Himachal Pradesh has a higher human development ranking than Punjab despite having a lower per capita income. This is because Himachal Pradesh has better health and education indicators, such as lower infant mortality rates and higher literacy rates. While per capita income is useful for comparing average incomes between countries, it does not provide information about how income is distributed or capture other important aspects of development like education and health. Government provision of schools and other facilities is important for improving development outcomes, as seen in Himachal Pradesh where the government prioritized education to boost literacy rates.
Released the nationality of the nationpra_yoga2305
Integrity is a manifestation of the integrity of the Nation's moral and ethical principles. Beginning with the disappearance of the Pancasila position and the weakening of legal sanctions, which are the most visible manifestations of state power in carrying out obligations are inadequate in terminating acts of corruption. One thing that needs to be instilled in
everyone, especially youth, at this time is an attitude of integrity. Integrity in every person who truly has the heart to change this Nation and country. Trimming bureaucracy or restructuring the administration also cannot guarantee a change for this Nation. Integrity is a small thing that
is often ignored by many people, but in it, there is one high power that can change this Nation. Youth plays a vital role in upholding the independence of the Nation and state. The child who has pro-Indonesian thoughts and who fear God in every step to make changes to Indonesia.
S8c1 chapter 1 facts and figures in education.Shivu P
Education is the transfer of the acquired knowledge and skill necessary to lead the life from elders to the younger and visa versa and it is as old as the existence of life on this earth. The definitions, the borders, the nomenclature, the methods, the analyzing system, the quality, the quantity has changed over period, with different velocity at different places with new dimensions as the science progressed and as the society changed accepting things after debating and analyzing the right and wrong, and the usefulness of the same.
In this chapter some of the advantages in the present system of education, research base in education, influence of education on the social and economic development, various government policies in the process of providing education to its people, quality of education in different places, factors which retains the students in education or make them dropout, world class best school for few and poor school for many, factors which forces the children to become child labor and its effect on their education, the national literacy rates, private school and the government school, influence of socioeconomic status on the selection of school, geographical access to the school, language selection in education, transition rations in education from one stage to other (example from primary to higher primary education), teachers and infrastructures in school, place of living of the teachers and their preference of school for their children, training to the teachers, higher education in developing countries, role of stigma in education, the university system in higher education, and so on are mentioned. How we can solve some of the problems in these fields are also expressed in short.
Released the nationality of the nationpra_yoga2305
Integrity is a manifestation of the integrity of the Nation's moral and ethical principles. Beginning with the disappearance of the Pancasila position and the weakening of legal sanctions, which are the most visible manifestations of state power in carrying out obligations are inadequate in terminating acts of corruption. One thing that needs to be instilled in
everyone, especially youth, at this time is an attitude of integrity. Integrity in every person who truly has the heart to change this Nation and country. Trimming bureaucracy or restructuring the administration also cannot guarantee a change for this Nation. Integrity is a small thing that
is often ignored by many people, but in it, there is one high power that can change this Nation. Youth plays a vital role in upholding the independence of the Nation and state. The child who has pro-Indonesian thoughts and who fear God in every step to make changes to Indonesia.
S8c1 chapter 1 facts and figures in education.Shivu P
Education is the transfer of the acquired knowledge and skill necessary to lead the life from elders to the younger and visa versa and it is as old as the existence of life on this earth. The definitions, the borders, the nomenclature, the methods, the analyzing system, the quality, the quantity has changed over period, with different velocity at different places with new dimensions as the science progressed and as the society changed accepting things after debating and analyzing the right and wrong, and the usefulness of the same.
In this chapter some of the advantages in the present system of education, research base in education, influence of education on the social and economic development, various government policies in the process of providing education to its people, quality of education in different places, factors which retains the students in education or make them dropout, world class best school for few and poor school for many, factors which forces the children to become child labor and its effect on their education, the national literacy rates, private school and the government school, influence of socioeconomic status on the selection of school, geographical access to the school, language selection in education, transition rations in education from one stage to other (example from primary to higher primary education), teachers and infrastructures in school, place of living of the teachers and their preference of school for their children, training to the teachers, higher education in developing countries, role of stigma in education, the university system in higher education, and so on are mentioned. How we can solve some of the problems in these fields are also expressed in short.
Unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us.
In this world, fear has no place.
Only strength respects strength.
http://indiannanodevices.spaces.live.com
Dream the Change! Be the Change!
Notes About chapter-2 Economics People as Resources
It will be very useful to class 9 student/ Secondary School student to gain the knowledge upon the economy of the India. If you have some doubt then drop down a comment I will try to respond early and also make you clear the doubt on the particular Topic.
Thank you.
Children in any society constitute the most vulnerable group which needs ‘protection’ and is a responsibility of the state as well as the members of the society. Despite some commendable efforts and achievements of the Indian state, it is an explicit fact that the majority of children in India are suffering, deprived of basic resources and needs for an average human existence. Due to their own incapacity to fight for their rights, the ‘unprotected child’ in India is a collective failure of the Indian.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Awareness Needed to Protect the Child Rights in Indiaijtsrd
India comprises of a huge amount of Population. Among the huge population more than half comprises of children. Children are most beautiful gift of the society. And the rights that should be given to the children that are not being provided to them properly, they are deprived of their rights. That is the biggest problem of India which makes India lag behind. So to make our country more developed and strong awareness should be provided to the people of India. Awareness should also be provided so that the children can enjoy their rights as well as their childhood. The motive of my research is that mainly the rights of education is being violated in a large extent today, child labour is also in a great force in India children below the age of 14 are found working in hazardous places which is strictly prohibited by article 24 of the constitution, child marriage is still prevailing in many places of India. So there is a much need for the awareness to be provided in order to protect the child being deprived of their rights as they are future of our society and no one has the right to snatch it from them. I am going to adopt the doctrine research methodology for my research. The datas and informations will be provided from a relevant source. From this research it will be helpful for me to give some suggestions as well as relevant solutions regarding the problem. Kuheli Bhattacharya"Awareness Needed to Protect the Child Rights in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12765.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/12765/awareness-needed-to-protect-the-child-rights-in-india/kuheli-bhattacharya
Taru Foundation Strategic Plan FY20_FY23_2020-2023NitinDewangan6
This document will provide insight about the Organization Vision and Development Strategies. This will also give the understanding of the various Program Objectives, Theory of Change and Project outputs, Expected Outcomes and Impact mapping. Financial Structure and SWAT analysis will address the current requirements to Taru.
This document is prepared by Team Taru Foundation with the guidance and support of the senior advisory members. I would like to thank all the Team Members for the support and looking forward to intense engagement and escalate the Growth Communications
Regards,
Nitin Dewangan
Founder Director
Taru Foundation
+91 9665006195
nitin.dewangan@tarufoundation.com
Youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow, but also the partners of today. Young people are social actors of change and progress. They are a crucial segment of a nation's development. Their contribution, therefore, is highly needed.
Legislative provision with Respect to Child Labourijtsrd
From several decades, legislation of India has tried to control and regulate labour. For several decades in India, laws exist to regulate and control to child labour. The main concern of the legislation was to regulate working hours for children, to prescribe the lowest age limit for working of children, to ensure the life, health of the child workers, and to restrict the working of children in dangerous work. Child Labour legislations are which restrict the working of children below the age group of 14 years and 15 years in some of the prescribed occupations. In absence of provisions to resolve the problem and due to lack of political will, the number of child labour in total labour force of the Nation is keeping on increasing. Since, 1881, an oversized numbers of laws were enacted that gives the legal protection to the operating youngsters. The Child Pledging of Labour Act, 1933 followed by the Employment of Child Act, 1986. Various recommendations given by a series of Commissions and because of which Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986 enacted. Meenu ""Legislative provision with Respect to Child Labour"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23518.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/23518/legislative-provision-with-respect-to-child-labour/meenu
Future of Work – Preparing for Disruptions: Indian context
How India is gearing up in Preparations and towards supporting the Workforce??
