2 Sterilization_and_Disinfection.ppt
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•5 views
Sterilization involves removing all microorganisms including bacteria, spores, fungi, parasites and viruses. It can be achieved through physical methods like heat, radiation, and filtration or chemical methods. Heat sterilization involves dry heat using an oven or hot air, or moist heat using steam or boiling. Moist heat above 100°C in an autoclave is the most effective at sterilizing. Filtration removes microbes from fluids using small pore filters. Chemical disinfection reduces microorganisms using agents like phenols, alcohols and dyes but does not destroy all microbes like spores.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
11-Sterilization_and_Disinfection (3).ppt
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. Sterilization aims to remove all microorganisms through physical or chemical means. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat methods like flaming or hot air ovens, or moist heat methods like autoclaving, boiling, or steaming. Chemical sterilization uses disinfectants like phenols, alcohols, or dyes to kill microbes. Disinfection aims to reduce microbe numbers and cannot kill all organisms like bacterial spores or some viruses. The effectiveness of disinfection depends on factors like the method used, concentration, microbe type, exposure time and temperature.
STERILIZATION
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It describes physical sterilization methods like heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat using an oven or moist heat through boiling or autoclaving. Chemical disinfection methods are also outlined, including phenol, alcohols, dyes, and surface active agents. The factors that influence the effectiveness of disinfection are described.
Sterilization by manoj
The document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines sterilization as the process of destroying all living microorganisms, including bacterial spores, while disinfection refers to reducing microorganisms to a safe level. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods utilize alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. The ideal disinfectant is broad-spectrum, works in various conditions, and is non-toxic. Proper concentration, time, and temperature are important for effective sterilization and disinfection.
Sterilization and disinfection
The document discusses various terms related to sterilization and disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, antiseptics, asepsis, and decontamination. It describes different methods of sterilization including physical methods like heat, radiation, filtration and drying as well as chemical methods using agents like alcohol, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and phenols. Heat sterilization methods like moist and dry heat are explained in detail, noting the factors that influence sterilization and the appropriate temperatures and times required.
Sterilization (physical methods)
Dr. Swapnaneel Pradhan's document discusses sterilization and related terms. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms from an object through physical or chemical processes. It distinguishes sterilization from disinfection and asepsis. Various sterilization methods are described, including heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and chemicals. Moist heat sterilization using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes is commonly used. Proper loading and cycle parameters are important for effective sterilization.
Sterilization (physical methods)
A brief description of the various physical methods of sterilisation of materials used in health care field.
Sterillization moistheat and dery heat
This document discusses sterilization techniques in microbiology. It defines sterilization as making a substance free from all microorganisms, both in their vegetative and spore-forming states. It then describes various physical methods like heat, filtration, and radiation as well as chemical methods used for sterilization. Specifically, it outlines moist heat sterilization using autoclaving and dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens. It also discusses the use of disinfectants, antiseptics, and germicides for chemical sterilization.
4 STERILIZATION & DIS. ಇಂದ ಗೌತಮ್ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ
Sterilization and disinfectant are the main role in hospitals to keep clean .it is the process of remove the microorganisms from the objects
Recommended
11-Sterilization_and_Disinfection (3).ppt
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. Sterilization aims to remove all microorganisms through physical or chemical means. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat methods like flaming or hot air ovens, or moist heat methods like autoclaving, boiling, or steaming. Chemical sterilization uses disinfectants like phenols, alcohols, or dyes to kill microbes. Disinfection aims to reduce microbe numbers and cannot kill all organisms like bacterial spores or some viruses. The effectiveness of disinfection depends on factors like the method used, concentration, microbe type, exposure time and temperature.
STERILIZATION
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It describes physical sterilization methods like heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat using an oven or moist heat through boiling or autoclaving. Chemical disinfection methods are also outlined, including phenol, alcohols, dyes, and surface active agents. The factors that influence the effectiveness of disinfection are described.
Sterilization by manoj
The document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines sterilization as the process of destroying all living microorganisms, including bacterial spores, while disinfection refers to reducing microorganisms to a safe level. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods utilize alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. The ideal disinfectant is broad-spectrum, works in various conditions, and is non-toxic. Proper concentration, time, and temperature are important for effective sterilization and disinfection.
Sterilization and disinfection
The document discusses various terms related to sterilization and disinfection including sterilization, disinfection, antiseptics, asepsis, and decontamination. It describes different methods of sterilization including physical methods like heat, radiation, filtration and drying as well as chemical methods using agents like alcohol, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, and phenols. Heat sterilization methods like moist and dry heat are explained in detail, noting the factors that influence sterilization and the appropriate temperatures and times required.
