirot
The unit plan is for an 11th grade class to discuss Thomas Paine's Common Sense over 5 days. Day 1 involves a teacher presentation on Common Sense. Day 2 has students reading and highlighting important points from the text. Day 3 consists of watching a video about Common Sense and comparing viewpoints. Days 4-5 involve student group research on Thomas Paine and presentations of their findings to the class. Computers and a smart board will be used for presentations, videos, and student research.
Making Sense Of Common Sense Thomas PaineStephen Veliz
Thomas Paine was a political journalist and pamphleteer who published the influential pamphlet "Common Sense" in 1776 advocating for American independence from Britain. The document examines excerpts from "Common Sense" where Paine argues that continued connection with Britain only benefits Britain, not the colonies, and that independence is the natural right of the colonists. He asserts that small islands like Britain should not govern large continents like America and that independence is necessary to keep peace on the continent.
At the project inception in February 2009, Generation Power and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), which commissioned this study, set the following goals:
1. Conduct physical water audits of at least 120 LAUSD school campuses, including water fixture counts, analysis of makes and models of toilets, and analysis of irrigation controllers and field conditions.
2. Develop an ongoing technical and media force for water conservation and campus sustainability.
3. Develop the organizational, technical, and knowledge capacity to have a significant and ongoing impact on water usage within the LAUSD.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Water Management Challenges Under Drought Conditions. Presentation at the "Consensus Building and Awareness Workshop, Iraq Drought Risk Management Project", joint workshop of GoI, UNDP, UNESCO and UN ESCWA, 26-28 Mar 2012, Beirut, Lebanon.
This document discusses the importance of water storage for hydropower, sustainable development, and poverty eradication. It argues that reservoirs provide essential services like water regulation, supply, and flood control. While some groups oppose dams and reservoirs due to environmental concerns, reservoirs offer similar ecological benefits to natural lakes and allow for renewable hydropower. The document asserts that without infrastructure investments in water storage, goals like universal access to water and electricity cannot be achieved.
Unit 3 contested_planet_water_conflictsALawson1234
1. Water conflicts is the second topic examining the range of conflicts that arise from growing demands and diminishing water supplies globally.
2. Potential implications of increasing water insecurity include more severe water shortages than energy shortages, and conflicts between players over limited supply.
3. Key factors influencing water supply and scarcity include climate, physical geography, hydrology, human uses and abstractions, with around 1/3 of the global population facing some form of water scarcity.
The document provides a public relations proposal for the Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA) to promote its new Advanced Water Treatment plant. It includes a situational analysis of EWA's history and competitors, as well as internal and external factors. The proposal defines key publics, outlines formative research, and provides goals, messaging strategies and a budget for the PR campaign. It concludes with recommendations to increase support for EWA's efforts to recycle wastewater into drinking water.
Covering Natural Disaster Losses for Water Utilities - An insurance mutual fo...CAWASA
The Caribbean region is highly prone to climate hazards and has a history of being adversely impacted by weather related events, resulting in significant losses and damages.
Most of the Caribbean islands lie within the North Atlantic “hurricane belt,” with the major climatic events affecting the region being tropical depressions and cyclones, which generate strong winds, and rainstorms that cause flooding, landslides, and storm surges.
The Southwest California Legislative Council has adopted the following positions on 2014 California State ballot propositions 1, 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, and local Measures AA (Mount San Jacinto College Bond) and Measure BB (Murrieta Valley Unified School District Bond).
The document summarizes events related to World Water Day held on March 22nd. It discusses events held by various Caribbean water utilities to celebrate and raise awareness about water issues. Specifically, it discusses events held by the Water Authority of the Cayman Islands, DOWASCO in Dominica, and inauguration of a solar photovoltaic project partnership between the Barbados Water Authority and the United Arab Emirates. It also provides information on chlorine safety workshops hosted by CAWASA and the Chlorine Institute in Saint Lucia. The overarching theme of World Water Day 2019 was "leaving no one behind" and ensuring access to water and sanitation for all.
The document summarizes the formation and mission of the 1071 Coalition advocacy group, which aims to influence water management policies to maintain healthy water levels in Lake Lanier. It discusses impacts from low water levels, the need for more advocacy, and the Coalition's plans to commission economic impact studies and technical reports to bolster Georgia's position and counter Florida's public relations efforts regarding water allocation and flows. The total projected three-year budget is $700,000.
Author of “The Future of Water” and a long-time strategic consultant and transactional advisor to the water industry, Maxwell will review current challenges and opportunities in the world water market, and will highlight four critical trends which will increasingly categorize the water business and water decision-making over the longer-term future.
The Hawaii state government is proposing to spend $30 million over two years to repair the leaking reflecting pools at the State Capitol building. The pools have deteriorated after 50 years and now require rebuilding walls, installing a false bottom to make maintenance easier, and adding filtration and chlorine treatment. Some lawmakers question the large costs for maintenance. Reflecting pools at other capitol buildings like the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. also struggle with persistent algae growth issues despite repair efforts. Proper maintenance of reflecting pools requires balancing the water chemistry and controlling nutrient levels that feed algae growth.