Introduction :
Changing nature of work has created disruptions, discontinuities as well as opportunities.
This is not seen in some selected countries but across the world, be it a developed country, or a developing country.
Like any other country, India has its own unique set of challenges in preparing and supporting its workforce from a governance point of view.
Take the case of India, thanks to globalization and IT revolution, India became the back office of the world , with “Bangalored”, a euphemism , which signifies job loss elsewhere in the developed economy entering the oxford Dictionary
Governments in pursuit of economic growth love to invest in physical capital
far less interested in investing in human capital, which is the sum total of a population’s health, skills, knowledge, experience, and habits. That’s a mistake many countries made, the case for India was slightly different thanks to “ Nehruvian socialism” in the post-independence era.
In the recent years this has only been further augmented with opening up of the economy further and leveraging of automation/ innovation across sectors. Today India is at the forefront in terms of technical education and English speaking population with the right skills for the global demand in new forms of employment.
While all this is true in terms of progress, for the size of India with a Billion plus population, it is equally disheartening to find that the informal sector has only increased if not lesser with more than 75% of the population still in the informal side with no benefits and protection.
Governments have an important role to play in fostering human capital acquisition.
Fortunately for India since independence significant progress has been made on 3 fronts:
1. Formal Jobs
2. Education access
3. Health care
Today’s governments across the world have a more definite role to play in the area of social inclusion and life long learning facilitation for it’s work force and population as a whole.
with the help of world wide social organisations, Governments, and societies at large. All need to work in tandem, in order to Benefit from the torrential opportunities, thanks to new technologies and disruptive innovations, unseen in the history of mankind, Can lead to prosperity and health for most if not all
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights are:
1) Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat announces Budget 2019, which focuses on investing in a skilled workforce, building deep enterprise capabilities and strengthening the national social fabric.
2) NIE has developed a new guide “Supporting children in their transition to Primary 1: A guide for teachers and parents in Singapore”. Link to guide: http://bit.ly/fromK2toP1
3) Updates to the progressive wage model (PWM) for the landscape sector mean that workers will get a bonus and wage boost.
We hope that you find the information useful in assisting you in your efforts.
DEVELOPMENT
What is Development –
What Development Promises – Different People Different Goal
Income And Other Goal
National Development
How To Compare Different Countries Or States
Income And Other Criteria
Public Facilities
Sustainability of Development
ncert cbse class 10ecinomics
Unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us.
In this world, fear has no place.
Only strength respects strength.
http://indiannanodevices.spaces.live.com
Dream the Change! Be the Change!
Notes About chapter-2 Economics People as Resources
It will be very useful to class 9 student/ Secondary School student to gain the knowledge upon the economy of the India. If you have some doubt then drop down a comment I will try to respond early and also make you clear the doubt on the particular Topic.
Thank you.
Children in any society constitute the most vulnerable group which needs ‘protection’ and is a responsibility of the state as well as the members of the society. Despite some commendable efforts and achievements of the Indian state, it is an explicit fact that the majority of children in India are suffering, deprived of basic resources and needs for an average human existence. Due to their own incapacity to fight for their rights, the ‘unprotected child’ in India is a collective failure of the Indian.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Awareness Needed to Protect the Child Rights in Indiaijtsrd
India comprises of a huge amount of Population. Among the huge population more than half comprises of children. Children are most beautiful gift of the society. And the rights that should be given to the children that are not being provided to them properly, they are deprived of their rights. That is the biggest problem of India which makes India lag behind. So to make our country more developed and strong awareness should be provided to the people of India. Awareness should also be provided so that the children can enjoy their rights as well as their childhood. The motive of my research is that mainly the rights of education is being violated in a large extent today, child labour is also in a great force in India children below the age of 14 are found working in hazardous places which is strictly prohibited by article 24 of the constitution, child marriage is still prevailing in many places of India. So there is a much need for the awareness to be provided in order to protect the child being deprived of their rights as they are future of our society and no one has the right to snatch it from them. I am going to adopt the doctrine research methodology for my research. The datas and informations will be provided from a relevant source. From this research it will be helpful for me to give some suggestions as well as relevant solutions regarding the problem. Kuheli Bhattacharya"Awareness Needed to Protect the Child Rights in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12765.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/12765/awareness-needed-to-protect-the-child-rights-in-india/kuheli-bhattacharya
Taru Foundation Strategic Plan FY20_FY23_2020-2023NitinDewangan6
This document will provide insight about the Organization Vision and Development Strategies. This will also give the understanding of the various Program Objectives, Theory of Change and Project outputs, Expected Outcomes and Impact mapping. Financial Structure and SWAT analysis will address the current requirements to Taru.