Sterilization (physical methods)
Dr. Swapnaneel Pradhan's document discusses sterilization and related terms. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms from an object through physical or chemical processes. It distinguishes sterilization from disinfection and asepsis. Various sterilization methods are described, including heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and chemicals. Moist heat sterilization using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes is commonly used. Proper loading and cycle parameters are important for effective sterilization.
Sterilization (physical methods)
A brief description of the various physical methods of sterilisation of materials used in health care field.
Sterillization moistheat and dery heat
This document discusses sterilization techniques in microbiology. It defines sterilization as making a substance free from all microorganisms, both in their vegetative and spore-forming states. It then describes various physical methods like heat, filtration, and radiation as well as chemical methods used for sterilization. Specifically, it outlines moist heat sterilization using autoclaving and dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens. It also discusses the use of disinfectants, antiseptics, and germicides for chemical sterilization.
4 STERILIZATION & DIS. ಇಂದ ಗೌತಮ್ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ
Sterilization and disinfectant are the main role in hospitals to keep clean .it is the process of remove the microorganisms from the objects
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
what is sterilization & disinfectant& decontamination
risk of infection from equipment
process of sterilization, filtration
classification of disinfectant
alcohol,phenol,hydrogen peroxide
STERILIZATION.pptx
This document discusses the history and methods of sterilization. It begins by describing the contributions of Ignatz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister in introducing antisepsis through hand washing and wound treatment. It then defines various sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis terms. The remainder of the document details various physical and chemical sterilization methods such as heat, radiation, filtration and their mechanisms and appropriate uses.
Decontamination, Disinfection and sterilisation
This document discusses various methods for decontamination, sterilization, and disinfection important for laboratory biosafety. It defines key terms like sterilization, which aims to eliminate all microbial life, versus disinfection, which aims to eliminate pathogens but not bacterial spores. Various physical methods for sterilization are covered, including heat/thermal methods like autoclaving, radiation methods, and filtration. Specific sterilization techniques using heat, chemicals, and gases are then described in more detail. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate sterilization or disinfection method based on the level and type of contamination present.
Sterilization and disinfection
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as making something free of microorganisms, while disinfection removes or destroys pathogens. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods use alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. Proper sterilization is important in surgery and other medical fields to prevent infection. The history of infection control involved early advances like Lister introducing antiseptic techniques. Common pathogens in medical settings are also listed.
Control of Microbial Growth
Control of Microbial GrowthNational Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
This document discusses various methods for controlling microbial growth, including sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and sanitization. It describes several sterilization methods such as heating, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. Moist heat sterilization methods like autoclaving use pressurized steam to kill microbes. Dry heat sterilization uses high temperatures. Pasteurization uses mild heating to reduce pathogens without sterilizing. Filtration and low temperatures can also control microbes. Chemical disinfectants include phenols, chlorine, iodine, alcohols, and soaps. Physical factors like exposure time and number of microbes impact effectiveness of these sterilization and disSterilization and disinfection
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilization kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens excluding spores. Dry heat sterilizes through protein denaturation and moisture damage, while moist heat is more effective through coagulation and protein denaturation. Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes is the most effective sterilization method. Membrane filtration below 0.45 μm is used to remove microbes from heat-labile liquids. Disinfectants like alcohol, aldehydes, phenol, hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide and halogens are used to disinfect surfaces, with alcohols and aldehydes being
Sterilization Methods - Physical Methods.pdf
This document discusses various physical sterilization methods including heat, radiation, filtration, and sunlight. Heat-based methods involve dry heat using ovens or flaming, and moist heat using autoclaving, boiling, or tyndalization. Radiation methods use ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation like x-rays. Filtration removes microbes using membrane filters or HEPA filters. Each method aims to eliminate all microbial life through mechanisms like oxidation, coagulation of proteins, or removal of particles above a certain size.
infection control and sterlization, nethod of sterilization.
This document discusses infection control and sterilization. It defines infection, outlines common infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and fungi. It emphasizes preventing infection through sterilization and disinfection to eliminate pathogens and interrupt transmission. It then details various sterilization methods like heat, chemicals, radiation and their mechanisms and appropriate uses. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of infection control and sterilization techniques.
Sterilisation & Disinfection
This document defines sterilization and disinfection, and discusses various physical and chemical agents used for these processes. It notes that sterilization aims to remove all microorganisms, while disinfection targets pathogenic organisms. Common physical agents for sterilization include heat, radiation, filtration and ultrasound. Chemical agents discussed include alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, phenols and gases. Proper sterilization requires consideration of multiple factors to effectively kill microbes.
