This document discusses the racialization of poverty in the United States. It argues that poverty must be understood as an outcome of structural racial inequities, rather than solely as an individual issue. Racialized policies have created a correlation between race and poverty by denying marginalized groups access to opportunities and wealth. The document advocates reframing poverty discourse to acknowledge its systemic causes and emphasize how poverty isolation harms entire communities. It calls for policies addressing both immediate needs and multigenerational poverty through a lens of shared opportunity.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - RACISM. Contains: racism definition, type of racism, racial discrimination, institutional racism, economic racism, symbolic racism, cultural racism, xenophobia, colour blindness, othering, prejudice against minority groups, anti racism movements, civil rights movements, Martin Luther King Jr, anti apartheid movement, Nelson Mandela.
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
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"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
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*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - RACISM. Contains: racism definition, type of racism, racial discrimination, institutional racism, economic racism, symbolic racism, cultural racism, xenophobia, colour blindness, othering, prejudice against minority groups, anti racism movements, civil rights movements, Martin Luther King Jr, anti apartheid movement, Nelson Mandela.
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Un structure of Human Rights and Gender EqualitySykat Mondal
Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Moreover, human rights are both inspirational and practical. Human rights principles hold up the vision of a free. Human rights also empower people with a framework for action when those minimum standards are not met, for people still have human rights even if the laws or those in power do not recognize or protect them. Because of this UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) was to set a standard of rights for all people everywhere. Women is also receiving there fictitious rights. All people have the same rights and all rights are equally important. The UDHR clearly says that girls and women and boys and men have the same rights.
Trafficking usually stands at the center of all activities relating to child abuse and exploitation. A need exists to introduce effective legal regime, enforcement and preventive mechanism.
Un structure of Human Rights and Gender EqualitySykat Mondal
Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Moreover, human rights are both inspirational and practical. Human rights principles hold up the vision of a free. Human rights also empower people with a framework for action when those minimum standards are not met, for people still have human rights even if the laws or those in power do not recognize or protect them. Because of this UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) was to set a standard of rights for all people everywhere. Women is also receiving there fictitious rights. All people have the same rights and all rights are equally important. The UDHR clearly says that girls and women and boys and men have the same rights.
Trafficking usually stands at the center of all activities relating to child abuse and exploitation. A need exists to introduce effective legal regime, enforcement and preventive mechanism.
Maquita Conner
October 16, 2015
Sociology 101
Exam # 2 Study Guide
A recap of two types of statuses: achieved and ascribed
· Achieved status-a social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts.
· Ascribed status-a social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person’s unique talents and characteristics.
Stratification
· Can be based on race, class, gender, or sexuality
Why do we have stratification? Functionalists maintain that a differential system of rewards and punishments is necessary for the efficient operation of society.
· According to Conflict Theorists competition for scarce resources results in significant political, economic, and social inequality.
Dominant Ideology-describes a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.
Know the differences between income and wealth
· Income-refers to salaries and wages
· Wealth-is an inclusive term encompassing all a person’s material assets, including land, stocks and other types of property.
Max Weber proposed that the working class must develop class consciousness True or False
Poverty
The percent of people in the United States living below the poverty line
A) 55
B) 31
C) 15
D) 5
Why are women experiencing higher rates of poverty? Conflict theorist trace higher rates of poverty among women to three distinct factors: the difficulty in finding affordable childcare, sexual harassment, and sex discrimination in the labor market.
Which of the following sociological perspectives believe that class is closely related to people’s life chances?
A) Functionalist
B) Feminist
C) Conflict
D) Symbolic Interactionist
Explanations for poverty
· Poverty can’t only be explained by a low minimum wage
· There’s the American dream “pull yourself up by your boot straps”
· Problem with the American dream-everyone is not given an equal playing field. Class, position, ascribed status, and race are factors that more or less determine your chances of success or lack there of
Social Mobility
· Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society’s stratification system to another.
Which are NOT types of social mobility?
A) Intergenerational mobility
B) Horizontal mobility
C) Vertical mobility
D) Intragenerational mobility
E) All are types of social mobility
More descriptions of poverty
· Unequal distribution of wealth and income
· Between 1973-2000, the top 5% of American families saw their share of income go up almost 30% while the bottom 40% saw their share drop 17%
· The way our system is set up is not an accident
What happened to trickle down? Reagan said if taxes were cut at the top, the wealth will trickle down. THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN; No real trickle down
Education
· Education plays a critical role in social mobility
A person born into a poor family but who graduates from college has a one in five chance of entering the top fifth of all income earners ...
