This document summarizes Jean Feyder's speech on the food crisis in least developed countries and proposes a new development strategy. It notes that since the 1960s, LDCs have gone from a $7 billion food trade surplus to likely paying 100% more for food imports in 2008 due to trade liberalization policies. Case studies of Haiti, Ghana, and rice production show how reduced tariffs devastated local agriculture. A new strategy is proposed that supports small-scale farming, increases aid for agriculture, regulates markets, and allows policy space for developing countries.
Regional Agricultural Policy:What Lessons for Africa’s CAADP from Europe’s C...Stephanie van der Walt
In 2003, the Assembly of the African Union (AU) adopted the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) aimed at kick-starting agricultural-sector growth in all member states. While coordination takes place at the pan-African level, CAADP’s implementation is driven by parallel regional and national processes that essentially subject the Programme’s aims to pre-existing institutional and regulatory frameworks within these jurisdictions -- an approach which has historically contributed to the slow rate of integration on the continent.
In the wake of the Second World War, the founding members of the European Community (EC) responded to low agricultural outputs and widespread hunger, as faced in Africa today, by incorporating the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) into the EC’s treaty framework from the very onset.
While the CAP’s original function (i.e. to facilitate government-subsidised production) is quite different from that of CAADP (i.e. to promote agricultural investment, policy coherence and increased regional trade) its stated outcomes, namely food security, improved agricultural productivity and competitive rural incomes, are quite closely aligned. This presentation provides an overview of food insecurity in Africa currently and how the enforceablility of regional strategies have contributed to alleviating problems of production and trade barriers, with an emphasis on the European experience.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
Regional Agricultural Policy:What Lessons for Africa’s CAADP from Europe’s C...Stephanie van der Walt
In 2003, the Assembly of the African Union (AU) adopted the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) aimed at kick-starting agricultural-sector growth in all member states. While coordination takes place at the pan-African level, CAADP’s implementation is driven by parallel regional and national processes that essentially subject the Programme’s aims to pre-existing institutional and regulatory frameworks within these jurisdictions -- an approach which has historically contributed to the slow rate of integration on the continent.
In the wake of the Second World War, the founding members of the European Community (EC) responded to low agricultural outputs and widespread hunger, as faced in Africa today, by incorporating the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) into the EC’s treaty framework from the very onset.
While the CAP’s original function (i.e. to facilitate government-subsidised production) is quite different from that of CAADP (i.e. to promote agricultural investment, policy coherence and increased regional trade) its stated outcomes, namely food security, improved agricultural productivity and competitive rural incomes, are quite closely aligned. This presentation provides an overview of food insecurity in Africa currently and how the enforceablility of regional strategies have contributed to alleviating problems of production and trade barriers, with an emphasis on the European experience.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.60 on “The future of food and agricultural transformation” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and CONCORD was held on Wednesday 26 February 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing presented trends and discussed the sustainable and healthy food systems, the future of work in agriculture and the need for new skills in very complex food chains, the effects of disruptive innovations, fair and inclusive value chains and trade.
The audience was made up of ACP-EU policy-makers and representatives of the EU Member States, civil society groups, research networks and development practitioners, the private sector and international organisations based in Brussels as well as representatives from ACP regional organisations.
Presentation by Lídia Cabral (Institute of Development Studies) at the China and Brazil in African Agriculture event, London, June 2015
http://www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/8037-china-and-brazil-in-african-agriculture-co-operation-or-culture-clash
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
Presentation by Kojo Amanor (University of Ghana) at the China & Brazil in African Agriculture event in London, June 2015.
See http://www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/8037-china-and-brazil-in-african-agriculture-co-operation-or-culture-clash
Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
On 27 January 2017, Dr. Nicholas Minot, Deputy Division Director of IFPRI’s Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division led a seminar at IFPRI-Malawi on, “Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for Malawi.” His presentation explored the objectives and tradeoffs of creating public grain reserves and various policy options that affect their performance and cost.
