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STEM SKILLS IN THE WORKFORCE - 
'IVORY TOWER TO CONCRETE JUNGLE’ 
Dr Roslyn Prinsley 
National Adviser, Science and Mathematics Education and Industry
Outline 
1. Competing globally using STEM skills 
2. STEM graduates in the workforce 
3. STEM skills – what do employers want? 
4. Work Integrated Learning
1. Competing globally using STEM skills
Fast rate of growth in STEM jobs 
Australia - Jobs held by people with STEM 
credentials grew at 1.5 times the rate of non- 
STEM jobs, 2006-2011 (ABS ,2014). 
Globally - 75% of the fastest growing 
occupations require STEM skills and 
knowledge (AiGroup 2013).
4.9 
4.6 
8.6 
Income from sales of goods or services 
Profitability 
Productivity 
Range of goods or services offered 
Expenditure on information technology (IT) 
Total number of jobs or positions 
Structured/formal training for employees 
Social contributions 
Contracting out work or outsourcing 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
5 
Innovation leads to improved business performance 
0.6 
3.6 
9.7 
6.3 
14.2 
20.0 
27.7 
2.5 
10.6 
13.5 
18.6 
21.3 
30.0 
28.0 
33.7 
32.8 
44.0 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 
Export markets targeted 
Percentage of businesses 
Innovation-active businesses Non innovation-active businesses 
Source: ABS (2014), Selected Characteristics of Australian Business, 2012-13 cat. no. 8167.0
Over 70 per cent of employers say their STEM qualified staff are 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
6 
among their most innovative 
2.00 
1.95 
1.90 
1.85 
1.80 
1.75 
1.70 
1.65 
1.60 
1.55 
Relative likelihood of a business engaging in 
innovation: 
STEM/non-STEM 
Source: ABS (2014), Custom data. 
STEM skills used to undertake core 
business activity: 
• Engineering 
• Scientific and research 
• IT professionals 
• IT support technicians 
NON STEM skills used to undertake 
core business activity: 
• Trades 
• Transport, plant and 
machinery operation 
• Marketing 
• Project management 
• Business management 
• Financial
2. STEM graduates in the workforce 
(ABS results)
2.6 
2.5 
2.2 
2.2 
2.1 
2.0 
1.9 
1.7 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
7.3 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services… 
Computer System Design and Related Services 
Public Administration 
Tertiary Education 
Finance 
Preschool and School Education 
Medical and Other Health Care Services 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 
Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling 
Hospitals 
Telecommunications Services 
Food and Beverage Services 
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services 
Metal Ore Mining 
Building Construction 
Basic Chemical and Chemical Product… 
Administrative Services 
Defence 
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 
Food Product Manufacturing 
Electricity Supply 
Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 
Agriculture 
Construction Services 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
8 
Industries where STEM graduates are employed 
1.2 
2.3 
6.3 
9.3 
15.6 
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 
Food Retailing 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
Industries where Natural and Physical Science graduates are employed 
2.0 
1.9 
1.8 
1.6 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
2.8 
5.9 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except… 
Tertiary Education 
Public Administration 
Medical and Other Health Care Services 
Preschool and School Education 
Hospitals 
Computer System Design and Related Services 
Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Finance 
Food and Beverage Services 
Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 
Metal Ore Mining 
Food Product Manufacturing 
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services 
Other Goods Wholesaling 
Food Retailing 
Administrative Services 
Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
9 
1.2 
1.7 
2.7 
3.2 
4.8 
5.5 
7.5 
11.5 
14.7 
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 
Exploration and Other Mining Support Services 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
Occupations of Natural and Physical Science graduates 
2.8 
2.6 
2.5 
2.4 
5.0 
10.5 
Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals 
Specialist Managers 
Education Professionals 
Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals 
Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians 
ICT Professionals 
Health Professionals 
Professionals nfd 
Office Managers and Program Administrators 
Sales Assistants and Salespersons 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
10 
2.3 
4.7 
7.7 
9.7 
25.5 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 
Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
Industries of doctoral holders: Natural and Physical 
Sciences 
3.5 
2.5 
8.3 
23.3 
37.5 
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 
Tertiary Education 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer 
System Design and Related Services) 
Public Administration 
Hospitals 
Medical and Other Health Care Services 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
New faculty positions versus new PhDs 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST
