This document discusses how misting nozzles can save energy for outdoor air conditioning and cooling equipment. By spraying a fine mist around the fins of outdoor units, the ambient temperature is lowered using evaporation. This helps prevent efficiency declines and overload operation from high outside temperatures. Test results show misting can reduce electricity consumption by up to 5% depending on the outside temperature. Misting nozzles that create fine mists of 20-30 micrometers are recommended for effective evaporative cooling.
Cold storages are used for keeping perishashable food products. Design criteria for building and refrigeration concept for estimation of cooling load is decribed below.
This is a presentation showing how much energy can be saved by using equipment engineered by CT-technologies in Denmark. CT-technologies are helping clients with solutions within cold facilities (e.g. cold storage, meat processing plants, dairy plants, etc.).
If you need more information please write an e-mail to bba@ct-technologies.dk
Cold storages are used for keeping perishashable food products. Design criteria for building and refrigeration concept for estimation of cooling load is decribed below.
This is a presentation showing how much energy can be saved by using equipment engineered by CT-technologies in Denmark. CT-technologies are helping clients with solutions within cold facilities (e.g. cold storage, meat processing plants, dairy plants, etc.).
If you need more information please write an e-mail to bba@ct-technologies.dk
Air can be effectively cooled by exploiting the evaporation of water atomised into very fine droplets: the change in state, from liquid to vapour, absorbs energy from the air, which is consequently cooled. Evaporation of 100 kg/h of water absorbs 69 kW of heat from the air, for power consumption of less than 1 kW!. In an air handling unit, the supply air can be evaporatively cooled and humidified (direct evaporative cooling, DEC). Alternatively, if the outside air humidity is already high, the exhaust air can be cooled by several degrees without limits in terms of humidity, as it is discharged by the AHU; this cooling capacity, using a heat exchanger, can be used to cool the incoming fresh air with an efficiency that depends on the heat recovery unit used, yet easily exceeds 50%! (indirect evaporative cooling, IEC). All this means lower unit energy consumption and smaller dimensions and capacity of the cooling coil and chiller.
Buildings contribute over 40 % of the total global primary energy use corresponding to 24 % of
the CO2 emissions of the world (IEA 2008). Building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) systems are responsible for about half of the energy use in buildings.
A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power ElectronicsIJERA Editor
The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Bruni & Campisi offers services for different types of heating systems in Westchester and Connecticut. This slide explains the different heating system services available at Bruni & Campisi. To know more, call 914-574-2066 (NY) / 203-302-9118 (CT) or fax at 914-835-5783 or email at stephens@brucaminc.com. Visit us http://www.bruniandcampisi.com/
In this presentation we have discussed about temperature measuring instruments used in industry. Like Mechanical , electrical and non contact types instruments for measuring temperature
Heat pipes are Heat transfer devices. They are Hollow cylindrical pipes filled with a small amount of fluid that evaporates to produce heat. This heat is then rejected from another end for its application on industrial processes. For example, a heat pipe is used in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration application.
Presentation Hydrogen Technology Expo Bremen Oct 2022.pdfRoy Niekerk
Hydrogen Technology Expo in Bremen October 2022.
Central cooling systems for green hydrogen production plants.
Dry cooling, wet cooling and adiabatic cooling.
Production capacity bigger than 100MW. PEM electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis.
Air can be effectively cooled by exploiting the evaporation of water atomised into very fine droplets: the change in state, from liquid to vapour, absorbs energy from the air, which is consequently cooled. Evaporation of 100 kg/h of water absorbs 69 kW of heat from the air, for power consumption of less than 1 kW!. In an air handling unit, the supply air can be evaporatively cooled and humidified (direct evaporative cooling, DEC). Alternatively, if the outside air humidity is already high, the exhaust air can be cooled by several degrees without limits in terms of humidity, as it is discharged by the AHU; this cooling capacity, using a heat exchanger, can be used to cool the incoming fresh air with an efficiency that depends on the heat recovery unit used, yet easily exceeds 50%! (indirect evaporative cooling, IEC). All this means lower unit energy consumption and smaller dimensions and capacity of the cooling coil and chiller.
Buildings contribute over 40 % of the total global primary energy use corresponding to 24 % of
the CO2 emissions of the world (IEA 2008). Building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) systems are responsible for about half of the energy use in buildings.