The document discusses the history and role of the International Joint Commission (IJC) in protecting shared US-Canada waters. The IJC was established by the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty to help prevent disputes over transboundary waters. It has played a key role in issues like regulating water levels and addressing pollution. The IJC also oversees the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and provides independent reports and recommendations to governments on shared water issues. Over its century of operation, the IJC has helped the US and Canada cooperatively manage their shared waters and resolve disputes through consensus-based decisions guided by science.
Cook County Solid Waste Management Plan, 2011 Update (Click on the fullscreen...Sebastian James
The document summarizes Cook County's draft 2011 update to its Solid Waste Management Plan. It outlines requirements to submit 5-year plan updates to the Illinois EPA and details the update process, including public hearings and comment periods. The update focuses on achieving zero waste through reduction, reuse and recycling goals between 25-100% by properly managing household, construction, electronic and food waste. It also addresses data and legislation changes since the previous plan.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing water-related risks and opportunities from a business perspective. It discusses how high public expectations around water issues create both risks and opportunities for companies. An integrated water management approach is presented as a framework for considering not just a company's needs but also stakeholder and environmental interests. Key risks and opportunities related to water access, reputation, regulation, and efficiency are outlined. Examples of how risks and opportunities vary across business sectors are provided. The document concludes with an overview of tools and frameworks that can help with integrated water management assessments.
Cape st claire technical memo final draft with figuresBill Szczytko
Biohabitats evaluated 7 shoreline sites in Cape St. Claire, Maryland for ecological restoration and enhancement projects. They developed conceptual plans for each site, focusing on reducing erosion and improving habitat. For the main beach (Site 1), they initially proposed a hybrid design with floating oyster cages and reef balls to attenuate waves, but after community feedback, developed an alternative using a rock breakwater and groins. They presented both concepts to regulators, who recommended the rock revetment design as easier to permit. Overall, the report assessed conditions at each site and provided high-level restoration approaches.
Don't be ruled by your past. Don't be crippled by the past. Let the past be the past and focus on what is ahead. A great reason why a gloomy history may repeat itself is that we may have neglected what history did. When we neglect what history did, history visits us in the same cloth. - Ernest Agyemang Yeboah
We cannot change the past. We can only take action in the present and, therefore, change the future. - Ken Poirot
The unit plan is for an 11th grade class to discuss Thomas Paine's Common Sense over 5 days. Day 1 involves a teacher presentation on Common Sense. Day 2 has students reading and highlighting important points from the text. Day 3 consists of watching a video about Common Sense and comparing viewpoints. Days 4-5 involve student group research on Thomas Paine and presentations of their findings to the class. Computers and a smart board will be used for presentations, videos, and student research.
Making Sense Of Common Sense Thomas PaineStephen Veliz
Thomas Paine was a political journalist and pamphleteer who published the influential pamphlet "Common Sense" in 1776 advocating for American independence from Britain. The document examines excerpts from "Common Sense" where Paine argues that continued connection with Britain only benefits Britain, not the colonies, and that independence is the natural right of the colonists. He asserts that small islands like Britain should not govern large continents like America and that independence is necessary to keep peace on the continent.
Thomas paine’s common sense and the american revolutionmasmith214
Megan Smith's document discusses Thomas Paine's pamphlet "Common Sense" and its role in sparking the American Revolution. It provides background on Paine, including images of his childhood home in England and the farmhouse in New York where he died. The document also contains images from the Revolutionary War period, such as Betsy Ross presenting the American flag to George Washington. Works cited at the end provide references used to research Paine and "Common Sense."
Thomas Paine wrote the influential pamphlet "Common Sense" in 1776 to encourage American independence from Britain. The pamphlet was written in simple terms for common people to understand and helped shift public opinion towards accepting the Declaration of Independence. During the Revolutionary War, Paine traveled with the Continental Army and wrote the "American Crisis" papers between 1776-1783 to motivate the soldiers, especially those at Valley Forge. His writing skills were valuable for inspiring the colonists and troops despite his inability to serve as a soldier.
This document discusses how civil engineers can promote green building and renewable energy to be better stewards of the environment. It provides examples of design considerations for green buildings like reducing energy consumption and maximizing use of space. Ways to implement green building include minimizing dead zones, using natural lighting, recycling wastewater on site, and installing energy-saving windows. The document also discusses renewable resources like solar, geothermal, wind, and hydroelectric power. It provides Lebanese examples of implementing these technologies and policies to further promote green building and renewable energy.