3. STEM skills – what do employers want? 
 Survey of employers (Deloitte)
3.1 
3.1 
6.7 
6.3 
5.6 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 
Manufacturing 
Financial and Insurance Services 
Mining 
Information Media and Telecommunications 
Other 
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 
Public Administration and Safety 
Education and Training 
Health Care and Social Assistance 
Construction 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
14 
Survey respondents by industry sector 
2.0 
5.4 
6.7 
8.3 
10.3 
19.9 
22.8 
0 5 10 15 20 25 
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 
Percentage of respondents 
Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
Findings 
Over four in five firms agree that people with STEM 
qualifications are valuable to the workplace, even when 
their qualification is not a prerequisite for the role. 
53 per cent expected an increase in demand for STEM 
qualified professionals, while only 8 per cent expected a 
decrease.
Importance of skills and attributes in the workplace 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
16 
Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
Skill level – STEM and non-STEM 
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 
Active learning (i.e. learning on the job) 
Critical thinking 
Complex problem-solving 
Creative problem-solving 
Interpersonal skills 
Understanding how we do business 
Time management 
Lifelong learning 
Design thinking 
Knowledge of legislation and regulation 
System analysis and evaluation 
Programming 
Average skill level rating 
Average skill level: STEM 
Average skill level: non-STEM 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
17 
Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
Lack of interpersonal skills 
Lack of understanding of how we do business 
Lack of general workplace experience 
Lack of practical experience/lab skills 
Content of STEM qualifications are not relevant to 
business needs 
Shortage of STEM graduates 
Lack of applications 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
18 
Issues encountered during recent recruitment 
9 
16 
21 
26 
35 
33 
38 
36 
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 
STEM qualified applicants are too specialised 
Percentage of respondents 
who had encountered the issue 
Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
This is not a new problem 
To what extent universities have contributed to 
national economic decline through their failure to be 
relevant to students - the nation's potential wealth 
providers. 
Universities need to address the discrepancy 
between employers' expectations of graduates and 
their actual performance. 
O'Leary, J. (1995). What we can infer from Australian graduate employment statistics: The discrepancy between 
employers' expectations and graduate performance. Queensland Researcher, 11(1), 15-27.
Satisfaction with relationships with post-secondary 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
20 
educational institutions 
Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
4. Work Integrated Learning – Universities 
and industry collaborating to match 
graduates with needs.
Industry Working Group 
• UA, BCA, AiGroup, ACCI, ATN, ACEN 
• Advises the Chief Scientist on improving 
preparedness of graduates to meet Australia’s 
future workforce needs 
• Enhances collaboration between universities and 
industry 
• Assesses feasibility of options to expand work-based 
educational placements and projects.
Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Studies 
Work Integrated Learning in STEM in universities – a baseline and 
stocktake 
• types and extent of WIL in universities. 
• opportunities and barriers to WIL uptake. 
• nature and components of higher order skills. 
 Australian Council for Education Research (ACER) 
Work Integrated Learning in STEM from the employer perspective 
• types and extent of WIL in enterprises. 
• benefits, issues, opportunities and barriers to WIL. 
• nature and components of higher order skills required . 
 National Centre for Vocational Education and Research (NCVER)
Current coverage for project 1
Current coverage for project 1, cont’d
WIL in STEM in universities – a baseline 
• WIL in STEM is widely embraced. Lots happening in 
practice, lots of ambition to expand. 
• The focus for these activities/ambitions tends to be on 
‘authentic’ experiences for students, usually 
placement-based or project-based. 
• The full costs of WIL are in most cases unknown 
• WIL funded similarly to any other subject/unit.
Engineering 
ICT 
Agriculural and environmental sciences 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
27 
WIL by STEM discipline (illustrative) 
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics 
Work placements for credit Projects
Hunting for Good WIL 
• Linked to theoretical aspects of courses – 
 ideally providing an “ah-ha” moment to student when 
practical and theoretical merge. 