The Kirwan Institute’s past year was marked by wide-ranging accomplishments which touched all three U.S. coastlines and many areas in between, with significant impact right here at The Ohio State University.
Homily: The Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity Sunday 2024.docxJames Knipper
Countless volumes have been written trying to explain the mystery of three persons in one true God, leaving us to resort to metaphors such as the three-leaf clover to try to comprehend the Divinity. Many of us grew up with the quintessential pyramidal Trinity structure of God at the top and Son and Spirit in opposite corners. But what if we looked at this ‘mystery’ from a different perspective? What if we shifted our language of God as a being towards the concept of God as love? What if we focused more on the relationship within the Trinity versus the persons of the Trinity? What if stopped looking at God as a noun…and instead considered God as a verb? Check it out…
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
Kenneth Grant - Against the Light-Holmes Pub Grou Llc (1999).pdf
The Racialization of Poverty
1. The Racialization of Poverty
john a. powell
Director, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity
Williams Chair in Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, Moritz College of
Law
American Humane and Annie E. Casey Foundation/
Casey Family Services Differential Response Pre-
conference Institute: Poverty Summit
Pittsburgh, PA
November 11, 2009
2. Today‟s conversation
The intersection of race, poverty, and place
Intergenerational poverty
Policy implications
2
4. A Broader Understanding of Poverty
Thinking about poverty in such a robust way means that
we must look at the sociopolitical, institutional, and
Visualizing Systems Theory that produce
spatial systems and structures
impoverished outcomes. Thinking:
The Newtonian Perspective: Systems
A D
A B C D E
C
Social phenomena may be B
understood by breaking down
the sum of the constituent parts. E
Causation is reciprocal, mutual,
and cumulative.
Poverty must also be understood as reflecting structural
26
disinvestment and marginalization on a global and a local
scale.
4
5. Multiple Dimensions of Poverty
We must look at multiple indicators
There‟s a difference between:
Childhood poverty --- adult poverty
Being poor and uneducated --- being poor and
educated
Different racial groups face unique constraints.
We must also consider the time dimension
Are poverty programs aimed at short-term poverty?
Can they address multigenerational poverty?
5
6. Framing Poverty
Poverty is a symptom of a broader disease -- the structural
arrangements that deny access to opportunity, wealth and
power for marginalized groups, while limiting opportunity for
the non-poor as well.
We must frame poverty as an outcome of a structural
deficiency.
It must be emphasized that this systemic denial to the levers
and pathways of opportunity is highly racialized.
Racialized structures and policies have created the
correlation of race and poverty.
6
7. Poverty and Race in the U.S.
Poverty and race – 2006
White (non-Hispanic): 17.9 million in poverty, 9.3% poverty rate
Black: 9.0 million in poverty, 25.3% poverty rate
Asian: 1.4 million in poverty, 10.7% poverty rate
Latino (all Latinos): 9.3 million in poverty, 21.5% poverty rate
7
8. Poverty is Spatialized & Racialized
Historically marginalized people of color and the very poor
have been spatially isolated from
economic, political, educational and technological power via:
Reservations Jim Crow
Appalachian mountains Ghettos
Barrios Culture of Incarceration
8
9. Neighborhood Effects
Are we accounting for neighborhood effects, or simply
looking at individual poverty?
Neighborhood effects are real.
Location matters when creating affordable housing
The subprime crisis had varying impacts by community
Our response should be targeted accordingly
9
10. Neighborhoods of Concentrated
Poverty
Nearly 1 out of 10 Blacks lived in a concentrated poverty
neighborhood in 1999, compared to 1 out of 100 Whites. 10
11. Childhood Poverty
Living in “concentrated disadvantage” reduces student IQ
by 4 points, roughly the equivalent to missing one year of
school
(Sampson 2007)
1
1
12. Race & Residence
Using data from 1980 census: “Racial differences in
poverty and family disruption are so strong that the
„worst‟ urban contexts in which whites reside are
considerably better than the average context of black
communities.”
In the 171 largest cities in the U.S. in 1980, there was
not even one city where whites live in ecological
equality to blacks in terms of poverty rates or rates of
single-parent households.
Sampson, Robert J. and William Julius Wilson. 1995. Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality.12
In Crime and Inequality, edited by John Hagan and Ruth Peterson. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
13. Residential Segregation & Disparities
A study of the effects of segregation on young African
American adults found that the elimination of segregation
would erase black-white differences in
Earnings
High School Graduation Rate
Unemployment
and reduce racial differences in single motherhood by
two-thirds.