This is a lecture I delivered at Mysore University Academic Staff College. The lecture takes into account the entire experience on agricultural policy of mine.References are purposefully not given as the readers can gwt to me.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This presentation shows the characteristics of Contract Farming in Nepal. This includes Nepalese agriculture policy, Land Use Pattern and Productivity and a success story in Vegetable Seed.
Presentation given by Liberian Minister of Commerce, the Honourable Axel M. Addy, during the Dutch trade mission to Liberia on July 6, 2015. Shared with permission from the Minister.
Presentation given at regional dialogue on the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, Addis Ababa, June 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/pastoralism/7984-pastoralism-in-ethiopia-new-briefings-and-paper
This chapter is intended to ensure that students understand why agricultural policies are needed in both developing and developed countries. It will also shed light on the major forces that cause policy change, reasons for government involvement in agriculture and the place of agricultural policies in the future.
Duke University researcher Lukas Brun presented 10 major agricultural innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa to the Joint Leadership Network for African Agriculture - a collaborative project with the Rockefeller Foundation and Oxfam America. The presentation was conducted on February 15, 2015.
Row Covers & Kaolin Clay as Insect Barriers & Pest Control, a Massachusetts Gardening Guidebook & Manual for Starting a Multi-Farm Community Supported Agriculture Farm in any Country ~ World Peas Marketing Improvement Project, New Entry Sustainable Farming Project, Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Ambassadors are gold to your company. How do you turn employees into ambassadorship of your company? How do you fully embrace the future and its technologies? A @Bolero_be case. Need some extra info? Just send me a mail ( check final slide ;) )
Presentation by Lídia Cabral (Institute of Development Studies) at the China and Brazil in African Agriculture event, London, June 2015
http://www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/8037-china-and-brazil-in-african-agriculture-co-operation-or-culture-clash
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
Presentation by Kojo Amanor (University of Ghana) at the China & Brazil in African Agriculture event in London, June 2015.
See http://www.future-agricultures.org/research/cbaa/8037-china-and-brazil-in-african-agriculture-co-operation-or-culture-clash
Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
On 27 January 2017, Dr. Nicholas Minot, Deputy Division Director of IFPRI’s Markets, Trade, and Institutions Division led a seminar at IFPRI-Malawi on, “Public grain reserves: International experience and lessons for Malawi.” His presentation explored the objectives and tradeoffs of creating public grain reserves and various policy options that affect their performance and cost.
This is a lecture I delivered at Mysore University Academic Staff College. The lecture takes into account the entire experience on agricultural policy of mine.References are purposefully not given as the readers can gwt to me.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This presentation shows the characteristics of Contract Farming in Nepal. This includes Nepalese agriculture policy, Land Use Pattern and Productivity and a success story in Vegetable Seed.
Presentation given by Liberian Minister of Commerce, the Honourable Axel M. Addy, during the Dutch trade mission to Liberia on July 6, 2015. Shared with permission from the Minister.
Presentation given at regional dialogue on the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, Addis Ababa, June 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/pastoralism/7984-pastoralism-in-ethiopia-new-briefings-and-paper
This chapter is intended to ensure that students understand why agricultural policies are needed in both developing and developed countries. It will also shed light on the major forces that cause policy change, reasons for government involvement in agriculture and the place of agricultural policies in the future.
Duke University researcher Lukas Brun presented 10 major agricultural innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa to the Joint Leadership Network for African Agriculture - a collaborative project with the Rockefeller Foundation and Oxfam America. The presentation was conducted on February 15, 2015.
Row Covers & Kaolin Clay as Insect Barriers & Pest Control, a Massachusetts Gardening Guidebook & Manual for Starting a Multi-Farm Community Supported Agriculture Farm in any Country ~ World Peas Marketing Improvement Project, New Entry Sustainable Farming Project, Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Ambassadors are gold to your company. How do you turn employees into ambassadorship of your company? How do you fully embrace the future and its technologies? A @Bolero_be case. Need some extra info? Just send me a mail ( check final slide ;) )
Social seeder ambassadorship marketing marker's mark caseSpeakersbase.com
Marker's Mark didn’t see an ambassador as an add-on to the marketing strategy, they saw the ambassador as the starting point.