Thomas Paine was an influential author and revolutionary figure who greatly contributed to American independence in the late 18th century. He published the widely read "Common Sense" pamphlet advocating for independence from Britain. Paine later lost popularity for his writings criticizing Christianity but remained admired in France, where he was elected to the National Convention. Though he owned little property, Paine had a significant impact through his political writings that helped shape the new American nation and inspire revolutionary ideals.
Thomas Paine was an influential pamphleteer during the American and French Revolutions. He wrote influential pamphlets like The Crisis, Common Sense, and Rights of Man to advocate for independence from Britain and support for the revolutionary causes. Though he played a key role in American independence, only a few people attended his funeral due to his criticism of Christianity.
This document presents information about rural water access and management. It discusses human rights to water, global water statistics showing rural populations have less access, and water sources. Facts are given about the MENA region where most countries have low water resources. The document also outlines water conditions in Lebanon, noting water scarcity and pollution issues especially impacting rural areas. Sustainable management of water resources is discussed as important for ensuring adequate, safe water access.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Groundwater and Water Management Issues in the Middle East. Presentation as part of the Water Resources Management Program / Desert and Arid Zones Sciences Program / Environmental Management Program, 08 November 2012, Arabian Gulf University, Salmaniyah, Bahrain.
Fresh water is the most fundamental natural resource, but many countries face water scarcity. According to a recent report, 35% of the world's population in 9 countries had less than 2,000 cubic meters of renewable freshwater available per person per year. While there is enough water globally, water insufficiency is due to mismanagement. A catastrophic water shortage could pose one of the biggest threats to mankind in coming years. Major issues include water-borne diseases, high water pollution, and scarcity negatively impacting education in India. Solutions include conserving water, polluting less, improving management of supply and demand, slowing population growth, rainwater harvesting, cross-border management, and wastewater recycling. Addressing the
The document discusses several issues related to water as a potential cause of future conflict. It notes that global demand for water is rising due to population growth, urbanization, and increasing agricultural and industrial needs. However, the available supply of freshwater is limited and fluctuating, exacerbated by climate change. This imbalance between supply and demand could fuel conflicts, especially if existing water governance and sharing arrangements are ineffective or fragmented. The document explores these issues in depth across socioeconomic, governance, environmental, and geopolitical factors.
Water Resources Management In Malaysia : NGO rolesTaylor Ling
This document discusses water resource management in Malaysia. It notes that while water is a vital resource, it is becoming increasingly scarce due to pollution and overuse. The document outlines Malaysia's current water usage and projections that demand will outpace supply by 2025 without improved management. Key challenges include non-revenue water loss through leaks, lack of enforcement, and poor public attitudes toward conservation. The document argues that non-governmental organizations could help address these issues by assisting the government in reducing non-revenue water losses, which currently account for about 40% of water production in Malaysia. With NGO involvement, better monitoring and solutions could be implemented to sustainably manage Malaysia's water resources for future needs.
Australian Showcase:Theme 1:Australia and Waterined_v3icidciid
The document discusses water management in Australia, focusing on the Water Act of 2007 and the Murray-Darling Basin Plan. It provides background on Australia's climate and history of water management agreements. It describes the objectives of the Water Act to manage basin water resources through plans and environmental flows. It also discusses government investment programs aimed at improving irrigation efficiency and balancing environmental and consumptive water needs.
“What makes a river so restful to people is that it doesn’t have any doubt - it is sure to get where it is going, and it doesn’t want to go anywhere else.”
Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Water Resource Management in the Wat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the impacts of climate change adaptation and integrated water resource management on water use and sustainability in Monrovia, Liberia. It finds that while Liberia has abundant water resources, implementation of integrated water resource management has faced challenges and Liberia scores the lowest in implementation status compared to other West African nations. There has also been little progress in designing a national climate change adaptation plan for the water sector. The document reviews Liberia's water resources, integrated water management efforts, the link between climate change and water resources, and limitations of current climate prediction models.
The document summarizes a lecture on the Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus. It discusses the Bonn 2011 Nexus Conference, which was a major preparatory conference for the Rio+20 Summit. The conference brought together stakeholders from governments, businesses, NGOs and UN agencies to address the interlinkages between water, energy and food security. It highlighted the need for integrated, cross-sectoral approaches to sustainably meet increasing global demands for water, energy and food. The outcomes included policy recommendations and new initiatives to help achieve long-term water, energy and food security.
Klingbeil, R., 2015. Water, Water Scarcity and Sustainable Development. Presentation at UNESCO-RFH Conference “Coping with Water Scarcity”, Beirut, Lebanon, 14-16 Dec 2015.
This document summarizes the issue of water scarcity in India and methods of conservation. It notes that over 2.8 billion people worldwide face water scarcity, including over 1.2 billion who lack access to clean drinking water. In India, water scarcity is attributed to factors like population growth, lack of family planning, corruption, and overexploitation of groundwater resources. Per capita water availability in India has declined from 1816 cubic meters in 2001 to 1545 cubic meters in 2011. Community initiatives like watershed management and government programs focusing on water data, conservation, vulnerable areas, efficiency, and integrated management aim to address the problem. Rainwater harvesting and farm ponds help exploit groundwater resources sustainably.