This document is prepared by Team Taru Foundation with the guidance and support of the senior advisory members. I would like to thank all the Team Members for the support and looking forward to intense engagement and escalate the Growth Communications
Regards,
Nitin Dewangan
Founder Director
Taru Foundation
+91 9665006195
nitin.dewangan@tarufoundation.com
Youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow, but also the partners of today. Young people are social actors of change and progress. They are a crucial segment of a nation's development. Their contribution, therefore, is highly needed.
Legislative provision with Respect to Child Labourijtsrd
From several decades, legislation of India has tried to control and regulate labour. For several decades in India, laws exist to regulate and control to child labour. The main concern of the legislation was to regulate working hours for children, to prescribe the lowest age limit for working of children, to ensure the life, health of the child workers, and to restrict the working of children in dangerous work. Child Labour legislations are which restrict the working of children below the age group of 14 years and 15 years in some of the prescribed occupations. In absence of provisions to resolve the problem and due to lack of political will, the number of child labour in total labour force of the Nation is keeping on increasing. Since, 1881, an oversized numbers of laws were enacted that gives the legal protection to the operating youngsters. The Child Pledging of Labour Act, 1933 followed by the Employment of Child Act, 1986. Various recommendations given by a series of Commissions and because of which Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986 enacted. Meenu ""Legislative provision with Respect to Child Labour"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23518.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/23518/legislative-provision-with-respect-to-child-labour/meenu
Future of Work – Preparing for Disruptions: Indian context
How India is gearing up in Preparations and towards supporting the Workforce??
Introduction :
Changing nature of work has created disruptions, discontinuities as well as opportunities.
This is not seen in some selected countries but across the world, be it a developed country, or a developing country.
Like any other country, India has its own unique set of challenges in preparing and supporting its workforce from a governance point of view.
Take the case of India, thanks to globalization and IT revolution, India became the back office of the world , with “Bangalored”, a euphemism , which signifies job loss elsewhere in the developed economy entering the oxford Dictionary
Governments in pursuit of economic growth love to invest in physical capital
far less interested in investing in human capital, which is the sum total of a population’s health, skills, knowledge, experience, and habits. That’s a mistake many countries made, the case for India was slightly different thanks to “ Nehruvian socialism” in the post-independence era.
In the recent years this has only been further augmented with opening up of the economy further and leveraging of automation/ innovation across sectors. Today India is at the forefront in terms of technical education and English speaking population with the right skills for the global demand in new forms of employment.
While all this is true in terms of progress, for the size of India with a Billion plus population, it is equally disheartening to find that the informal sector has only increased if not lesser with more than 75% of the population still in the informal side with no benefits and protection.
Governments have an important role to play in fostering human capital acquisition.
Fortunately for India since independence significant progress has been made on 3 fronts:
1. Formal Jobs
2. Education access
3. Health care
Today’s governments across the world have a more definite role to play in the area of social inclusion and life long learning facilitation for it’s work force and population as a whole.
with the help of world wide social organisations, Governments, and societies at large. All need to work in tandem, in order to Benefit from the torrential opportunities, thanks to new technologies and disruptive innovations, unseen in the history of mankind, Can lead to prosperity and health for most if not all
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights are:
1) Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat announces Budget 2019, which focuses on investing in a skilled workforce, building deep enterprise capabilities and strengthening the national social fabric.
