its about a major scam happened in India in recent years.. Its called " 2G SCAM " .
I created a ppt on it in my school days... and i want to spread the same knowledge to everyone out there..
its about a major scam happened in India in recent years.. Its called " 2G SCAM " .
I created a ppt on it in my school days... and i want to spread the same knowledge to everyone out there..
2G spectrum scam took place in India in late 2000’s which involved politicians and government officials who tried illegal undercharging mobile telephone companies for frequency allocation licenses, which they would then use to create 2G spectrum subscriptions for mobiles. The entire process of allocation of UAS licences lacked transparency and was undertaken in an arbitrary, unfair and inequitable manner.
This presentation gives the details of the 2G spectrum scam done in india. Its a brief and detailed presentation along with the notes in each slides which provide the extra information
This paper is a brief representation of facts and analysis of 2G spectrum scam
This paper is a case study to the subject – 2G Spectrum Scam. The paper starts with a brief introduction to basic term like spectrum, 2G. It then sets the context of the case with discussing background. We then discuss the core of matter, defining the scam, role played by various regulatory bodies and the current state of affairs along with latest proceedings. Finally, we reflect upon the case with a brief analysis.
2G spectrum scam took place in India in late 2000’s which involved politicians and government officials who tried illegal undercharging mobile telephone companies for frequency allocation licenses, which they would then use to create 2G spectrum subscriptions for mobiles. The entire process of allocation of UAS licences lacked transparency and was undertaken in an arbitrary, unfair and inequitable manner.
This presentation gives the details of the 2G spectrum scam done in india. Its a brief and detailed presentation along with the notes in each slides which provide the extra information
This paper is a brief representation of facts and analysis of 2G spectrum scam
This paper is a case study to the subject – 2G Spectrum Scam. The paper starts with a brief introduction to basic term like spectrum, 2G. It then sets the context of the case with discussing background. We then discuss the core of matter, defining the scam, role played by various regulatory bodies and the current state of affairs along with latest proceedings. Finally, we reflect upon the case with a brief analysis.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. The 2G spectrum scam involved officials and ministers in the Government of
India illegally undercharging mobile telephony companies for frequency allocation licenses,
which they would use to create 2G subscriptions for cell phones. According to a report
submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General based on money collected
from 3G licenses, the loss to the exchequer was 176,379 crore (US$38.27 billion). The
issuing of the 2G licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when
the Indian Income Tax Department investigated political lobbyist Niira Radia and
the Supreme Court of India took Subramaniam Swamy's complaints on record [With Case
type: Writ Petition (Civil),Case No:10, Year:2011].[1] The case details of the main PIL filed
with the supreme court is Typewritten Petition (Civil),Case No:423, Year:2010.
In 2008, the Income Tax department, after orders from the ministry of Home and the
PMO, began tapping the phones of Niira Radia. This was done to help with an ongoing
investigation into a case where it was alleged that Niira Radia had acted as a spy.[3]
Some of the many conversations recorded over 300 days were leaked to the media. The
intense controversy around the leaked tapes, became known in the media as the Radia
tapes controversy. The tapes featured some explosive conversations between Politicians,
Journalists and Corporate Houses. Politicians from Karunanidhi to Arun Jaitley, journalists
like Barkha Dutt and Vir Sanghvi and Industrial groups like the Tata's were either participants
or mentioned in these explosive tapes.
3. Politicians involved
Manmohan Singh, - Prime Minister of India from heading the ruling UPA government led
by the Congress, who is accused of not acting on removing Raja, the main accused in the
scam in spite of Finance minister Chidambaram's warning to him .In a note to the PM on
January 15, 2008, Chidambaram had reiterated the finance ministry's suggestion to auction
spectrum as the price would be based on scarcity value. He then went on to suggest this
could be used as one-time for additional spectrum.
A. Raja - the Ex-Minister of Communications and Information Technology who was the
minister when the controversial second round of spectrum allocations took place. Mr.
Raja, an
MP of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam from the Nilgiris constituency, was forced to resign
following the public outcry.