Sterilization and disinfection final
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It begins by describing how early civilizations preserved food using methods like drying and pickling to control microbial growth. In the mid-1800s, Semmelweis and Lister helped develop aseptic techniques to prevent surgical wound infections. The document then defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization. It describes various physical methods of sterilization and disinfection like heat, filtration, and radiation. It provides details on specific heat-based methods like autoclaving, pasteurization, and tyndallization. The document also discusses chemical disinfectants and antiseptics like phenols, iodine, and chlor
Sterlization
Sterilization kills all microbes including spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens but not necessarily all spores. Sterilization methods include heat (dry heat, moist heat like autoclaving), radiation, filtration, gases (ethylene oxide), and plasma. Autoclaving at 121°C for 20 minutes is the most effective sterilization method. Other methods like dry heat, boiling, filtration and chemicals are used for heat-sensitive items or liquids. Proper monitoring of the sterilization process is important to ensure complete sterilization.
Sterlization and asepsis
This document discusses sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes different sterilization methods like heat, filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide, and chemical methods. It discusses the importance of pre-sterilization cleaning and outlines different stages of sterilization - cleaning, sterilization process, and aseptic storage. It also discusses classifications of instruments based on infection risk and the importance of maintaining an antiseptic environment in the operating theatre.
Control of microorganisms unit 2
Control of microorganisms is essential to prevent disease transmission and spoilage. Microorganisms are controlled through chemical and physical methods. Physical methods include heat, filtration, dessication, and radiation which can kill microbes. Chemical methods use disinfectants, antiseptics, and other antimicrobial agents like alcohols, phenols, iodophors, and heavy metals to control microbes. Proper application of these chemical and physical methods based on characteristics of the microbes and environment is needed for effective microbial control.
Sterilization and infection control
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
Disinfection ppt.pptx
This document discusses the history and methods of disinfection. It begins with key figures in the development of disinfection practices like Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Ignaz Semmelweis. It then covers various classifications of items based on disinfection needs, factors affecting disinfection effectiveness, ideal properties of disinfectants, and common sites of action. The document concludes by describing several physical (e.g. cleaning, heat) and chemical (e.g. phenols, alcohols, halogens) methods used for disinfection.
sterilization disinfection.pdf
The document discusses various methods for sterilization and disinfection. It begins by explaining that most medical devices are heat sterilized using steam, but some materials like plastics require low-temperature sterilization. It then describes several physical methods like heat, radiation, and filtration. It also outlines some common chemical disinfecting agents like alcohol, aldehydes, phenols, halogens, and dyes. The document provides details on sterilization techniques like autoclaving and their mechanisms of action.
sterlization_asepsis.ppt
The document discusses various methods of sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes the Spaulding classification system for categorizing medical instruments based on infection risk. Various sterilization methods are covered in detail, including heat sterilization methods like moist heat using autoclaves and dry heat using hot air ovens. Other methods discussed include filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide sterilization, and chemical disinfectants. Proper pre-sterilization cleaning and sterility maintenance are also emphasized.
sterilization and its impact on dentistry.pptx
This document provides an overview of sterilization and infection control terminology, history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. It outlines various physical and chemical sterilization methods including heat, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. It describes Spaulding's classification of critical, semi-critical, and non-critical items. It also summarizes CDC guidelines for sterilization and levels of disinfection. Major advances in the history and development of sterilization techniques are highlighted.
Sterilization process
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
STERILIZATION
A detailed PowerPoint presentation on sterilization and it's history.
Along with various and advanced methods used in different healthcare setups.
Different agents used for disinfection and over all infection control methods to be used in day to day practise in a hospital or clinic setup.
1. CODE BLUE MANAGEMNET.pptx
This document provides information and guidelines for managing a Code Blue situation. It defines a Code Blue as indicating a patient requiring resuscitation or immediate medical attention due to respiratory or cardiac arrest. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Code Blue team, which includes medical staff from cardiology, anesthesia, nursing and respiratory therapy. It also describes the steps to take during a Code Blue, including activating the emergency, performing CPR, assessing the patient's condition, and treating any life-threatening arrhythmias according to ACLS protocols. Post-resuscitation care and documentation are also addressed.
1. POLICY ON GRIEVANCE & DICIPLINARY PROCEDURE.pptx
This document discusses employee discipline and grievance procedures. It defines discipline as a process of training employees to develop self-control and become more efficient. Positive discipline focuses on self-discipline through rewards, while negative discipline enforces rules through penalties. Grievances are formal disputes between employees and management that must be addressed according to grievance procedures. These typically involve multiple steps moving up the management chain. The document also covers types of employee separation including voluntary resignations and retirements, as well as involuntary terminations like dismissal, layoffs, and retrenchment.