2) NIE has developed a new guide “Supporting children in their transition to Primary 1: A guide for teachers and parents in Singapore”. Link to guide: http://bit.ly/fromK2toP1
3) Updates to the progressive wage model (PWM) for the landscape sector mean that workers will get a bonus and wage boost.
We hope that you find the information useful in assisting you in your efforts.
DEVELOPMENT
What is Development –
What Development Promises – Different People Different Goal
Income And Other Goal
National Development
How To Compare Different Countries Or States
Income And Other Criteria
Public Facilities
Sustainability of Development
ncert cbse class 10ecinomics
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
Education in india and Women Empowermentkunalgate125
This the outcome of my 6 months of research on the state of Education in India with an emphasis on Education of girl child and women and discusses related issues and roadmap for further educational reform focusing on quality and not just quantity.
Any comments and suggestions are welcome..!
my final project "digital artifact" for the World Bank group online course - The future of work - preparing for disruption. Its a ppt that talks of developing human capital index by the way of paying emphasis on Early Childhood Development especially in context of India. Suggestions which would help have also been made.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
2. ideas of development
1. Ideas of Development
Key Words:
1. Per Caption Income: The total national income divided by the number of people in
the Nation. Per Capita income is a measure of mean income within an economic
aggregate, such as a Country. The per Capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is
especially useful when Comparing one Country to another becomes it shows the
relation performance of the Countries. A rise in per capita GDP signals growth in the
economy and tends to translate as an increase in productivity. The average income is
also called per Capita Income.
2. Human Development: Pre-fixing ‘Human’ to ‘Development’, it has made it clear
that what is happening to the citizens of a Country is important in development.
People, their health and their well-being. Life expectancy at birth, education and Per
Capita income are most important. Health and Education indicators have come to be
widely along with income as a measure of development. UNDP compares countries
based on the educational leered of the people their health status and Per Capita
income.
3. Public Facilities: The facilities like roads, electricity, health and educational
instaurations, rations shops provided by government.
4. Education and Health Indicators: Human development Index has tried to expand
the notion of development to include the social indicators of health and education.
Government provision is the only way of improving health and education states for
all. Education is the key component of human development. The state of being free
from illness is health.
Key Points:
1. Different persons can have different development goals and what may be
development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be
destructive for the other.
2. People desire are regular work, better ways, and decent price for their crops or other
products. That they produce. People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom,
security and respect from others.
3. The development goals that people have are not only about better income but also
about other important things in life.
2. 4. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or
run a business.
5. We compare Countries based on the average income, which is total income of the
country divided by total population. The average income is also called per capita
income.
6. World Bank classified countries with per capita income of US 12,600 and above per
annum in 2012 are called high income countries and those with per capita income of
US 1,035 or less per annum in 2012 are called how income countries.
7. The development countries are rich countries excluding countries of West Asia and
certain other small countries.
8. Now India falls under the category of middle income countries. But, Sri Lanka is
much a head of India in every indicator of development.
9. Out of 1000 live Children born, the number of Children who die with one year is
called ‘Infant Mortality Rate’.
10. The percentage of literate population above 7 years age is called ‘Literacy Rate’.
11. Out of total number of children in age group 6-17, the percentage of children
attending school is called ‘Net Attendance Rate’.
12. In Bihar half the children of school going age do not attend school. In Himachal
Pradesh out of 1000 children born alive, 36 died before completing one year of age in
the year 2006.
13. ‘Life expectancy’ at birth denotes the average expected length of life of a person at
the time of birth.
14. Money cannot buy a pollution free environment or ensure that you get Unadulterated
medicines. Unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all the these
things.
15. Income and per capita income. Though very often, is only one aspect of development.
Distribution of income can be very unequal even when over all incomes rise.
Long Questions & Answers
1.Usually behind each social phenomenon there would be several contributing factors,
and not one. What in your opinion are the factors that came together for the
development of schooling in Himachal Pradesh?
1. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that many need to live well. Income by itself
is not a completely adequate indicator of maternal goods and services that citizens are able to
use. Many people believe that government should open schools and provide other facilities so
that all children have a chance to study.