• Well articulated expectations of students/industry 
• Well established processes for logistics and 
support 
• Clear assessment-based/reflective tasks that 
engage students in considering the ‘experience’ 
• Long and intensive/block placements best for 
building skills and capabilities
What are employers saying? 
Employers are willing to provide experiences for students. 
Why? 
1. Win/win situation for enterprise and student. 
2. “Try before you buy”. 
3. Building the STEM workforce - investing in the future of their industry. 
4. Corporate / community citizenship. 
5. Workload alleviation. 
6. Employer branding at university level 
7. Getting new ideas about technology and research 
Early interim results NCVER October 2014
What are employers saying? 
What makes WIL work? – 
• Selection process and screening 
• Committed line managers. 
• Critical to experience real world and business critical tasks – at scale. 
Barriers 
• Outsourcing to e.g. India/Phillipines threat to student placements. 
• Little effort of universities to establish/maintain relationships with 
SMEs - forgoing many potential placement opportunities. 
Early interim results NCVER October 2014
WIL for Science Students 
Issues 
1. Where to start, how to do it? 
2. Is there genuine interest from industry? 
3. Are there enough employers to scale up WIL? 
4. Does there needs to be an industry placement for every student? 
5. Difficult to maintain relationships with employers. 
6. Matching placements with times of high workload (not summer). 
Solutions? 
1. Project based WIL, employer provides one project for several students 
(interaction with industry, apply skills to real world, teamwork). 
2. Onus on students to seek placements.
The future for WIL for Science Students 
What do you need to take the lead 
on this for your institution? 
Where are there areas for 
cooperation? 
What information would be 
valuable to you? 
What else do we need to do?
The End
Physics and Astronomy 
5.2 
4.7 
3.2 
2.3 
2.3 
Mathematical Sciences 
Tertiary Education 
Professional, Scientific and… 
Preschool and School Education 
Computer System Design and… 
Finance 
Public Administration 
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance… 
Insurance and Superannuation… 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Defence 
Adult, Community and Other… 
Administrative Services 
Food and Beverage Services 
Telecommunications Services 
Food Retailing 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
11.7 
10.3 
34 
Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 
2.0 
2.0 
1.8 
1.7 
1.5 
4.3 
7.9 
16.3 
19.5 
Tertiary Education 
Professional, Scientific and Technical… 
Computer System Design and Related… 
Preschool and School Education 
Public Administration 
Defence 
Machinery and Equipment… 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 
Hospitals 
Finance 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Medical and Other Health Care Services 
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services 
Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling 
Telecommunications Services 
Percentage of graduates 
2.0 
1.7 
1.6 
1.4 
1.4 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
4.4 
3.2 
6.9 
6.5 
9.4 
11.0 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 
Hospitals 
Percentage of graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
Chemical Sciences 
4.7 
Biological Sciences 
Tertiary Education 
Professional, Scientific and… 
Public Administration 
Medical and Other Health… 
Hospitals 
Preschool and School… 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Basic Chemical and Chemical… 
Heritage Activities 
Food and Beverage Services 
Public Order, Safety and… 
Computer System Design and… 
Personal and Other Services 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
18.6 
35 
Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 
2.5 
2.4 
2.0 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.6 
1.5 
1.5 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
3.1 
5.2 
9.6 
12.2 
16.3 
Professional, Scientific and… 
Tertiary Education 
Basic Chemical and Chemical… 
Preschool and School Education 
Public Administration 
Polymer Product and Rubber… 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Food Product Manufacturing 
Computer System Design and… 
Food and Beverage Services 
Medical and Other Health Care… 
Other Goods Wholesaling 
Public Order, Safety and… 
Basic Material Wholesaling 
Hospitals 
Machinery and Equipment… 
Machinery and Equipment… 
Primary Metal and Metal Product… 
Food Retailing 
Water Supply, Sewerage and… 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 
Defence 
Percentage of graduates 
2.6 
2.1 
2.1 
1.9 
1.6 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
5.3 
4.6 
4.1 
11.2 
17.0 
0 5 10 15 20 
Agriculture 