More Related Content
Similar to 2 Sterilization_and_Disinfection.ppt
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
what is sterilization & disinfectant& decontamination
risk of infection from equipment
process of sterilization, filtration
classification of disinfectant
alcohol,phenol,hydrogen peroxide
STERILIZATION.pptx
This document discusses the history and methods of sterilization. It begins by describing the contributions of Ignatz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister in introducing antisepsis through hand washing and wound treatment. It then defines various sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis terms. The remainder of the document details various physical and chemical sterilization methods such as heat, radiation, filtration and their mechanisms and appropriate uses.
Decontamination, Disinfection and sterilisation
This document discusses various methods for decontamination, sterilization, and disinfection important for laboratory biosafety. It defines key terms like sterilization, which aims to eliminate all microbial life, versus disinfection, which aims to eliminate pathogens but not bacterial spores. Various physical methods for sterilization are covered, including heat/thermal methods like autoclaving, radiation methods, and filtration. Specific sterilization techniques using heat, chemicals, and gases are then described in more detail. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate sterilization or disinfection method based on the level and type of contamination present.
Sterilization and disinfection
This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as making something free of microorganisms, while disinfection removes or destroys pathogens. Physical sterilization methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods use alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. Proper sterilization is important in surgery and other medical fields to prevent infection. The history of infection control involved early advances like Lister introducing antiseptic techniques. Common pathogens in medical settings are also listed.
Control of Microbial Growth
Control of Microbial GrowthNational Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
This document discusses various methods for controlling microbial growth, including sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and sanitization. It describes several sterilization methods such as heating, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. Moist heat sterilization methods like autoclaving use pressurized steam to kill microbes. Dry heat sterilization uses high temperatures. Pasteurization uses mild heating to reduce pathogens without sterilizing. Filtration and low temperatures can also control microbes. Chemical disinfectants include phenols, chlorine, iodine, alcohols, and soaps. Physical factors like exposure time and number of microbes impact effectiveness of these sterilization and disSterilization and disinfection
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilization kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens excluding spores. Dry heat sterilizes through protein denaturation and moisture damage, while moist heat is more effective through coagulation and protein denaturation. Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes is the most effective sterilization method. Membrane filtration below 0.45 μm is used to remove microbes from heat-labile liquids. Disinfectants like alcohol, aldehydes, phenol, hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide and halogens are used to disinfect surfaces, with alcohols and aldehydes being
Sterilization Methods - Physical Methods.pdf
This document discusses various physical sterilization methods including heat, radiation, filtration, and sunlight. Heat-based methods involve dry heat using ovens or flaming, and moist heat using autoclaving, boiling, or tyndalization. Radiation methods use ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation like x-rays. Filtration removes microbes using membrane filters or HEPA filters. Each method aims to eliminate all microbial life through mechanisms like oxidation, coagulation of proteins, or removal of particles above a certain size.
infection control and sterlization, nethod of sterilization.
This document discusses infection control and sterilization. It defines infection, outlines common infectious agents like bacteria, viruses and fungi. It emphasizes preventing infection through sterilization and disinfection to eliminate pathogens and interrupt transmission. It then details various sterilization methods like heat, chemicals, radiation and their mechanisms and appropriate uses. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of infection control and sterilization techniques.
Sterilisation & Disinfection
This document defines sterilization and disinfection, and discusses various physical and chemical agents used for these processes. It notes that sterilization aims to remove all microorganisms, while disinfection targets pathogenic organisms. Common physical agents for sterilization include heat, radiation, filtration and ultrasound. Chemical agents discussed include alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, halogens, phenols and gases. Proper sterilization requires consideration of multiple factors to effectively kill microbes.
Sterilization and disinfection final
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It begins by describing how early civilizations preserved food using methods like drying and pickling to control microbial growth. In the mid-1800s, Semmelweis and Lister helped develop aseptic techniques to prevent surgical wound infections. The document then defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization. It describes various physical methods of sterilization and disinfection like heat, filtration, and radiation. It provides details on specific heat-based methods like autoclaving, pasteurization, and tyndallization. The document also discusses chemical disinfectants and antiseptics like phenols, iodine, and chlor
Sterlization
Sterilization kills all microbes including spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens but not necessarily all spores. Sterilization methods include heat (dry heat, moist heat like autoclaving), radiation, filtration, gases (ethylene oxide), and plasma. Autoclaving at 121°C for 20 minutes is the most effective sterilization method. Other methods like dry heat, boiling, filtration and chemicals are used for heat-sensitive items or liquids. Proper monitoring of the sterilization process is important to ensure complete sterilization.
