Spectrum refers to ranges of electromagnetic wavelengths used for radio, TV, mobile communication, and internet. The document discusses 2G spectrum, which uses wavelengths between 800-1900MHz for mobile technology. 2G networks are digital, devices emit less radiation, penetration is high, and texting/emailing are enabled. Upgrades like GPRS and EDGE as well as MMS were introduced. Four media persons - Nira Radia, Barkha Dutt, Vir Sanghvi, and Rajdeep Sardesai - were accused in connection with the 2G spectrum scandal involving politician A. Raja granting spectrum licenses. The conclusion calls for addressing the root causes of scams in India rather than just dealing with individual scams,

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2. CHAITHANYA BASA
11U51A0507
CSE-A

3. What is spectrum?
Spectrum is specific range of
electromagnetic wavelength, which
is used in radio, TV broadcasting,
mobile communications and internet
facility.

4. 2G is short for second-generation wireless
telephone technology.
The wavelength between 800-1900MHz is called
2G spectrum, which is useful for mobile
communication technology.

5. 2G spectrum PROS
 Second generation networks are digital.
 2G devices emit less radiation.
 The penetrative levels are high.
 Text messaging, e-mail sending are made
possible due to digitalization.
 GPRS,EDGE technologies are up-gradation in 2G
technology.
 MMS facility is initiated.
 Pocket internet is made possible.

6. He was the President of
the Janata Party. His party was
merged on 11 August 2013
with BJP. Swamy has previously
served as member of
the Planning Commission of
India and Cabinet Minister of
India.
Dr. Subramanian Swamy .

7. Andimuthu Raja is an Indian politician
from the Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam (DMK) political party.
who is this person?

10. Nira Radia, a corporate lobbyist whose
conversations with politicians and corporate
entities were recorded by the government
and leaked creating the Nira Radia tapes
controversy
Barkha Dutt, an NDTV journalist
alleged to have lobbied for A.
Raja's appointment as minister
Vir Sanghvi, a Hindustan Times
editor alleged to have edited
articles to reduce blame in the Nira
Radia tapes
Rajdeep Sardesai, a CNN IBN
senior editor
Media persons accused

17. What India
Could Do
With 1.76
lakh crore
rupees?

18. Conclusion:
Whenever a scam raises,
Indian government is
dealing with scam rather
than reasons behind it.
 Loopholes in system need
to be corrected in order to
avoid these scams. If
these are not dealt
properly so many scams
are on the way for us.
 A perfect policy making
and new blood in political
veins only can help India
to be out of scam era.