2. Factors for ‘the echoing revolution in Himachal Pradesh’ are
a) Both the government of Himachal Pradesh and the people of the state were keen on
education.
b) The government of Himachal Pradesh stated schools and made sure that education was
largely free of Cost.
c) It tried to ensure that these schools had at least the minimum facilities of Teachers, Class
rooms, Toilets , drinking water etc,. As the years went by, these facilities were improved and
expanded.
d) More schools were opened and teachers were appointed so that many more children could
study easily.
e) Himachal Pradesh has the distinction of one of the highest spending from the government
3. budget on education of each child.
f) The norm in Himachal Pradesh has come to be at least 10 years of schooling for children.
g) A welcome trend in Himachal Pradesh is the lower gender bias. Himachal parents have
ambitious educational goals for their girls, Just as for their boys.
h) Himachal mothers expect their daughters to work out side home after marriage. Schooling
therefore comes naturally and has become a social norm.
i) In year 2005. Himachal Pradesh was spending Rs.2.005 per child on their education.
2.Do you think there are certain other aspects, other than those discussed in the chapter
that should be considered in measuring human development?
1. People are the real wealth of a nation. The basic objective of development is to create
on enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.
Other Aspects of Human Development:
2. Production of war equipment like nuclear weapons. The production of which trends to
lower social welfare, should be reduced. More secure livelihoods. Protection from
natural calamities.
3. Proper work and leisure ratio to be maintained. There must be constitutional
Protections to the work force. Better working conditions.
4. Equitable distribution of income within the society. Distributional justice with equity.
5. Better nutritional and health services and Food security.
6. Greater access to Knowledge.
7. Security against crime and physical violence.
8. The availability of public utility services like
a) Electricity
b) Transportation facilities
c) Clean safe drinking water
d) Good housing and sanitation etc.
9. Freedom and human rights. Participating in activities.
10. Standard of living, are other aspects of Human development.
3. Why do you think parents accord less priority to girls education as compared to
boys? Discuss ?
1. In many parts of the country girl’s education is still given less priority by parents
compared to boy’s education. While girls may study for a few classes, they may not
complete their schooling.
2. The main reason this is gender bias. Parents believe that boy is their heir and spreads
their clan. Parents do not have attritions educational goals for their girls when
compared to their boys.
3. In rural areas girls are engaged in taking care of their smaller siblings. They are
married off at early ages, which prevents their education.
4. The negative attitude of parents towards the girl child and her education. In most of
the families boys at home are given priority in terms of education.
5. Parents do not consider girls as earning members of their family, as after marriage
they have to leave their parents home. So, their education is just considered as a
wastage of money.
4. 6. Poverty is the root cause of many problems in India. Rural indebtedness is also cause
for less priority to girls education by the parents.
7. In most of the rural areas lack of adequate school facilities is another reason for this
less priority to girls education. Parents do not prefer to send girls to schools if they are
located at a far distance from their village or home.
8. Himachal women are themselves employed independent and self. Confident. They
expect their daughters to work out side home after marriage. Schooling therefore
comes naturally and has becomes a social norm. There the gender baseless.
9. Education to both girls and boys are essential. Hence, the parents must think like
Himachal women. There should not be any gender bias as education is the key
component of human development.
4. Right to education Act, 2009 (RTE) declares that all children of 6 to 14 years age have
the right to free education. And the government has to ensure building of sufficient
schools in the neighborhood, appoint properly qualified teachers and make all
necessary provisions. In the light of what you have read in this chapter and already
know, discuss and delete the importance of this Act for (i) Children, and (ii) Human
Development.
I The Importance of the RTE for Children:
1. Government of India brought Right to Education Act in 2009. The act makes
education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6-14 years.
2. The government will provide schooling free – of- cost.
3. It mandates all private schools to reserve 25% of seats to children.
4. It prohibits all unrecognized schools from practice and makes for no capitation fees
and no in fees view of the children or parent for admission, etc.