This document discusses integrated watershed management. It begins by noting that water is a limited resource and that poor management could threaten access to water for many people. It then discusses various aspects of watershed management, including participatory approaches, strategies for sustainable groundwater use, the importance of tanks for irrigation, and recommended watershed activities. The key aspects covered are the importance of involving local communities, balancing water needs, and managing watersheds holistically.
India; Harvesting Rainwater, Catch Water Where it Falls: Rooftop Rain Water ...D5Z
Harvesting rainwater is an effective way to address water scarcity issues, especially in urban areas like Delhi that are facing acute shortages. Roof rainwater harvesting systems capture rainwater and use various structures like recharge pits and trenches to allow the water to percolate into the ground and recharge aquifers. This helps restore hydrological balance and lowers stress on groundwater supplies. Rainwater harvesting is a low-cost solution that is easy to implement at individual homes, apartments, colonies and other developments. It provides environmental and financial benefits by supplementing water needs and reducing pumping costs.
Kavya Desai 10-B S.S Project Water Resources.pptxsanjeev kumar
Water resources refer to sources of water such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers that are useful for human use like drinking water and irrigation. Only 3% of the Earth's water is freshwater, with over two thirds frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. Water resources are important for maintaining adequate food supply and a productive environment. Humans benefit directly from water resources through uses like cooking, cleaning, and production of goods. However, water resources face threats from issues like water scarcity, pollution, conflict over access, and climate change.
This document provides an overview of the global and India's water scenario, current issues and challenges related to water security in India. It discusses factors impacting water security such as population growth, urbanization, water quality issues from pollution, overexploitation of groundwater, deforestation, reduced rainwater usage, conflicts and climate change. The key issues facing India are rapid depletion of groundwater sources, over 70% of water being contaminated, most households lacking access to drinking water, and increasing water demand outpacing available supply. Urgent action is needed to ensure sustainable water management and access to clean water for all as targeted under the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Water is a finite resource that exists in both freshwater and seawater forms. As the global population has grown, the demand for water has far exceeded the available supply. Agriculture accounts for 67% of global water usage, mostly for irrigation. Industry uses 21% globally, a percentage expected to rise with developing countries' economic growth. Domestic water usage makes up 10% but varies greatly between countries. Surface water and aquifers are the main sources, but overuse is causing issues like declining water tables and seawater contamination in some areas. Water poverty is linked to overall poverty, as lack of access to clean water hampers development and quality of life.
Presented by IWMI's Claudia Sadoff, Director General, at the Workshop on Development Impact and SDGs: Irrigation, Water Resource Management & WASH at New Development Bank (NDB) Headquarters, in Shanghai, China, on 20 February, 2019.
This document discusses challenges related to water resource management in Kenya, including deforestation, soil erosion, water scarcity, pollution, and conflicts over water usage. It notes issues such as the lack of water during dry seasons, encroachment into wetlands, inappropriate water utilization, and poor management of springs. The goal of integrated water resource management (IWRM) planning is outlined as changing lives by addressing priority water problems through a basin planning approach that takes all water-related activities and developments into account to achieve sustainable use. Opportunities for IWRM include managing watershed resources like agriculture land, wetlands, and forests.
The document summarizes a water assessment study conducted in Bajaur, Khyber, and Mohmand agencies in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The study aimed to assess surface water and groundwater availability, develop a water balance model, and prepare a water management plan. Key findings include:
1) Surface water was assessed through analysis of rainfall, snowmelt, and proposed/existing dams. Groundwater was assessed through analysis of recharge, budget, and drawdown.
2) Major water consumers like agriculture, people, and livestock were identified and their current and projected water needs estimated.
3) A water balance model was developed to integrate water availability and consumption data for each agency and
Similar to R. Klingbeil, 2010: Wasser - eine strategische Ressource im Nahen und Mittleren Osten [Water - A Strategic Resource in the Middle East] (20)
Klingbeil, R., et al., 2021. Assessing Groundwater Quality: A Global Perspective. Importance, methods and potential data sources. Presentation at the UN Environment World Water Quality Alliance (WWQA), 2nd Annual Global Meeting, 27-28 Jan 2021.
Villholth, K., Klingbeil, R., Ruz Vargas, C., et al., 2020. Assessing Groundwater Quality: A Global Perspective. Importance, methods and potential data sources. Presentation at the SADC 3rd Groundwater Conference, 24-26 Nov 2020.