A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power ElectronicsIJERA Editor
The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Bruni & Campisi offers services for different types of heating systems in Westchester and Connecticut. This slide explains the different heating system services available at Bruni & Campisi. To know more, call 914-574-2066 (NY) / 203-302-9118 (CT) or fax at 914-835-5783 or email at stephens@brucaminc.com. Visit us http://www.bruniandcampisi.com/
In this presentation we have discussed about temperature measuring instruments used in industry. Like Mechanical , electrical and non contact types instruments for measuring temperature
Heat pipes are Heat transfer devices. They are Hollow cylindrical pipes filled with a small amount of fluid that evaporates to produce heat. This heat is then rejected from another end for its application on industrial processes. For example, a heat pipe is used in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration application.
Presentation Hydrogen Technology Expo Bremen Oct 2022.pdfRoy Niekerk
Hydrogen Technology Expo in Bremen October 2022.
Central cooling systems for green hydrogen production plants.
Dry cooling, wet cooling and adiabatic cooling.
Production capacity bigger than 100MW. PEM electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis.
Enhancement of Specific Power Output of a Gas Turbine Using Filtered Chilled AirIOSR Journals
Conventionally the specific power output of the gas turbine can be increased using reheating and
intercooling. The thermal efficiency can be improved by adding a regenerating at lower pressure ratios. In the
present work the emphasis is given to enhance the specific power output by other means like reduction in the air
temperature at the inlet duct. The power output of the gas turbine has been estimated by allowing air at reduced
temperatures, step wise. The experiment is conducted till STP conditions are attained. The chiller coils are used
for inlet air cooling. The variation of power output with respect to temperature is also studied.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During
manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent
amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an
air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in
different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of
June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to
atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling
tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and
ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
“STUDY AND FABRICATION OF OUTDOOR MIST/FOG COOLING SYSTEM THROUGH HIGH PRESSU...SHAILESH SHUKLA
High pressure systems work so effectively because of the misting system pump. The pump pushes the water through 1/4″ lines to brass mist nozzles, producing microscopic droplets of water. The fine mist of water droplets hits the hot air and flash evaporates to cool the surrounding space upwards of 10-15 degrees.
Heat recovery single-room air handling unit for supply and exhaust ventilation.
Efficient energy-saving single-room ventilation of flats, houses, cottages, social and commercial premises.
Ideal solution for simple and efficient ventilation of new or refurbished premises.
Heat recovery minimises ventilation heat losses.
Controllable air exchange creates individually set microclimate
This paper introduces the subject of industrial cooling and discusses the most important energy savings that are possible in this area.
Cooling is very expensive, so it is important that it is used only where necessary, and that only the most efficient technology is used. For thermodynamic reasons, the energy efficiency of a cooling system increases with decreasing temperature differential. It is therefore crucial to keep this differential as low as possible.
Three main types of cooling systems prevail in industrial environments: dry cooling, evaporative cooling, and compression cooling. This paper explains their main working principles and characteristics. Other types, such as absorption cooling, gas expansion, and thermo-electric cooling, are not treated in this application guide because of their limited presence in industry.
Each system has its own application domain. The choice of the right cooling system is one of the important initial decisions that must be taken in order to achieve maximum energy efficiency. Furthermore, this paper discusses several specific energy saving actions for each of the three cooling systems.
Significant energy savings can be made by installing variable frequency drives on fans (dry cooling, evaporative cooling), pumps (evaporative cooling, compression cooling), and compressors (compression cooling).
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. Suggestion of Energy Saving with Spray Nozzles
Water
Drop
Water
Drop
Evaporation
HEAT HEAT
HEAT
By lowering temperature around fin for 3℃ ,
you can save about 5% of electricity!
P
oint
Plastic
High quality nozzle pursuing fine mist
Misting Nozzle (Plastic/Metal)
Mist Cooling Of Outdoor Equipment
Energy Saving Effect By Cooling Air Around The FinEnergy Saving Effect By Cooling Air Around The Fin
Outdoor equipment of air conditioning or cooling/freezing equipment
exhausts heat by exchanging ambient outside air and heat by fan (condenser).
When outside temperature becomes high in summer and heat exchange
efficiency decreases, electricity tends to be consumed more than required
because of its performance decline or overload operation.
By misting around the fin of outdoor equipment and lowering ambient
temperature using evaporation heat effect, you can bring the heat exhaust
efficiency to normal condition and minimize declining of operation efficiency
which will lead to electric saving effect.