Percentage of graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
Earth Sciences 
3.0 
6.1 
Professional, Scientific and Technical 
Services (except Computer System Design… 
Metal Ore Mining 
Exploration and Other Mining Support 
Services 
Public Administration 
Tertiary Education 
Oil and Gas Extraction 
Coal Mining 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
36 
Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 
2.0 
5.3 
7.4 
11.0 
14.1 
25.4 
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 
Preschool and School Education 
Percentage of graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
Natural and Physical Sciences in the Professional, Scientific and 
1.6 
1.4 
5.1 
Scientific Research Services 
Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services 
Management and Related Consulting Services 
Legal and Accounting Services 
Market Research and Statistical Services 
Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 
Veterinary Services 
Advertising Services 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
37 
Technical Services industry 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 
0.8 
4.0 
7.1 
17.7 
26.9 
35.3 
0 10 20 30 40 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except 
Computer System Design and Related Services), nfd 
Percentage of graduates
Occupations within the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 
Scientific Research Services 
Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services 
Management and Related Consulting Services 
Legal and Accounting Services 
Market Research and Statistical Services 
Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 
Advertising Services 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
38 
industry for NPS graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System 
Design and Related Services), nfd 
Veterinary Services 
Managers Professionals Technicians and Trades Workers 
Community and Personal Service Workers Clerical and Administrative Workers Sales Workers 
Machinery Operators and Drivers Labourers
Industries where Natural and Physical Science graduates are employed 
2.0 
1.9 
1.7 
1.6 
1.3 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
3.2 
2.8 
5.9 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except… 
Tertiary Education 
Public Administration 
Medical and Other Health Care Services 
Preschool and School Education 
Hospitals 
Computer System Design and Related Services 
Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing 
Other Store-Based Retailing 
Finance 
Food and Beverage Services 
Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 
Metal Ore Mining 
Food Product Manufacturing 
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services 
Other Goods Wholesaling 
Food Retailing 
Administrative Services 
Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
39 
1.2 
1.8 
2.7 
4.8 
5.5 
7.5 
11.5 
14.7 
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 
Exploration and Other Mining Support Services 
Percentage of graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
% 
90 
80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 
0 
BUSINESS COLLABORATION with HIGHER 
EDUCATION or PUBLIC RESEARCH AGENCIES 
Large firms SMEs 
SOURCE: OECD, based on Eurostat (CIS-2010) and national data sources, June 2013.
Professional occupations within the Professional, Scientific and 
Scientific Research Services 
Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services 
Management and Related Consulting Services 
Legal and Accounting Services 
Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 
Market Research and Statistical Services 
Advertising Services 
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 
41 
Technical Services industry for NPS graduates 
Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 
Veterinary Services 
Design and Related Services), nfd 
Professionals nfd Arts and Media Professionals 
Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals 
Education Professionals Health Professionals 
ICT Professionals Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals

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Dr Roslyn Prinsley: The OCS study of workforce integrated learning in science faculties

  • 1. STEM SKILLS IN THE WORKFORCE - 'IVORY TOWER TO CONCRETE JUNGLE’ Dr Roslyn Prinsley National Adviser, Science and Mathematics Education and Industry
  • 2. Outline 1. Competing globally using STEM skills 2. STEM graduates in the workforce 3. STEM skills – what do employers want? 4. Work Integrated Learning
  • 3. 1. Competing globally using STEM skills
  • 4. Fast rate of growth in STEM jobs Australia - Jobs held by people with STEM credentials grew at 1.5 times the rate of non- STEM jobs, 2006-2011 (ABS ,2014). Globally - 75% of the fastest growing occupations require STEM skills and knowledge (AiGroup 2013).