13
Cutler, Glaeser & Vigdor, 1997; Williams presentation “Racism & Health: Understanding Multiple Pathways.”
14. Comparing Poor Whites & Poor Non-
whites
In 1960, African-American families in poverty were 3.8 times
more likely to be concentrated in high-poverty
neighborhoods than poor whites.
In 2000, they were 7.3 times more likely.
3 of 4 persons living in concentrated poverty are Black or
Latino -- even though more whites are poor.
Whites only make 30% of people living in high poverty
neighborhoods, although they represent 55% of the total
population living in poverty
Fact Sheet from the Opportunity Agenda, Housing Neighborhoods and Opportunity. 14
http://www.opportunityagenda.org/site/c.mwL5KkN0LvH/b.1433711/k.B7BA/Housing_Fact_Sheet.htm
15. School Poverty and Race
Ethnic and Racial Composition of Fifth-Grade Elementary
Schools by School Poverty Status
Data: ECLS-K Class of 1988 (N=9,796). Data are weighted to yield 15
Rumberger, Russell W. 2007. “Parsing the data population estimates.
on student achievement in high-poverty schools” North Carolina
16. Time in Poverty
Two-thirds of white families in poverty are poor for only
three year or less (intermittently), and only 2 % are
impoverished for more than 10 years.
17% of the impoverished Black population are poor for
ten or more years.
16
17. Poverty, Race, and Recession
According to EPI President Lawrence Mishel: Even
using conservative forecasts for future job loss, the
poverty rate for children could increase from an already
high 18% -- where it stood in 2007 -- to more than 27%
by next year.
Poverty among African American children, currently at a
staggering 34.5%, could reach 50% before the
employment picture starts to turn around.
17
18. Intergenerational Poverty & Wealth
Poverty is more than lack of income;
it‟s also lack of wealth.
Challenges to wealth accumulation for
non-whites include:
Redlining / lending discrimination /
predatory lending
Job discrimination / wage disparities
Unfulfilled promise of “40 acres and
a mule”
18 www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=r
ace_wealth_and_intergenerational_po
verty
19. Expanding our Understanding of
Poverty
Poverty can also be measured by
the capability to live the life one
can value and contribute to
society
Poverty is the deprivation of
basic capabilities, including
health and education
People in poverty cannot fully
exercise their freedoms
Amartya Sen, Development as
Freedom (1999) 19
20. Understanding Our Linked Fates
Racialized structures and policies have created the
correlation of race and poverty. People assume that only
people of color are harmed.
In reality, these effects are far reaching and impact
everyone – we share a linked fate
20
21. Adjusting the Poverty Lens
Re-define, re-think, and re-frame
Re-define: from an “income-to-needs” ratio to “Human
Development Index”
Re-think: unconscious vs. conscious racism
Our emotional responses to poverty determine our
willingness to help
Re-frame: from a “welfare and charity” approach to an
“opportunity for all” approach
21
22. Plan for Action - To Alleviate Poverty
Move discourse away from individualistic framing
Highlight poverty‟s structural causes
Frame poverty as the result of a structural deficiency
Focus on our shared connections:
Poverty and marginalization do not just harm the poor
Opportunity isolation harms the entire community
Emphasize the need for strategies that expand access to
opportunities
22
23. Other Solutions / Ideas
Seek solutions that
are both targeted and
universal
Analyze the role of
segregation and
space
Opportunity
mapping
23
24. Rethinking Structural Arrangements
Bringing people into structures that
formerly excluded them may not be
enough
Message is: individual is not properly
“negotiating” the ladder when the
ladder is too narrow or long …and
we‟re climbing alone
Insensitive, perhaps hostile structural
arrangements
Make structures work for
marginalized populations, thus
changing their relationship to
wealth and power
24
27. Infant Mortality by Mother’s Education
College educated Black women have higher infant mortality rates
than Whites who did not graduate from high school.
20
NH White Black Hispanic API AmI/AN
18
16 17.3
14 14.8
Infant Mortality
12 12.7 12.3
11.4
10
9.9
8
7.9
6 6.5
6 5.7 5.9 5.5
5.1 5.4 5.1 5.7
4 4.4 4
4.2
2
0
<12 12 13-15 16+
27
Years of Education
28. Awareness Test
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrqrkihlw-s
28