Arun Shourie - the minister for Telecom during 2003 in the previous BJP regime. It was
Arun Shourie who introduced the controversial technology neutral "Unified Access(both Basic
& Cellular) Services License", which allowed fixed line operators who had paid much lower
license fees to offer mobile phone services, at first in the limited WLL mode (Wireless local
loop) and later, following an out of court settlement between mobile operators and the BJP
govt, full mobility. This gave an advantage to players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices who
managed to get mobile spectrum without paying the hefty fees that earlier operators like BPL
Mobile had paid.
4. Bureaucrats involved
Siddhartha Behura - former telecom secretary who served in the DOT at
the time of the 2G allocation.
Pradip Baijal - a bureaucrat who is alleged to have implemented policies that
favored certain Telecom companies when he was heading the TRAI. Post
retirement, Baijal joined Noesis, a consulting firm. Raja has made references to
Baijal's decisions in 2003 as the basis for his decisions in 2008. The houses and
offices of the bureaucrat were recently when raided by the Central Bureau of
Investigation as part of their investigations.
R K Chandolia - private secretary of Raja during UPA-I when the licences were
awarded. He was an Indian Economic Service officer of the 1984 batch
cadre. When Raja became the Telecom Minister once again in UPA-II, Chandolia
had been promoted to the Joint Secretary rank. Raja re-designated him Economic
Adviser, that gave him the charge of all important policy-related work. Chandolia
interacted with all the licensees. It is said that it was Chandolia who, from DDG-
access services A K Srivastava's room, had handed out letters of intent to
representatives of various companies
5. Corporations Corporative
involved
personalities
involved Unitech
Swan
Loop Mobile
Videocon
Telecommunications
S Tel
Reliance Communications
Sistema Shyam Mobile
Tata Communications
Vodafone Essar
Dishnet Wireless
Allianz Infra
Anil Ambani - Reliance
Group (ADAG)
Shahid Balwa - DB Realty
and DB Etisalat (formerly
Swan Telecom)
Prashant Ruia - Essar
Group
6. Response to Scam
In early November 2010 Jayalalithaa accused the Tamil Nadu state chief
minister M Karunanidhi of protecting A. Raja from corruption charges and called for
A. Raja's resignation. By mid November A. Raja resigned.
In mid November the comptroller Vinod Rai issued show-cause notices to
Unitech, S Tel, Loop Mobile, Datacom (Videocon), and Etisalat to respond to his assertion
that all of the 85 licenses granted to these companies did not have the up-front capital
required at the time of the application and were in other ways illegal. Some media sources
have speculated that these companies will receive large fines but not have their licenses
revoked, as they are currently providing some consumer service.
In response to the various allegations , the Govt of India has replaced the then
incumbent Telecom minister ,A Raja with Kapil Sibal who has taken up this charge in addition
to being the Union minister for Human Resources Development. Mr Sibal contends that the
"notional" losses quoted are a result of erroneous calculations and insists that the actual
losses are nil.
The CBI conducted raids on Raja and four other telecom officials - former telecom
secretary Siddharth Behura, Raja's personal secretary R K Chandolia, member telecom K
Sridhar and DoT deputy director general A K Srivastava on 8 December 2010.
Raja, Behura and Chandolia were arrested on Feb 2nd 2011.
7. Impact on stock markets
The first casualty in Stock Markets once Raja was arrested was DB Realty.
DB Realty had given 200+ crores to Kalaignar TV( owned by Karunanidhi's
Wife) . The news led to 20% fall in the stock prices of DB Realty. Sun TV had its
shares fall by 10% on the next day following rumours of Kalanidhi Maran having
stake in Kalaignar TV. Sun TV COO refused the allegations. Swan Telecom
Chief Balwa was arrested on Feb 8 and this led to rumours of links with Anil
Ambani's Reliance ADAG and it led to 20% fall of his stocks . Its reported that
nearly 2 Billion USD was eroded from his stocks . Spicejet stocks went down
after reports of investigation on Maran's recent takeover of Spicejet