  • 5. 4.9 4.6 8.6 Income from sales of goods or services Profitability Productivity Range of goods or services offered Expenditure on information technology (IT) Total number of jobs or positions Structured/formal training for employees Social contributions Contracting out work or outsourcing OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 5 Innovation leads to improved business performance 0.6 3.6 9.7 6.3 14.2 20.0 27.7 2.5 10.6 13.5 18.6 21.3 30.0 28.0 33.7 32.8 44.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 Export markets targeted Percentage of businesses Innovation-active businesses Non innovation-active businesses Source: ABS (2014), Selected Characteristics of Australian Business, 2012-13 cat. no. 8167.0
  • 6. Over 70 per cent of employers say their STEM qualified staff are OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 6 among their most innovative 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55 Relative likelihood of a business engaging in innovation: STEM/non-STEM Source: ABS (2014), Custom data. STEM skills used to undertake core business activity: • Engineering • Scientific and research • IT professionals • IT support technicians NON STEM skills used to undertake core business activity: • Trades • Transport, plant and machinery operation • Marketing • Project management • Business management • Financial
  • 7. 2. STEM graduates in the workforce (ABS results)
  • 8. 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 7.3 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services… Computer System Design and Related Services Public Administration Tertiary Education Finance Preschool and School Education Medical and Other Health Care Services Other Store-Based Retailing Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling Hospitals Telecommunications Services Food and Beverage Services Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services Metal Ore Mining Building Construction Basic Chemical and Chemical Product… Administrative Services Defence Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Food Product Manufacturing Electricity Supply Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services Agriculture Construction Services OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 8 Industries where STEM graduates are employed 1.2 2.3 6.3 9.3 15.6 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 Food Retailing Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
  • 9. Industries where Natural and Physical Science graduates are employed 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.8 5.9 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except… Tertiary Education Public Administration Medical and Other Health Care Services Preschool and School Education Hospitals Computer System Design and Related Services Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing Other Store-Based Retailing Finance Food and Beverage Services Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services Metal Ore Mining Food Product Manufacturing Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services Other Goods Wholesaling Food Retailing Administrative Services Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 9 1.2 1.7 2.7 3.2 4.8 5.5 7.5 11.5 14.7 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Exploration and Other Mining Support Services Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
  • 10. Occupations of Natural and Physical Science graduates 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 5.0 10.5 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals Specialist Managers Education Professionals Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians ICT Professionals Health Professionals Professionals nfd Office Managers and Program Administrators Sales Assistants and Salespersons OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 10 2.3 4.7 7.7 9.7 25.5 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
  • 11. Industries of doctoral holders: Natural and Physical Sciences 3.5 2.5 8.3 23.3 37.5 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 Tertiary Education Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services) Public Administration Hospitals Medical and Other Health Care Services Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Percentage of graduates
  • 12. New faculty positions versus new PhDs OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST
  • 13. 3. STEM skills – what do employers want?  Survey of employers (Deloitte)
  • 14. 3.1 3.1 6.7 6.3 5.6 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Manufacturing Financial and Insurance Services Mining Information Media and Telecommunications Other Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Public Administration and Safety Education and Training Health Care and Social Assistance Construction OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 14 Survey respondents by industry sector 2.0 5.4 6.7 8.3 10.3 19.9 22.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Percentage of respondents Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
  • 15. Findings Over four in five firms agree that people with STEM qualifications are valuable to the workplace, even when their qualification is not a prerequisite for the role. 53 per cent expected an increase in demand for STEM qualified professionals, while only 8 per cent expected a decrease.
  • 16. Importance of skills and attributes in the workplace OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 16 Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
  • 17. Skill level – STEM and non-STEM 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Active learning (i.e. learning on the job) Critical thinking Complex problem-solving Creative problem-solving Interpersonal skills Understanding how we do business Time management Lifelong learning Design thinking Knowledge of legislation and regulation System analysis and evaluation Programming Average skill level rating Average skill level: STEM Average skill level: non-STEM OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 17 Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
  • 18. Lack of interpersonal skills Lack of understanding of how we do business Lack of general workplace experience Lack of practical experience/lab skills Content of STEM qualifications are not relevant to business needs Shortage of STEM graduates Lack of applications OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 18 Issues encountered during recent recruitment 9 16 21 26 35 33 38 36 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 STEM qualified applicants are too specialised Percentage of respondents who had encountered the issue Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
  • 19. This is not a new problem To what extent universities have contributed to national economic decline through their failure to be relevant to students - the nation's potential wealth providers. Universities need to address the discrepancy between employers' expectations of graduates and their actual performance. O'Leary, J. (1995). What we can infer from Australian graduate employment statistics: The discrepancy between employers' expectations and graduate performance. Queensland Researcher, 11(1), 15-27.