Sterlization and asepsis
This document discusses sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes different sterilization methods like heat, filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide, and chemical methods. It discusses the importance of pre-sterilization cleaning and outlines different stages of sterilization - cleaning, sterilization process, and aseptic storage. It also discusses classifications of instruments based on infection risk and the importance of maintaining an antiseptic environment in the operating theatre.
Control of microorganisms unit 2
Control of microorganisms is essential to prevent disease transmission and spoilage. Microorganisms are controlled through chemical and physical methods. Physical methods include heat, filtration, dessication, and radiation which can kill microbes. Chemical methods use disinfectants, antiseptics, and other antimicrobial agents like alcohols, phenols, iodophors, and heavy metals to control microbes. Proper application of these chemical and physical methods based on characteristics of the microbes and environment is needed for effective microbial control.
Sterilization and infection control
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
Disinfection ppt.pptx
This document discusses the history and methods of disinfection. It begins with key figures in the development of disinfection practices like Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Ignaz Semmelweis. It then covers various classifications of items based on disinfection needs, factors affecting disinfection effectiveness, ideal properties of disinfectants, and common sites of action. The document concludes by describing several physical (e.g. cleaning, heat) and chemical (e.g. phenols, alcohols, halogens) methods used for disinfection.
sterilization disinfection.pdf
The document discusses various methods for sterilization and disinfection. It begins by explaining that most medical devices are heat sterilized using steam, but some materials like plastics require low-temperature sterilization. It then describes several physical methods like heat, radiation, and filtration. It also outlines some common chemical disinfecting agents like alcohol, aldehydes, phenols, halogens, and dyes. The document provides details on sterilization techniques like autoclaving and their mechanisms of action.
sterlization_asepsis.ppt
The document discusses various methods of sterilization and asepsis. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes the Spaulding classification system for categorizing medical instruments based on infection risk. Various sterilization methods are covered in detail, including heat sterilization methods like moist heat using autoclaves and dry heat using hot air ovens. Other methods discussed include filtration, irradiation, ethylene oxide sterilization, and chemical disinfectants. Proper pre-sterilization cleaning and sterility maintenance are also emphasized.
sterilization and its impact on dentistry.pptx
This document provides an overview of sterilization and infection control terminology, history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses key terms like sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. It outlines various physical and chemical sterilization methods including heat, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. It describes Spaulding's classification of critical, semi-critical, and non-critical items. It also summarizes CDC guidelines for sterilization and levels of disinfection. Major advances in the history and development of sterilization techniques are highlighted.
Sterilization process
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
STERILIZATION
A detailed PowerPoint presentation on sterilization and it's history.
Along with various and advanced methods used in different healthcare setups.
Different agents used for disinfection and over all infection control methods to be used in day to day practise in a hospital or clinic setup.
Similar to 2 Sterilization_and_Disinfection.ppt (20)
infection control and sterlization, nethod of sterilization.
infection control and sterlization, nethod of sterilization.
More from Monishabasavaraj
1. CODE BLUE MANAGEMNET.pptx
This document provides information and guidelines for managing a Code Blue situation. It defines a Code Blue as indicating a patient requiring resuscitation or immediate medical attention due to respiratory or cardiac arrest. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Code Blue team, which includes medical staff from cardiology, anesthesia, nursing and respiratory therapy. It also describes the steps to take during a Code Blue, including activating the emergency, performing CPR, assessing the patient's condition, and treating any life-threatening arrhythmias according to ACLS protocols. Post-resuscitation care and documentation are also addressed.
1. POLICY ON GRIEVANCE & DICIPLINARY PROCEDURE.pptx
This document discusses employee discipline and grievance procedures. It defines discipline as a process of training employees to develop self-control and become more efficient. Positive discipline focuses on self-discipline through rewards, while negative discipline enforces rules through penalties. Grievances are formal disputes between employees and management that must be addressed according to grievance procedures. These typically involve multiple steps moving up the management chain. The document also covers types of employee separation including voluntary resignations and retirements, as well as involuntary terminations like dismissal, layoffs, and retrenchment.
2. CPR.pptx
CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to manually maintain heart function and oxygenated blood flow until medical treatment can restore normal heart rhythm. It is used when someone's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. The goals of CPR are to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating to the brain and other vital organs until definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart function or breathing. CPR procedures involve opening the airway, providing rescue breathing, performing chest compressions, and using an automated external defibrillator to deliver an electric shock if needed. Proper CPR technique and timing is crucial to maximize the chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
STAFF PERSONAL RECORD copy.pptx
Records provide ready information and preserve evidence for future use. Personnel records are used for long-term purposes and include employment history, medical reports, attendance records, and more. The purpose of record keeping is to facilitate an orderly account of progress, enable comparisons, detect errors and frauds, meet legal requirements, and support personnel decisions. Personnel records play a significant role in performing functions like audits, research, and reviewing policies. They supply necessary information to management and unions.