Klingbeil, R. & Buss, S., 2002. Groundwater Protection in the Time of Foot and Mouth Disease. Hydrogeological Risk Assessment at Proposed “Burn and Bury” Sites. Presentation and Abstract, Biannual Meeting of the Fachsektion Hydrogeologie der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft (FH-DGG) [Section Hydrogeology of the German Geological Society], 09-11 May 2002, Greifswald, Germany. In: Schafmeister, M.-T. & Meyer, T. [Editors], Grundwasserressourcen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Erschließung und Naturschutz [Groundwater Resources in the Stress Field Between Exploration and Nature Conservation], Abstracts, Publication of the German Geological Society, 19, p. 44.
The document discusses managed aquifer recharge (MAR) techniques for coastal aquifers containing brackish and saline groundwater. It notes that over-exploitation and upconing effects have reduced the efficiency of conventional aquifer storage and recovery systems. The document explores different MAR approaches for various coastal settings and aquifer types. It also summarizes recent research on optimizing well design and operation for MAR in brackish aquifers. Finally, the document proposes areas for potential cooperation between European and GCC countries on MAR pilot projects, research, and improving regulations.
Klingbeil, R., Gröschke, M., 2019. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Coastal Aquifers, in Brackish and Saline Groundwater. Presentation at the WSTA 13th Gulf Water Conference, Kuwait, 12-14 Mar 2019.
This document discusses potential cooperation between the EU and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries - Oman, Bahrain, and the UAE - on subsurface water storage (SWS) technologies. All three countries face increasing salinization of coastal aquifers from seawater intrusion. Excess desalinated water and treated wastewater could be injected underground via aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) to increase water storage capacity and mitigate salinization. The countries expressed interest in SWS pilot projects, applied research, and capacity development assistance from the EU regarding regulatory standards and approval procedures. Joint research, capacity building activities, and funding options could enable cooperation on SWS applications to address coastal aquifer management challenges
Klingbeil., R., 2017. Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa – Challenges and Way Forward. Presentation in the Seminar "International Water Issues", Master Program Hydro Science & Engineering, TU Dresden, 18 Apr 2017.
Klingbeil, R., 2017. Groundwater Management in the MENA Region: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future. Presentation at the WSTA 12th Gulf Water Conference, Bahrain, 28-30 Mar 2017.
Klingbeil, R., 2017. Wasserressourcen und Wassermanagement in Verbindung zu Sicherheitsfragen in der MENA Region [Water Ressources and Water Management in Relation to Security Questions in the MENA Region]. Presentation at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy, Hamburg, 25 Jan 2017.
Klingbeil, R., 2016. Wasser im Nahen und Mittleren Osten: Verfügbarkeit, Nutzungen, Herausforderungen unter Bezugnahme auf das UN ESCWA BGR Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia [Water in the Near and Middle East: Availability, Uses, Challenges with Reference to the UN ESCWA BGR Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia]. Presentation at Fachgespräch "Wasseressourcen im Nahen Osten" [Expert Discussion "Water Resources in the Middle East"], Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Bonn, Germany, 08 Dec. 2016.
Klingbeil, R., 2016. Groundwater for Sustainable Development in the MENA Region. Presentation at the 43rd Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) “Groundwater and society: 60 years of IAH”, Montpellier, France, 25-28 Sep 2016.
Klingbeil, R., 2016. Dialogue between Science and Policy: Water in the MENA Region. Presentation at Colloquium of the UFZ IP Water Scarcity, Leipzig, Germany, 20 May 2016.
Klingbeil, R., 2016. Wasser für die MENA Region - Bedeutung von Zusammenarbeit und Netzwerken [Water for the MENA Region - Importance of Cooperation and Networking]. Presentation at Seminar "Preparedness - Prepare Companies for Future Change", VDMA discussion group "Corporate Foresight", Frankfurt, Germany, 12 May 2016.
Klingbeil, R., 2016. No Sustainable Development Without Water: Challenges and Ways Forward for Water Management in the Region. Presentation at International Water Conference 2016 "Water Resource in Arid areas: The Way Forward", Sultan-Qaboos-University, Muscat, Oman, 13-16 March 2016.
This document summarizes a seminar on water challenges in the Arab region held in Lebanon. It discusses the region's water scarcity issues such as low renewable water availability per capita compared to global averages, high population growth rates straining limited resources, and reliance on non-renewable groundwater for agriculture. Specific challenges facing Lebanon are also examined, including drought years in 2003-2004, 2007-2008, and 2013-2014 that impacted groundwater and springs. The seminar outlines strategies like improved efficiency, reuse of treated wastewater, and managed aquifer recharge to address the region's water security dilemmas.
AWARENET is a regional network hosted by UN ESCWA that aims to improve integrated water resources management in Arab countries. It has over 400 members from 90 institutions across 21 Arab nations. AWARENET provides training courses, studies, and working groups on topics like water governance, water footprint assessment, and climate change adaptation. Its goals are to enhance water and sanitation services, protect water resources and the environment, and promote sustainable water use.