5. A child who completes elementary education shall be awards a certificate.
6. Improvement in the Quality of education is important. Teachers will need proper
professional degree.
7. Infrastructure in the school need to be improved. The financial burden will be shared
by both state and the central governments.
8. The act is the prime legislation that fixs the responsibility of ensuring enrollment,
attendance and completion on the government.
II For Human Development.
1. Education is the key component of human development. It serves as a building block to get
a quality elementary education.
2. The state with the help of all commentates should fulfill this obligation. It is essential for
the development of the society as a whole.
Short Answer Questions:
1. What main criterion is used by the World Bank in classifying different countries?
What are the limitations of the above criterion, if any?
1. The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is the Per
Capita Income. The total income divided by the total population in the country we get the
average income. The average income is also called per capita income.
5. Limitations of the criterion:
2. It does not tell us how this average income is distributed among the people in the country.
3. Countries with the same per capita income might be very different with regard to income
distribution.
4. Many countries with the same per capita income have different stranded of livings.
These are other aspects should be consider in measuring human development.
2. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development
different from the one used by the World Bank?
1. UNDP (United Nations Development Program me) used the criterion of Human
Development Index for measuring development of different countries.
2. UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status
and per capita income.
3. World Bank compares countries based on the per capita income.
4. UNDP measures the development of the people on the following aspects. They are
a. Life Expectancy at birth
b. Average years of schooling
c. Health states
d. Per capita income etc.
5. Thus UNDP’s criterion gives us a clear- cut information.
3. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations for their used illustrate with your
own examples related to development?
1. The Total income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. For
Comparison among countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries
have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average people is
likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the
country divided by its total population.
2. There are certain limitations for using per caption income for comparing countries. They
are
a. It enables to show how income is distributed among the people of the country.
b. Some important aspects of Human development like Infant Mortality rate, literacy rate, net
attendance of schooling etc. are not considered while calculating per capita income.
c. The Socio- Economic disparities will not be taken into considered while computing per
capita income.
4. What lessons can you draw about the importance of income from the fact that
Himachal Pradesh with lower per capita income has a better human development
ranking than Punjab?
1. Punjab has highest per capita income than Himachal Pradesh. So, if per capita income were
to be used as the measure of development, Punjab world be considered the most
development.
2. In Himachal Pradesh out of 1000 children born alive, 36 died before completing one year
of age. In Punjab the proportion of children dying within one year of birth is 42. The literacy
rate of Himachal Pradesh is 84 and the net attendance rate is 90. Therefore, in spite of low per
capita income Himachal Pradesh has better human development. It has better health and
educational facilities than Punjab.
6. 5. Based on the figures in Table 6, fill the following:
Out of every 100 girls above 6 years of age, _____ girls had studied beyond the primary level
Himachal Pradesh in year 1993. By year 2006, this proportion reached ___________ out of
100. For India as a whole, the proportion of boys. Who had studied beyond primary level was
only _________ Out of 100 in year 2006.
A. Out of every 100 girls above 6 years of age, 39 girls had studied beyond the primary level
in Himachal Pradesh in year 1993. By year 2006, this proportion reached 60 out of 100. For
India as a whole, the Proportion of boys who had studied beyond primary level was only 57
out of 100 in year 2006.
6. What is the per capita income of Himachal Pradesh? Do you think higher income can
make it easier for parents to send children to school? Discuss. Why was necessity for
government to run schools in Himachal Pradesh?
1. Himachal Pradesh per capita income is 74,000. Yes, I think higher incomes can make it
easier to send children to school.
2. At the time of Indian independence. Himachal Pradesh had very low levels of education.
Being a hilly region spread of schools in the rural areas was a big challenge. Hence, if is
necessary for government to run schools in Himachal Pradesh.
7. What is the relationship between women’s work outside their homes and gender
bias?
1. Working women are economically independent and self – confident. They have greater say
in household decisions. They can make decisions in children’s education, health etc,.
2. They expect their daughters to work outside home after marriage. There is inverse
relationship between working women and gender bias. There is lower gender bias with
women’s work outside their homed.