SURGICAL SAFETY.pptx
This document discusses surgical safety and errors. It notes that 234 million operations are performed globally each year, with 1 million deaths and 7 million disabling complications, over 50% of which are preventable. Common errors include wrong site surgery, wrong patient surgery, and retained surgical instruments. Causes of errors include lack of protocols, training, supervision, communication breakdowns, and operating outside of one's expertise. Checklists modeled after aviation safety checklists have been shown to reduce complications and deaths when used in surgery. A WHO surgical safety checklist was tested in 8 hospitals globally and significantly reduced death rates and complication rates. Universal adoption of checklists and a culture of safety are seen as keys to reducing preventable surgical errors.
PREVENTION OF SEXUAL HARRASEMENT.pptx
The document discusses the laws around prevention of sexual harassment in the Indian workplace. It defines sexual harassment, provides examples of unwelcome behavior, and outlines the complaint process and potential consequences. It notes that the objective of Indian laws is prevention, protection, and redressal of sexual harassment complaints. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act of 2013 provides the framework.
drugrecallfinal-200423172250.pptx
1. A drug recall is a process of withdrawing a pharmaceutical product from distribution due to defects, adverse reactions, or counterfeiting concerns. The recall can be initiated by the manufacturer or regulatory authorities.
2. The objectives of a drug recall are to stop distribution of the affected product, notify relevant parties, remove the product from the marketplace, analyze the root cause, and implement corrective actions to prevent future recalls.
3. Recalls are classified by the CDSCO as Class I, II, or III based on the health risk posed by the defective product, with Class I posing the greatest risk requiring the fastest response.
VULNERABLE PATIENT.pptx
This document provides guidelines for caring for vulnerable patients in the hospital. It defines vulnerable patients as those unable to protect or care for themselves. It identifies several patient groups as vulnerable including the elderly, young, terminally ill, and those with medical or psychiatric conditions. The document outlines how to assess vulnerability, identify at-risk patients, conduct fall risk assessments, ensure patient safety, obtain informed consent, educate patients and families, and properly document any falls that occur. It provides specific interventions and policies for caring for vulnerable patients and preventing common risks like falls.
lookalikeandsoundalikemedications-180319055839.pptx
The document discusses look alike and sound alike (LASA) medications, which can cause errors due to visual or phonetic similarities. It defines LASA medications and describes individual, environmental, and unique factors that can contribute to errors. The document lists examples of LASA drug categories from the FDA and ISMP. It then outlines strategies to prevent LASA errors in procurement, storage, dispensing, prescribing, administration, monitoring, and patient education. Finally, it provides an example of how one hospital implements various strategies like using tall man lettering, warnings, double checks, and education to address LASA medication safety issues.
PATIENT FEEDBACK.pptx
Patient satisfaction is important for public accountability and quality improvement. It measures how useful, effective, or beneficial patients find healthcare services. Factors influencing satisfaction include quality/competency of providers, information/explanations, wait times, cost, effectiveness/appropriateness of care, amenities, and continuity of care. Surveys are conducted to evaluate satisfaction through structured questionnaires, discharge interviews, and suggestion/complaint boxes. Feedback is processed, actions are implemented, and satisfaction levels are periodically reviewed.
END OF LIFE CARE.pptx
This document discusses various topics related to end of life care, including palliative care, hospice care, pain management, common symptoms, and more. It provides information on:
1) Palliative care aims to make patients as comfortable as possible, while hospice care focuses on those with a life expectancy of 6 months or less.
2) Common symptoms at end of life include pain, nausea, breathlessness, weight loss, and fatigue. Opioids, antiemetics, oxygen, corticosteroids, and other drugs can help manage these symptoms.
3) Additional issues covered include depression, delirium, anorexia, dyspnea, neuropathics pain, bone
spillmanagement2q-220919041830-73be6d1d.pptx
This document provides guidance on spill management in a hospital setting. It outlines objectives to familiarize staff with regulatory standards, hazards, and appropriate spill responses. It also emphasizes having spill kits ready. The document discusses how spills can occur from faulty equipment or human error, posing infection risks. It differentiates between biological, chemical, and mercury spills, and small and large spills. Steps are provided for managing biological spills, including using protective equipment and a 10% hypochlorite solution.
