This document discusses the macroscopic and microscopic approaches in thermodynamics. The macroscopic approach examines the total energy a system possesses with respect to external frames of reference, such as kinetic and potential energies. The microscopic approach considers the molecular structure and activity within a system independent of outside influences. Energy can exist in many forms, both within a system and between a system and its environment. Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of molecules in a system and is a measure of heat. Pressure is defined as the external force per unit area on the boundaries of a system, which results from the transfer of molecular momentum at the boundaries.

1. Prof. Anand Joshi
THERMODYNAMICS
Basic Concepts
Macroscopic and Microscopic approach

2. Prof. Anand Joshi
WHAT?
Macroscopic and Microscopic approach
Its An Approach To Study Any
Thermodynamics Property.
Our Interest Is In Energy.
&
Other properties are,
Temperature
&
Pressure

3. Prof. Anand Joshi
Macroscopic & Microscopic approach
The Macroscopic Forms Of Energy are those a
system possesses as a whole with respect to some outside
reference frame, such as kinetic and potential energies.
The Microscopic Forms Of Energy are those related to
the molecular structure of a system and the degree of the
molecular activity, and they are independent of outside
reference frames.
Energy
can exist in
numerous
forms such as
Thermal,
Mechanical,
Kinetic,
Potential,
Electric,
Magnetic,
Chemical,
&
Nuclear,
& their sum
constitutes the
Total Energy
(E)of a System
No Absolute Value & Hence Change Is Considered

4. Prof. Anand Joshi
Macroscopic & Microscopic approach
TEMPERATURE:
Average Kinetic Energy
Of The Molecule
.
It’s A Measure Of The
Heat Of The Body
TEMPERATURE

5. Prof. Anand Joshi
Macroscopic & Microscopic approach
PRESSURE
External Normal Force
per unit Area.
.
Average Momentum
Transfer By molecules of
the Boundary.
PRESSURE

6. Prof. Anand Joshi
Thermodynamics System & Types
THANK YOU