Klingbeil, R., 2015. Governance of Groundwater: Linking Global Processes and Regional Needs. Presentation at IUCN-ROWA Regional Conference “Water and Nature Knowledge Sharing Forum”, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, 12-14 May 2015.
Klingbeil, R., 2015. AWARENET, the Arab Integrated Water Resources Management Network. Presentation at the regional Training Course on Water Footprint Assessments, Manama, Bahrain, 20-22 Apr 2015.
Klingbeil, R., 2015. Water for Sustainable Development - Water for the Future We Want. Presentation at the SQU-MRMWR-Workshop on Water & Sustainable Development, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, 18 Mar 2015.
Klingbeil, R., 2014. State of Water, Resources and Use, Trust Building and Dialogues as Basis for Enhancing Cooperation. Presentation at the LAS, AWC, CEDARE, UN ESCWA Workshop “Advancing Hydro-Diplomacy Skills for Shared Water Resources Negotiations”, 3rd Arab Water Forum, Cairo, Egypt, 12 Dec 2014.
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Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
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https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
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R. Klingbeil, 2010: Wasser - eine strategische Ressource im Nahen und Mittleren Osten [Water - A Strategic Resource in the Middle East]
1. Water -
A Strategic Resource in the Middle East
Wildbad Kreuth, Germany Ralf Klingbeil
25 July 2010 Regional Advisor
Environment & Water
2. Quotes
• “The next war in the Middle East will be over water.”
attributed to Boutros Boutros Ghali, former SG UN, 1993
• “The policy makers should become much more aware of the
central role of water in achieving regional peace. Right now
the question is, will it be cooperation or riparian suicide?”
Joschka Wessels, From the Source, 11 May 2010
• “Arabs are already in the heart of the water catastrophe.”
Najib Saad, SG AFED, 12 June 2010
• “Any delay in a serious response to the water challenge
corresponds to mass suicide. The water apocalypse is
knocking on Arab doors, right now.”
Najib Saad, SG AFED, 12 June 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 2
4. Outline
• UN-ESCWA – regional economic commission
• Regional Water Overview
The Many Dimensions of Water
– Water Availability and Demand
– Solutions to a Dilemma?
– Water and Food, Virtual Water, Food Imports
– Transboundary Water and Transboundary Aquifers
• What remains to be said
Hope?
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 4
5. UN ESCWA
• 14 Member
Countries
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 5
11. Total Renewable Water per Person
in ESCWA Region
Water Stress
Water Scarcity
Extreme Water Scarcity
ESCWA, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 11
12. Total Actual Renewable Water
Resources per Capita in MENA
Water Stress
Water Scarcity
Extreme Water Scarcity
FAO AQUASTAT, WB 2007
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 12
13. High Rate of Population Growth
ICBA, Barghouti, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 13
14. High Rate of Population Growth
in ESCWA Region
ESCWA, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 14
15. Renewable - Non-Renewable Groundwater
Renewable groundwater resources
Non-renewable groundwater
Less extensive aquifers
ESCWA, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 15
17. Sustainability and
Non-Renewable Groundwater
• Immediate gains vs. long term benefits
• No clear “Exit Strategy”, e.g., replacement water
resource
we are here, but
where are we
going next?