hospitalhousekeeping-161004115402.pdf
This document provides information on housekeeping techniques for hospital housekeepers. It discusses the order of cleaning tasks, defines housekeeping, and explains the importance of housekeeping for aesthetic appeal, hygiene, maintenance, and safety. It also outlines specific cleaning techniques for hospitals, including areas to clean, cleaning agents, equipment, and principles of cleaning like cleaning from top to bottom. Hospital housekeeping aims to maintain a clean, safe, and hygienic environment to reduce infection risks.
medicolegalissues-151101050024-lva1-app6892.pdf
This document discusses medicolegal issues that doctors may encounter. It defines a medicolegal case as one involving legal implications for the attending doctor where further investigation by law enforcement is required. The document outlines doctors' legal responsibilities in managing medicolegal cases, including informing law enforcement of certain injuries or deaths. It provides guidance on properly receiving, documenting, and managing different types of medicolegal cases.
dr-170826095415.pptx
This presentation discusses high-alert medications and strategies for their safe use. It begins by defining high-alert medications as those that carry a significant risk of patient harm if used in error. It then identifies the top five high-alert medication classes and provides case studies demonstrating errors. Finally, it outlines approaches like standardization, redundancy checks, and monitoring to minimize errors and their consequences for high-risk drugs. The goal is to develop policies and checklists to ensure the safest possible use of medications that require special precautions.
hospitallinenandlaundryservices-180509154222.pptx
Linen and laundry services play an important role in hospital hygiene and patient comfort. Clean medical linens prevent germ transmission between patients and allow patients to feel at ease. An effective laundry requires collecting soiled linen, sorting, cleaning, inspecting and distributing clean linen. Key factors in planning a laundry include the hospital size, weather conditions, and linen classification by use and color. Proper facilities, equipment, and staffing are needed to efficiently process the daily linen workload. Quality monitoring and preventing linen loss are important for providing adequate supplies.
CODE PINK copy.pptx
Child abduction from healthcare facilities is called "Code Pink". The document outlines policies, procedures, and guidelines for responding to a Code Pink, including activating emergency codes to alert staff, searching the facility, notifying law enforcement, and supporting affected families. Preventive measures include secure access controls, video monitoring, and educating staff to watch for suspicious behaviors near infants. Typical abductors are described as females appearing pregnant seeking opportunities when staff are distracted.
non-sporinganaerobes-160816140157.pptx
This document provides an overview of anaerobic microorganisms. It discusses their habitat, classification, virulence factors and pathogenesis. Key points include that anaerobes normally inhabit the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and genitalia. They outnumber aerobic bacteria in many areas. Common pathogenic genera include Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus. Virulence factors allow tissue invasion when mucosal barriers are breached. Laboratory diagnosis involves culture media and identification of colonies and metabolites.
spillmanagement-181009192712.pptx
This document discusses procedures for managing different types of spills that may occur in a hospital setting. It addresses biological spills, which can be small spots cleaned with damp cloths or larger spills requiring protective equipment and disinfectants. Chemical spills require identifying the chemical, taking precautions, and properly disposing of contaminated materials. Radioactive spills require estimating contamination, confining the area, cleaning using absorbent materials and detergent, and reporting the spill to supervisors.
finalmodule13environmentalcleaning2-230114032909-026182e8.pptx
This document provides guidance on environmental cleaning and infection prevention in healthcare facilities. It outlines the importance of cleaning in reducing pathogen transmission. Proper cleaning methods are described, including using disinfectant solutions in patient areas and detergent in non-patient areas. Personal protective equipment should be worn, and high-touch surfaces prioritized. Spills should be cleaned immediately using absorbent materials followed by disinfection. Terminal cleaning after patient discharge or transfer is crucial. Monitoring programs help ensure cleaning is effective. Training staff on cleaning protocols is important for infection prevention.
More from Monishabasavaraj (20)
1. POLICY ON GRIEVANCE & DICIPLINARY PROCEDURE.pptx
1. POLICY ON GRIEVANCE & DICIPLINARY PROCEDURE.pptx
lookalikeandsoundalikemedications-180319055839.pptx
lookalikeandsoundalikemedications-180319055839.pptx
finalmodule13environmentalcleaning2-230114032909-026182e8.pptx
finalmodule13environmentalcleaning2-230114032909-026182e8.pptx
Recently uploaded
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES by bhavya kelavadiya
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montrealAll about shoulder Joint ..
All about shoulder joint , Anatomy ,Examination, Special tests and radiology.
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology as applied to Public Health
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Brief description worm infestation/Helminthiasis for Basic B.Sc Nursing students
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
KENT'S REPERTORY by dr niranjan mohanty.pptx
its a presentation on Dr kents Repertory by Dr niranjan Mohanty
Recently uploaded (20)
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
2 Sterilization_and_Disinfection.ppt
- 2. Sterilization Freeing of an environment from all living microorganisms includes bacteria and their spores, fungi, parasites and viruses. Sterilization means germ free objects. Sterilization occurs by: ■ Physical methods. ■ Chemical methods.