  • 20. Satisfaction with relationships with post-secondary OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 20 educational institutions Source: Deloitte Access Economics (2014), Australia’s STEM Workforce: a survey of employers
  • 21. 4. Work Integrated Learning – Universities and industry collaborating to match graduates with needs.
  • 22. Industry Working Group • UA, BCA, AiGroup, ACCI, ATN, ACEN • Advises the Chief Scientist on improving preparedness of graduates to meet Australia’s future workforce needs • Enhances collaboration between universities and industry • Assesses feasibility of options to expand work-based educational placements and projects.
  • 23. Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Studies Work Integrated Learning in STEM in universities – a baseline and stocktake • types and extent of WIL in universities. • opportunities and barriers to WIL uptake. • nature and components of higher order skills.  Australian Council for Education Research (ACER) Work Integrated Learning in STEM from the employer perspective • types and extent of WIL in enterprises. • benefits, issues, opportunities and barriers to WIL. • nature and components of higher order skills required .  National Centre for Vocational Education and Research (NCVER)
  • 24. Current coverage for project 1
  • 25. Current coverage for project 1, cont’d
  • 26. WIL in STEM in universities – a baseline • WIL in STEM is widely embraced. Lots happening in practice, lots of ambition to expand. • The focus for these activities/ambitions tends to be on ‘authentic’ experiences for students, usually placement-based or project-based. • The full costs of WIL are in most cases unknown • WIL funded similarly to any other subject/unit.
  • 27. Engineering ICT Agriculural and environmental sciences OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 27 WIL by STEM discipline (illustrative) Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics Work placements for credit Projects
  • 28. Hunting for Good WIL • Linked to theoretical aspects of courses –  ideally providing an “ah-ha” moment to student when practical and theoretical merge. • Well articulated expectations of students/industry • Well established processes for logistics and support • Clear assessment-based/reflective tasks that engage students in considering the ‘experience’ • Long and intensive/block placements best for building skills and capabilities
  • 29. What are employers saying? Employers are willing to provide experiences for students. Why? 1. Win/win situation for enterprise and student. 2. “Try before you buy”. 3. Building the STEM workforce - investing in the future of their industry. 4. Corporate / community citizenship. 5. Workload alleviation. 6. Employer branding at university level 7. Getting new ideas about technology and research Early interim results NCVER October 2014
  • 30. What are employers saying? What makes WIL work? – • Selection process and screening • Committed line managers. • Critical to experience real world and business critical tasks – at scale. Barriers • Outsourcing to e.g. India/Phillipines threat to student placements. • Little effort of universities to establish/maintain relationships with SMEs - forgoing many potential placement opportunities. Early interim results NCVER October 2014
  • 31. WIL for Science Students Issues 1. Where to start, how to do it? 2. Is there genuine interest from industry? 3. Are there enough employers to scale up WIL? 4. Does there needs to be an industry placement for every student? 5. Difficult to maintain relationships with employers. 6. Matching placements with times of high workload (not summer). Solutions? 1. Project based WIL, employer provides one project for several students (interaction with industry, apply skills to real world, teamwork). 2. Onus on students to seek placements.
  • 32. The future for WIL for Science Students What do you need to take the lead on this for your institution? Where are there areas for cooperation? What information would be valuable to you? What else do we need to do?