Example of Electricity Saving
-Movement of Electricity Consumption Volume
by Ambient Temperature Outside-
Values are calculated from average value of 5 to 12HP and
24℃ suction temperature of indoor equipment, referring to
the feature of air conditioning performance of standard multi-
air conditioner for buildings.
Ambient Temperature Outside [℃]
25 30 35 40
ElectricityConsumption
Factor
0.5
1.5
1.0
Normalization of
operation efficiency
Prevent from
increasing temperature
by misting
Prevent increase
of electricity
consumption volume
HEAT
Overload operation
Increase of electric
consumption
Depressions of
< <Heat exhaust efficiency
Cooling Performance
Increase of
< <Outside temp.
Temp. of machine
P
o
P
o
P
int
Plastic
Misting Nozzle
Metal
Recommended
Products
What is
heat evaporation effect?!
Water draws heat from surroundings when
it evaporates and lowers the ambient temp.
"Fine droplet = Mist" evaporates in a short
time which is appropriate for cooling by
evaporation effect.
Sprays droplet size average 20
to 30μm mist.
Fine mist nozzle was developed
specializing in fine mist cooling
to achieve high cooling effect
with small liquid volume.
Installation to a narrow space is possible.
Regardless of manufacturer of air conditioning equipment,
it could be installed adjusting to your outdoor equipment.
Controlling water volume by intermittent
control or stopping operation when
unnecessary are possible.
Spraying Systems Co. reserves the right to make changes in specifications or design
of the products shown in the bulletin at any time without notice or obligation.
Please be careful when sprayed water hits the fin directly.
Dissolved component in water might adhere on the fin.
CAUTION !
![Suggestion of Energy Saving with Spray Nozzles
Water
Drop
Water
Drop
Evaporation
HEAT HEAT
HEAT
By lowering temperature around fin for 3℃ ,
you can save about 5% of electricity!
P
oint
Plastic
High quality nozzle pursuing fine mist
Misting Nozzle (Plastic/Metal)
Mist Cooling Of Outdoor Equipment
Energy Saving Effect By Cooling Air Around The FinEnergy Saving Effect By Cooling Air Around The Fin
Outdoor equipment of air conditioning or cooling/freezing equipment
exhausts heat by exchanging ambient outside air and heat by fan (condenser).
When outside temperature becomes high in summer and heat exchange
efficiency decreases, electricity tends to be consumed more than required
because of its performance decline or overload operation.
By misting around the fin of outdoor equipment and lowering ambient
temperature using evaporation heat effect, you can bring the heat exhaust
efficiency to normal condition and minimize declining of operation efficiency
which will lead to electric saving effect.
Example of Electricity Saving
-Movement of Electricity Consumption Volume
by Ambient Temperature Outside-
Values are calculated from average value of 5 to 12HP and
24℃ suction temperature of indoor equipment, referring to
the feature of air conditioning performance of standard multi-
air conditioner for buildings.
Ambient Temperature Outside [℃]
25 30 35 40
ElectricityConsumption
Factor
0.5
1.5
1.0
Normalization of
operation efficiency
Prevent from
increasing temperature
by misting
Prevent increase
of electricity
consumption volume
HEAT
Overload operation
Increase of electric
consumption
Depressions of
< <Heat exhaust efficiency
Cooling Performance
Increase of
< <Outside temp.
Temp. of machine
P
o
P
o
P
int
Plastic
Misting Nozzle
Metal
Recommended
Products
What is
heat evaporation effect?!
Water draws heat from surroundings when
it evaporates and lowers the ambient temp.
"Fine droplet = Mist" evaporates in a short
time which is appropriate for cooling by
evaporation effect.
Sprays droplet size average 20
to 30μm mist.
Fine mist nozzle was developed
specializing in fine mist cooling
to achieve high cooling effect
with small liquid volume.
Installation to a narrow space is possible.
Regardless of manufacturer of air conditioning equipment,
it could be installed adjusting to your outdoor equipment.
Controlling water volume by intermittent
control or stopping operation when
unnecessary are possible.
Spraying Systems Co. reserves the right to make changes in specifications or design
of the products shown in the bulletin at any time without notice or obligation.
Please be careful when sprayed water hits the fin directly.
Dissolved component in water might adhere on the fin.
CAUTION !](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2mistcoolingoutdoorequipment-200831211841/85/2-mist-cooling-outdoor-equipment-1-320.jpg)