- 4. Physical methods Heat: ■ Exposure of the objects to heat will kills microbes by coagulation of protein, denaturation of enzymes and oxidation. Filtration: ■ Sterilization through removing of microbes from fluids by exposing to small size filter. Used for heat sensitive fluids like serum, antibiotic, suger, and urea. Radiation: ■ Exposure to irradiation causes denaturation of proteins and enzymes.
- 5. sterilization by heat Heat Dry heat Moist heat
- 6. Dry heat Dry heat Red hot Flaming Hot air oven Incineration
- 7. Red hot Exposure of wires and forceps to the Bunsen flame until it becomes red hot, then cool down and use. Used for loop, forceps, and metal rods.
- 8. Flaming Slowly passing of an objects to the Bunsen flame will reduce the number of microorganisms. Used for sterilization of the mouth of bottle, flasks, containers and test tubes, smear slides etc,,,.
- 9. Flaming
- 10. Hot air oven Instruments consist of heater, oven. Used for sand, powder, metal, glass. Thermal death point and Thermal death time: ■ 160C for 60 min. ■ 180C for 30 min.
- 12. Incineration Is treating of an objects to heating over 250 until become black. Done for used equipment.
- 14. Moist heat Moist heat Less than 100C At 100C Above 100C
- 15. Less than 100C Pasteurization of milk: ■ Holding method (65C for 30 min) ■ Flash method (72C for 20 sec) Preparation of vaccine: ■ By heating at 56C for 30-60 min.
- 16. At 100 C Steaming: ■ Single exposure of the microbe to steam at 100C for 90 min. Boiling: ■ Boiling water is the most common form of application of moist heat but is not capable of killing endospores or killing all viruses ■ At 100º C for 30 min.
- 17. Above 100C (Autoclaving) Depends on steam and pressure. ■ Steam is a hot air able to penetrate through things. ■ Pressure will rise the temperature from 100C to 121C. Moist heat is more effective than dry heat at a given temperature or length of exposure. also more penetrating than dry heat Make complete killing of bacteria, their spores, fungi and their spores, parasites and viruses including Envelop and non Envelop virus. Thermal death point and thermal death time: ■ 121C for 15 - 20 min. ■ Flash autoclaving at 134C for 4-5min.
- 19. Autoclave indicator Chemical indicator: 1.Autoclave tape. 2.Brown’s tube (diack tube). Biological indicator: Spore strip (thermophilic organism).
- 22. Radiation ■Sterilization by radiation kills microbes by causing mutation to the cellular protein and disrupting cellular elements. Types of radiation: 1) UV ( not a good sterilizing method). 2) Ionizing , most medical disposables ( syringes, needles).
- 23. Filtration Sterilization by mechanical removal of pathogenic microorganism by passing through membrane filter. Unable to filter viruses according to their small size. The pore size is less than 0.45 µm(bacteria size 100-1 µm). Used for sterilization of heat sensitive fluids like serum, glucose, urea, and Amino acids.
- 25. Disinfection Chemical methods of sterilization
- 26. Disinfection: ■Is removing of pathogenic microorganism or reducing their number on the exposed area. ■Unable to destroy spores and some could not kill non envelop viruses. Antiseptic: is a chemical agent that is applied to living tissue to kill microbes.
- 27. Factors affects disinfection action: ■ Type of disinfection. ■ Concentration of disinfectant. ■ Type of microorganism. ■ Number of microorganism. ■ Time of exposure. ■ Temperature.
- 28. Phenolic group of disinfectant: E.g.: Phenol crystal, Dittol, Lysol, Cresol. Remain active, stable and persist for long period of time. Active against G+ve, G-ve, Mycobacterium & viruses.
- 29. Alcohols: E.g.: Anti-bacterial, sanitizer. They able to act and Evaporate, short period of time..
- 30. Dyes: Crystal violet and Eosine are very effective antiseptic.
- 31. Surface active agents: Soap and other detergent make mechanical remove of microbe by scrubbing of dead tissue so reduce their number.
- 32. MIC test ■ A pure culture of a single microorganism is grown in a broth. ■ The antimicrobial agent is diluted in a number of times, 1:1, through a sterile diluent (usually Mueller-Hinton broth). ■ Add 2 drops of the organism onto the antimicrobial dilution.
- 33. ■ Incubate 24 hr in the incubator. ■ After incubation, the dilution observe growth, The last tube in the dilution series that does not demonstrate growth corresponds with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antimicrobial agent.