SITA UK is a recycling and waste management company that handles nearly 11 million tonnes of material annually, of which over 3 million tonnes are recycled and over 1 million tonnes are used for energy production. The company proposes to develop an energy from waste facility called Severnside, which would treat 400,000 tonnes per year of waste to produce 32 MW of electricity, enough to power 50,000 homes. The facility would be located for efficient transport of waste by road and rail, and near potential users of recovered energy. It would create 200 construction jobs and 50 long-term jobs. Energy from waste plays an essential role in a circular economy by recovering benefits from residual waste that cannot be reused or recycled.

1. The role of waste management
and energy from waste in a
circular economy-
SITA UK’s proposed Severnside development
Sept 2009
Stuart Hayward-Higham

2. SITA UK I 2 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
SITA UK
28/01/16 I
- SITA UK is a recycling and resource management
company
- We serve over 12 million customers, and
- Over 30,000 businesses.
- Handle nearly 11 million tonnes of material
- Of which in excess of 3 million tonnes are recycled
- Over 1 million tonnes is used for energy production
- We produce in excess of 1 million MWhrs of electricity
- Produce around 3% of all the green electricity in the UK
- Employ over 6000 employees across the country

3. SITA UK I 3 Copyright SITA UK Ltd28/01/16 I
SITA UK’s vision
We want to live
in a society where there
is no more waste
In the future there will be no more waste as
materials will be viewed as products or raw
materials

4. SITA UK I 4 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Large
/
small
Large
/
small
Large
/
small
What is waste management ?
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CUSTOMER
COLLECTION
WASTE
C&I
C&D
Mono
MSW
Mono
Mono
HW
C&I
RECYCLING TREATMENT
WASTE
STREAM
MANAGEMENT
TRADING IN
PRODUCTS
AND ENERGY
QUALITYSELECTIVITY
Creating
value
Secondary
Resources
Market
Secondary
Resources
Market
CLIENTS
Industrial
Commercial
HW
Med
C & D, Soil
Reducing
Costs
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
SWITCHBOARD
Local
Authorities
TRADING
SEPARATION

5. SITA UK I 5 Copyright SITA UK Ltd01/06/2009 I
A plethora of potential solutions

6. SITA UK I 6 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
What is a circular economy

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Solution preferences
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Why change the existing solutions ?
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- Capacity
- Existing landfill capacity is reducing and replacements are
insufficient.
- Cost
- Landfill tax, transport costs ( as existing landfill solutions become
more scarce ), carbon etc all raise the cost of existing solutions
and drive waste into the minimisation, recycling and recovery
solutions
- Sustainability
- There are better ways of treating most waste than by landfill,
however the replacement capacity is needed in a time period and
scale to ensure that those who need waste management services
are viably service options.

9. SITA UK I 9 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Prevention, minimisation & re-use
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- Prevention
- best of all and completely customer driven and controlled
- Minimisation
- Through education, buying patterns and efficient use. Very
customer driven but advice available.
- Re-Use
- Encouraged through bring back or re sale – again customer driven
but advice and end markets are available.

10. SITA UK I 10 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Role of recycling
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Recycling
one tonne
of …
Saves ……. And compared with
manufacture from raw
materials, avoids emissions of…
Newsprint The felling of 12 trees 1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Office paper The felling of 24 trees 1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Aluminium 5 tonnes of bauxite 5 – 12 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Steel 1.5 tonnes of iron ore 1.0 – 1.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Copper 10 t of copper ore 13 – 20 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Glass 1.2 t of raw materials 0.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Plastics 2,000 kg of oil 1.7 – 4.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Biowaste as
compost
200 kilogrammes of
peat

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Recycling
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- Collection
- Separate at source is best, separate later is possible.
- Sorting
- From simple magnets and consolidation though to complex
sorting, separation and refinement
- End market
- Sent to reprocessors to be made into new cans, bottles etc

12. SITA UK I 12 Copyright SITA UK LtdSept 09
0%
80%
20%
60%
Paper
Glass
Aluminium
Plastics and Iron
Energysavedwhenproducts
aremadefromrecycledmaterials
40%
100%
Recycling’s contribution to sustainability

13. SITA UK I 13 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
But……
28/01/16 I
- Not all waste can be avoided or recycled which leaves us
with extracting energy or landfill.
- Our preference is to extract the energy.
- To produce electricity, gas or heat and use it in the most
efficient manner.
- Location of plants is essential to marry with the markets or
waste arising and potential energy and heat users.
- We recover some of the energy from the organic landfill
wastes but not as efficiently nor as completely than by
energy from waste.

14. SITA UK I 14 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Energy from Waste ?
28/01/16 I
- Why make energy ?
- With the potential national
supply issues over the next 20
years and instability in
international markets, the
recovery of energy from waste
has the opportunity to make a
significant contribution to
national need.
- Recovering energy from waste is
a sustainable solution for the
treatment of the residual fraction
of the waste left over after
recycling/composting/pre-
treatment.
From Oakdene Hollins report 2005

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Energy from Waste methods
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- Combustion to create steam and then
electricity.
- Gasification/pyrolysis (Gasification is
proposed by the Cyclamax
development) which converts the
waste to a gas and then combusts the
gas to make electricity.
- Anaerobic digestion – biological
conversion of the organic fraction of
waste to a methane gas and then
combustion to make electricity or the
gas (after clean up) for vehicle fuel .

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What does an EfW (incinerator) look like inside?
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Inside – Moving grate combustion zone
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Outside look
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Small
Large

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Severnside Proposal
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- 400ktpa facility
- From a market in excess of 1.1M tonnes per annum (tpa)
- Energy
- Sufficient for around 50,000 homes
- 32 MW of electrical output
- Location
- Good location for treating local waste
- Delivery possible through road and rail
- Near potential users of the heat from the plant
- Community
- 200 jobs through the construction phase
- 50 jobs in the plant

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Site location
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Location efficiency & Local embedment
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- Transport – good road and rail access
- Local waste – helping divert some local waste from landfill to
more productive use
- Local energy – using local fuel ( i.e. local waste) to make
energy locally
- Local benefit – managing local waste with local facilities and
employment

22. SITA UK I 22 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
What role does EFW have in a circular economy ?
28/01/16 I
An essential one because
not all waste can be re-used or recycled
It’s an essential way of recovering the
remaining embedded benefits of residual
waste

23. SITA UK I 23 Copyright SITA UK Ltd28/01/16 I
Thank you
• Stuart Hayward-Higham
• Technical Director
• SITA UK Ltd
• Stuart.hayward-higham@sita.co.uk
• +44 7970 233747