Maker’s Mark solely relies on the power of word-of-mouth and when you give more than you ask, people will always talk about you in a positive way. Even people who never have purchased a Maker’s Mark bourbon before, are becoming ambassadors.
December 17th 2015, Patrick was asked as keynote speaker at the Social Media Summit 2015 in Brussels. Patrick (CEO at Social Seeder) talked about the importance of ambassadorship for brands in the 21st century and how to implement this into your organization. For more info about ambassadorship, employee advocacy and Social Seeder, visit www.socialseeder.com
Your guide to using Analytics on SlideShare.
Analytics provides you with helpful insights that allow you to get to know who’s checking out your presentations, learn which sites are giving you the added boost, and measure and analyze engagement. You can find out who’s viewing your SlideShares, how they found your content — even where they’re located in the world.
Economic resilience for local food - Steve DuffLocal Food
How does a local food system create economic value both for its consumers and its producers? How does a shifting global trade environment affect our local food systems? Join this presentation and discussion with OMAFRA’s senior economist.
Presentation by Stefan Tangermann (University of Gottingen, Germany) at Policy Seminar on "A Post-Bali Food Security Agenda," May 6, 2104 in Washington, DC.
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Sabrina Espeleta of War on Want outlines the enormous and growing level of world hunger. She explains how a few global corporations control the vast majority of food production and supply and markets exploit the food market, leaving communities, especially in the Global South at great disadvantage. Local peasant farmers are now organising to achieve food sovereignty, seeking to farm in ways in harmony with nature and to meet local needs. The Global North needs to respect the rights and autonomy of these people rather than to continue the pattern of exploitation.
This presentation was given on 6 July in Part 4 of a webinar series on grassroots policies for farming, food and wildlife.
Watch the recording at: https://citizen-network.org
Presentation delivered by IFPRI Director General Shenggen Fan on April 23, 2012 for the launch of the 2011 Global Food Policy Report at IFPRI's Headquarters in Washington, DC.
GLOBILISATION OF AGRICULTURE AND WTO.pptxshivalika6
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Janet Dwyer's presentation to the Land Economy Department at the University of Cambridge, discussing the implications for the agriculture sector since #Brexit.
Presentation given by Jonathan Baker at the CCRI - concerning his Nuffield Farming Scholarship. Investigating rural policies in Non-EU countries. Switzerland, South Korea, Japan, New Zealand & Norway
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The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
20080731 session 2 towards a new development strategy - jean feyder
1. CSEND Conference
WTO Rules and Food Crisis in
the Least-developed Countries
Towards a new development strategy
by Jean Feyder, Ambassador,
Permanent Representative of Luxembourg
Geneva, 17 July 2008
2. • Early 1960s: Developing countries,
including LDCs, have 7 billion $US food-
trade surplus
• Early 1980s: This surplus has disappeared
• 2008: LDCs are likely to pay 100% more
than in 2000 for food imports
• Africa imports 25 billion $US worth of food
• What are the reasons for this change?
• How to change this?
2
3. The case of rice production in Haïti
• Early 80s: Haïti is self-sufficient in rice
production
• 1980s: Introduction of two structural
adjustment programmes by World Bank
and International Monetary Fund
• In this context: rice tariff reduced from
50% to 3%
3
4. Haïti
• Result: subsidised rice imports increased
from 15,000 tonnes to 350,000 tonnes
between 1980 and 2004
• Local production: decreased from 124,000
tonnes to 73,000 tonnes between 1981
and 2002
• Government spends some 80% of export
earnings for food imports
• High rural exodus continues
4
5. Haïti
• 2008: Increase of rice price by 40%
• 1 February 2008: Journal « Le Temps »:
« Des Haïtiens en sont reduits à manger
de la boue « (Haitians are reduced to
eating mud)
5
6. The case of rice production in
Ghana
• 1970s: Some 800,000 rice producers ensure all
rice consumed by Ghanaians.