after
Al Zubari, 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 17
18. Sources of Water and Use
ICBA, Barghouti, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 18
19. Water – Key Development Issues
Facilitating Food Crisis
Economic Growth
Governance & Finance
Water Resources Management
Livable
Water Supply Climate
Cities
Growth
and Change
Human Development
Water Conflicts
Decentralization
Sanitation
Peak Water
Water Security
Local human services
Urbanization Irrigation Energy and
and Rural Development Hydropower
Poverty Impact Challenges
Water, Climate and Environment
Transboundary Water Financial
Crisis WB, Saghir, 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 19
32. Regional Water Overview
Transboundary Water and
Transboundary Aquifers
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 32
33. What is a Transboundary Aquifer ?
UNESCO / ISARM,
2001
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 33
34. TB Water & Aquifers in Middle East
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 34
35. TB Water – International Law
• 1966 Helsinki Rules
• 1992 UN ECE Water Convention, and
2003 Amendment
• 1997 UN Non-navigational Use Convention
(UN Watercourse Convention)
• 2000 EU Water Framework Directive “WFD”
(2000/60/EC),
2006 Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC)
• 2008 UNGA Resolution on the Law of TBAs
(“UNTBA”), inc. UN ILC comments 08/05/08
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 35
36. TB Water Cooperation – Principles
1. Equitable and Reasonable Utilisation
2. Obligation not to Cause Significant Harm
3. General Obligation to Cooperate
Regular Exchange of Data and Information
Bilateral and Regional Agreements & Arrangements
4. Environmental Protection
Protection and Preservation of Ecosystems
Prevention, Reduction and Control of Pollution
5. Monitoring and Management
Limited Sovereignty of Riparian / Aquifer States
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 36
39. Jordan River - Dead Sea Basin
• Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Palestine, Syrian Arab Republic
(mainly)
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org
modified after UN Dept. of Field Support 39
40. Jordan River Basin
• Cooperation over Y
existing water LEBANON
resources is not SYRIA
Y
effective / existent
JORDAN
Domination of control
N
1994 negotiations with Jordan RIVER
1995, 2000, 2008 negotiations
BASIN
Y
with Palestinians
Red – Dead Canal Y JORDAN
Occupied
No Long-term Water Security West
Bank
Lebanon perspective
Syria perspective
Signatories to IWL: 4 / 5
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 40
Zeitoun 2010
41. Upper Jordan River Basin - Springs
Hasbani (125 Mio m³/a)
Libanon
Dan (250 Mio m³/a)
Banias (125 Mio m³/a)
Israel Golan
Jordan
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 41
42. Upper Jordan River Basin - Springs
• Hasbani Spring, Hasbani River
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 42
43. Upper Jordan River Basin - Springs
• Ouazzani Spring, Hasbani River
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 43
44. Upper Jordan River Basin - Springs
Klein. 1998
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 44
53. Israel - Palestine: The Mountain Aquifers
• Geological Cross Section from West to East
FAO. 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 53
54. Eastern Mountain Aquifer
• Ein Samia, well field • Spring Fazael, close to
for Ramallah water Jordan valley
supply
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 54
55. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 2/7
SUSMAQ, 2004
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 55
56. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 3/7
• Well yields
West Bank
Israel
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 56
57. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 3/7
• Communities:
per cap
water
availability
less than
30 l/cap/day
http://www.intertech-pal.com/monitoring/data/data1.php
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 57
58. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 3/7
• Communities:
Extent of
water
networks
Communities
without
networks
http://www.intertech-pal.com/monitoring/data/data1.php
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 58
59. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 4/7
Historical Use: Surface and Groundwater
Zeitoun, Messerschmid, Attili, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 59
60. Israel – Palestine:
Western Aquifer 5/7
Historical Use: Different Sectors, Parties
Zeitoun, Messerschmid, Attili, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 60
61. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 6/7
Historical Use: One Party’s GW Abstraction
Zeitoun, Messerschmid, Attili, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 61
62. Israel-Palestine:
Western Aquifer 7/7
Groundwater Development Costs
MacDonald et al., 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 62
64. Gaza as Part of TB Coastal Aquifer
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 64
Messerschmid 2009
65. Gaza as Part of TB Coastal Aquifer
• Chloride concentrations in public drinking water wells
Messerschmid 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 65
66. Gaza: Sewage Lagoons
• Sewage catastrophe, • and new lagoons,
March 2007 October 2007
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 66
67. Khan Younis, Gaza:
Fetching Water instead of School
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 67
68. Gaza - End of Humanity?
• What is the World waiting for?
• Gaza cannot be self-supplied
with water
… just like Manhattan
• Desalination does not solve
the main problems of the
humanitarian and
environmental crisis
• Blockade is the greatest
environmental hazard
• Do we have to wait for
Cholera?
Messerschmid 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 68
69. Israel-Palestine:
Summary of Allocations
source Palestine Israel
Jordan River 0 100
Wadi al Fara’ 5 95
Wadi Gaza 2 98
Eastern Aquif. 60 40
N.Eastern Aquif. 35 65
Western Aquif. 6 94
Coastal Aquif. 35 65
OVERALL 10% 90%
‘Inequitable and Unreasonable’
Hydro-Hegemony
Consented to by PLO, and Palestinian Authority
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 69
70. Basis for Negotiations
Annapolis 2008
• The Israeli Solution
Perpetuate the current
inequitable allocation and
Overall Water Allocation
provide funding for ‘new New
water’ to enhance Palestine’s
share
New
Israel
Israel
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 70
71. Basis for Negotiations
Annapolis 2008
• The Palestinian Solution (1)
I. Reallocate the existing
water resources, generating
Overall Water Allocation
equitable allocations, and
ending the water conflict
Israel
Israel
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 71
72. Basis for Negotiations
Annapolis 2008
• The Palestinian Solution (2)
Overall Water Allocation
II. Develop and allocate the
‘new water’ New
New
Israel
Israel
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 72
73. Perspectives
• No resolution of the water conflict without
reallocation of freshwater
• No viable Palestinian State without sufficient
water.
• Negotiated agreement must be based on
equitable reallocation of shared water resources.
• Equitable distribution with Palestinians without
harm to Israel is possible.
• Water can be used as a vehicle for peace, but is
a source of further conflict.
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 73
74. Perspectives
• Less realistic solutions:
– Import from outside (Turkey)?
– Desalination ?
– Cisterns ?
– Water Savings ?