  • 34. Physics and Astronomy 5.2 4.7 3.2 2.3 2.3 Mathematical Sciences Tertiary Education Professional, Scientific and… Preschool and School Education Computer System Design and… Finance Public Administration Auxiliary Finance and Insurance… Insurance and Superannuation… Other Store-Based Retailing Defence Adult, Community and Other… Administrative Services Food and Beverage Services Telecommunications Services Food Retailing OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 11.7 10.3 34 Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 4.3 7.9 16.3 19.5 Tertiary Education Professional, Scientific and Technical… Computer System Design and Related… Preschool and School Education Public Administration Defence Machinery and Equipment… 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 Hospitals Finance Other Store-Based Retailing Medical and Other Health Care Services Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling Telecommunications Services Percentage of graduates 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 4.4 3.2 6.9 6.5 9.4 11.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 Hospitals Percentage of graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
  • 35. Chemical Sciences 4.7 Biological Sciences Tertiary Education Professional, Scientific and… Public Administration Medical and Other Health… Hospitals Preschool and School… Other Store-Based Retailing Basic Chemical and Chemical… Heritage Activities Food and Beverage Services Public Order, Safety and… Computer System Design and… Personal and Other Services OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 18.6 35 Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.1 5.2 9.6 12.2 16.3 Professional, Scientific and… Tertiary Education Basic Chemical and Chemical… Preschool and School Education Public Administration Polymer Product and Rubber… Other Store-Based Retailing Food Product Manufacturing Computer System Design and… Food and Beverage Services Medical and Other Health Care… Other Goods Wholesaling Public Order, Safety and… Basic Material Wholesaling Hospitals Machinery and Equipment… Machinery and Equipment… Primary Metal and Metal Product… Food Retailing Water Supply, Sewerage and… 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 Defence Percentage of graduates 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 5.3 4.6 4.1 11.2 17.0 0 5 10 15 20 Agriculture Percentage of graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
  • 36. Earth Sciences 3.0 6.1 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design… Metal Ore Mining Exploration and Other Mining Support Services Public Administration Tertiary Education Oil and Gas Extraction Coal Mining OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 36 Unpacking the industries of the Natural and Physical Sciences 2.0 5.3 7.4 11.0 14.1 25.4 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 Preschool and School Education Percentage of graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
  • 37. Natural and Physical Sciences in the Professional, Scientific and 1.6 1.4 5.1 Scientific Research Services Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services Management and Related Consulting Services Legal and Accounting Services Market Research and Statistical Services Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Veterinary Services Advertising Services OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 37 Technical Services industry Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 0.8 4.0 7.1 17.7 26.9 35.3 0 10 20 30 40 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services), nfd Percentage of graduates
  • 38. Occupations within the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Scientific Research Services Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services Management and Related Consulting Services Legal and Accounting Services Market Research and Statistical Services Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Advertising Services OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 38 industry for NPS graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System Design and Related Services), nfd Veterinary Services Managers Professionals Technicians and Trades Workers Community and Personal Service Workers Clerical and Administrative Workers Sales Workers Machinery Operators and Drivers Labourers
  • 39. Industries where Natural and Physical Science graduates are employed 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.2 2.8 5.9 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except… Tertiary Education Public Administration Medical and Other Health Care Services Preschool and School Education Hospitals Computer System Design and Related Services Basic Chemical and Chemical Product Manufacturing Other Store-Based Retailing Finance Food and Beverage Services Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services Metal Ore Mining Food Product Manufacturing Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services Other Goods Wholesaling Food Retailing Administrative Services Machinery and Equipment Wholesaling OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 39 1.2 1.8 2.7 4.8 5.5 7.5 11.5 14.7 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Exploration and Other Mining Support Services Percentage of graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing.
  • 40. % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 BUSINESS COLLABORATION with HIGHER EDUCATION or PUBLIC RESEARCH AGENCIES Large firms SMEs SOURCE: OECD, based on Eurostat (CIS-2010) and national data sources, June 2013.
  • 41. Professional occupations within the Professional, Scientific and Scientific Research Services Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services Management and Related Consulting Services Legal and Accounting Services Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Market Research and Statistical Services Advertising Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (except Computer System OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTIST 41 Technical Services industry for NPS graduates Source: ABS 2011 Census of Population and Housing. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Veterinary Services Design and Related Services), nfd Professionals nfd Arts and Media Professionals Business, Human Resource and Marketing Professionals Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals Education Professionals Health Professionals ICT Professionals Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals

Editor's Notes

  1. All business sizes
  2. All business sizes
  3. NOTES: Percentage of product and/or process innovative firms in each size category. OECD definition of business size Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are non-subsidiary, independent firms which employ fewer than a given number of employees. This number varies across countries. The most frequent upper limit designating an SME is 250 employees, as in the European Union. However, some countries set the limit at 200 employees, while the United States considers SMEs to include firms with fewer than 500 employees. Small firms are generally those with fewer than 50 employees, while micro-enterprises have at most 10, or in some cases 5, workers   ABS definition of business size small businesses – less than 20 medium businesses - 20 or more people, but less than 200 people; and large businesses - businesses employing 200 or more people