• 1980s: Trade liberalisation policies introduced
by WB and IMF
• Result: tariff for rice reduced to 20%
• All State’s policies in support of agriculture
deleted (price support, fertilizer subsidies,
marketing boards…)
• Consequences: Today Ghana imports some
70% of all rice consumed, some of it heavily
subsidised (34%)
6
7. Ghana
• 2003: Ghana Government submits a new law to
Parliament to raise rice tariffs from 20% to 25%.
Parliament adopts that Bill
• Under IMF’s advice, Government stops implementation
of this law, although consolidated rate for rice is at 99%
• NGO FIAN study: right to food of Ghana rice producers
violated
• Similar trade developments for imports of chicken and
tomato concentrate
• 2008: Ghana’s Government has to pay some 400 million
dollars for food imports
7
8. One major reason for the food
crisis
• A development model introduced by Bretton
Woods institutions, aiming at:
- liberalising the economies
- lowering tariff rates, deleting policies in
support of agriculture
- priority to be given to cash crops
- free market unable to replace
• In addition, ODA for agriculture fell from 13% to
3,4% -from 2.63 to 1.90 billion $US - between
1980s and 2004
8
9. New development strategy
A: Developing countries
• Set new priority for agriculture - staple food
production - in development strategies
• Consult civil society and farmers’ associations
• Ensure minimum national investment for
agriculture (AU Maputo Summit recommends
10%)
• Implement common agricultural policies on
regional level (UEMOA, ECOWAS)
• Facilitate access to inputs, credit, knowledge
and information
9
10. • Promote land reform, infrastructure
development
• Develop stocks, irrigation, research
• Due to environmental and climate change
constraints, focus on sustainable, small-
scale family farming (see IAASTD Expert
Meeting conclusions)
• Develop capacities
10
12. C: Trade policies
• Need to face price volatility
• Present price increase follows 40%
decrease for staple food between 1996
and 2004 and 60% price decrease for
cash crop products in the last 20 years
• Need for adequate market regulation
ensuring profitable prices (prix
rémunérateurs) so that the producer is at
least covering production cost
12
13. • Such a market regulation also needs to cope
with huge productivity gap between
industrialised and emerging countries, on one
hand, developing countries including LDCs on
the other
• This gap has been 1:10 a century ago, it is today
1:1000
• This means that, while a peasant in the south
produces 1 tonne of cereals, a farmer in the
north or in emerging countries, produces 1000
tonnes
13
14. • Existing and new trade rules have to be adapted
accordingly
• Effective elimination of all trade-distorting practices
• Developing countries and LDCs in particular, to be given
policy space or sovereignty in order to fully use tariff
flexibility between applied and consolidated rates
• Revise trade policies of the structural adjustment
programmes
• Free trade agreements to be based on special and
differential treatment
• Most industrialised countries and Asian countries
(Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China,…) developed their
agriculture on the basis of market protection
14
15. Competition rules
• Given the oligopolistic market structure in
food trade, need to strengthen competition
rules
Policy coherence
• Improve cooperation between all
concerned UN organisations (FAO, IFAD,
WFP, UNCTAD, …) and between UN and
Bretton Woods organisations
15
16. Concluding remarks
• Not all LDCs are in the same boat (Cape
Verde is not Malawi)
• Need to differentiate, there is no « one
size fits all » model
• Before the world food crisis, already 850
million people suffered from hunger and
malnutrition
• 3/4 of these people are living in rural
areas.
16
17. • New development strategy to serve
several purposes
- fight poverty
- promote respect for the right to food
- enhance food self-sufficiency
17
18. Note: This publication has been made available by CSEND with the agrement of the author.
The Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development (CSEND) aims at
promoting equitable, sustainable and integrated development through dialogue and
institutional learning.
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Diplomacy Dialogue is a branch of the Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development
(CSEND), a non-profit R&D organization based in Geneva, Switzerland since 1993.
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