• More realistic solutions:
– New (deep) boreholes
– Waste water recycling
– Utilisation of springs
– Supply from Israel to Palestine
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 74
75. Perspectives
Friends of the Earth Middle East
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 75
76. Further Reading
Zeitoun 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 76
77. Israel - Palestine
water is everybody‘s business!
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 77
after Messerschmid, 2010
84. Lebanon
• MEW 10 year plan:
Dams and Lakes
some dams not shown on map El-Fadel, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 84
85. Lebanon
• Inter-Basin Transfers
– Litani
– Awali
– Hasbani / Jordan
• Transboundary
implications
El-Fadel, 2009
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 85
86. UN ESCWA Cooperation with
German Development Cooperation
• Federal Ministry for Economic
Cooperation and Deveopment,
BMZ
• Federal Institute for Geosciences and
Natural Resources, BGR
• Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
Zusammenarbeit, GTZ
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 86
87. ESCWA – BGR Cooperation
Project objective:
• “to improve national and regional dialogue for the
integrated management and protection of (shared /
transboundary) water resources in the ESCWA member
countries”
• Only BMZ-funded regional TC project in the Middle East
addressing issues related to the management of shared
(transboundary) water resources.
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 87
88. ESCWA – BGR Cooperation
Main activities:
1. Compilation of an inventory of shared water resources
in Western
2. Technical Assistance to Member Countries –
Monitoring of shared (transboundary) water resources
• Lebanon (Nahr El-Kebir - Border River)
• Syria (Euphrates River and tributaries in Northern Syria)
• Jordan (Disi Aquifer)
3. Support regional UN ESCWA activities to promote
dialogue on shared water resources
4. Promote, and provide tools for, the protection of
(drinking) water resources
Faysal, R. 2010
1 February 2012 www.escwa.un.org 88
89. ESCWA – BGR Cooperation
Inventory
Shared Surface Shared Groundwater
PART A THE ARABIAN PENINSULANA PART B MASHREK
Northern Zone
Jordan Basin Western Mountain Aquifer basin
Saq-Ram system (KSA-JOR)
(PAL-ISR)
Dead Sea Basin Sakaka-Rutba system (KSA-IRQ)
Coastal Aquifer Basin (PAL-ISR-EGY)
Umm er Radhuma-Dammam system – North
Orontes Basin Western Galilee Basin
Zone (KSA-IRQ-KUW)
(PAL-ISR-LEB)
Nahr El Kebir Hammad system (KSA-JOR-IRQ-SYR)
Jabal Al Arab
Euphrates Basin Southern Zone
Akkar-Hermel
Tigris Basin Wajid system (KSA-YEM)
Mount Hermon
Mahra (Tawila)-Cretaceaous Sands system
Shatt al Arab (KSA-YEM)
Anti-Lebanon
Kweik Basin Jezira Tertiary Limestone system
Umm er Radhuma-Dammam system – South
Zone (KSA-OMA-YEM) Jezira Lower Fars-Upper Fars system
Eastern Zone
Wasia-Biyadh (KSA-BAH-QAT)
Umm er Radhuma-Dammam system –
Central Zone (KSA-BAH-QAT)
AlHasa-AlDahira system (OMA-UAE)
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90. ESCWA – GTZ Cooperation
Main focus:
• Promoting cooperation and exchange of expertise and
experience in the water supply and sanitation sector
– Establishment and Strengthening of the
Arab Countries Water Utilities Association (ACWUA)
in 2008/2009, Secretariat in Amman/Jordan
– Support to the ACWUA Secretariat and Governing Bodies
(Board of Directors, General Assembly, development of
constitution)
– Advisory Services in the development of program and thematic
priorities, strategies and activities
– Support to ACWUA Working Groups
– Further Development of MDG Indicators (MDG+ process) in
cooperation with the Arab Ministers’ Council for Water (AMCW)
– Launching of Arab Water Week in December 2010
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91. What remains to be said.
Hope?
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92. Issues affecting the water sector
in the Middle East
• The region allocated significant investment in
developing water resources.
• The region supported advances in hydrological
engineering which allowed full utilization of
surface and ground water resources.
• The region gives more attention to engineering
than to water policy and demand management.
• The region urgently needs to strengthen water
institutions to manage water policies and water
management projects.
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93. Main Messages
• Water is everybody’s business.
• Goal for many countries:
National water strategy for water security, enough water
for all demands
• None of the countries in the region is today able to
sustain their water needs only from within their national
boundaries.
• All countries are already net water importers through
food imports – virtual water.
• Largest water consumer is agriculture, although rarely
economically viable nor socially necessary.
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94. Main Messages
• Urgent need to change water policies with regard water
consumption, treated waste water reuse.
• Many surface and groundwater resources are
transboundary, i.e. shared between neighbouring
counties.
• Effective und sustainable management of transboundary
water needs willingness to cooperate for a more
equitable sharing of the benefits from the common
resource.
• Without cooperation and regional and bilateral
agreements on water the region is likely to move towards
a mass suicide.
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