Biosensors combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. They are used to detect analytes and provide qualitative or quantitative results. The biological component recognizes the analyte. The sensor element detects the biological response and converts it into an electrical signal. Major applications of biosensors include medical diagnosis, food analysis, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Important milestones in biosensor development include the first commercial glucose biosensor in 1975 and blood glucose monitors in the 1980s and 1990s.

1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Biosensors
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
ENGG.
BE ACAD.UNIT 2
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science
& Engineering)
Biology for Engineers SZT-172

2. 2
BIOSENSORS
CO Number Title Level
CO1 To develop the firm foundation in science principles and higher level of
understanding in each of the biology sub-discipline.
Remember
CO2 To excel in career as researcher in both traditional and emerging fields of
science .
Understand
CO3 Understand ethical principles and responsibilities for science practices in
society.
Understand
CO4 To learn the new areas of biology for contemporary research with
interdisciplinary approach
Understand
Course Outcome

3. “Biosensor” : combination of two
parts
•(i) a bio-element
•(ii) a sensor-element
Sensor : carbon electrode, oxygen
electrode, ion sensitive electrode or
photocell.
the “sensor”element :analyses of
biological signals and convert it into
an electrical signal.
“Bio” element : enzyme, antibody,
organelle, hormones, nucleic acids or
whole cells.
www.cuchd.in
WHAT ARE BIOSENSORS?

4. Analytical device, used for the
detection of an analyte, that
combines a biological component
with a physicochemical detector and
are capable of providing either
qualitative or quantitative results. Incorporation of a biomolecule in order to
detect something.
www.cuchd.in
DEFINITION

5. www.cuchd.in Fig 1. Image of Biosensor

6. The development of biosensors began in 1950, when a biosensors with an oxygen electrode (sometimes
described as Clark electrode) was developed by L. L. Clark in Cincinnati, USA to measure the dissolved
oxygen in blood.
Professor Leland C Clark 1918–2005
www.cuchd.in
FATHER OF BIOSENSOR
Fig 2. Father of Biosensor

7. Year Achievement
1975 First commercial biosensor (glucose biosensor)
1975 First microbial biosensor and immunosensor
1980 First optic biosensor
1984 First amperometric biosensor
1987 Blood glucose biosensor launched by
MediSense Exac Tech
1998 Blood Glucose biosensor launched by LifeScan
FastTake
Current Carbon nanotubes
IMPORTANT ACHIVEMENTS

8. • LINEARITY Linearity of the sensor should be high for the detection of high substrate
concentration.
• SENSITIVITY Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration.
• SELECTIVITY Chemicals Interference must be minimised for obtaining the correct result.
• RESPONSE TIME Time necessary for having 95% of the response.
BASIC CHARACTERSTICS OF
BIOSENSOR

9. •The SENSITIVE BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL a biologically derived material or biomimetic
component that interacts (binds or recognizes) the analyte under study. The biologically sensitive
elements can also be created by biological engineering.
•The TRANSDUCER or the DETECTOR ELEMENT that transforms the signal resulting from the
interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal (i.e., transduces) that can
be more easily measured and quantified.
•ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICS OR SIGNAL PROCESSORS .
•These are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way.
ELEMENTS/PARTS

10. MOLECULE
PROTEIN
SUGAR, METAL ION
THE ANALYTE

11. The component used to bind the target molecule
Must be highly specific, stable under storage conditions, and immobilized
 Microorganism
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Nucleic Acid
Enzyme
Antibody
BIOLOGICAL ELEMENT

12. Acts as an interface measures the physical change that occurs with the reaction at the bioreceptor then
transforming that energy into measurable electrical output.
PRODUCT SENSOR
HEAT THERMISTOR
LIGHT OPTICAL TRANSDUCER
CURRENT ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSDUCER
MASS PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
TRANSDUCER

13.  Signals from the transducer are passed to a microprocessor where they are amplified and analyzed
 The data is then converted to concentration units and transferred to a display or/and data storage
device.
DETECTOR

14. • Electrochemical
• Magnetics
• Optical
• Piezoelectric
• Resonance
• Thermal
TYPES ON THE BASIS OF
BIOTRANSDUCER

15. • A sensory cell or organ which is responsive to chemical stimuli.
• Sensory Receptor (Taste bud receptor)
• Internal peripheral chemoreceptor
CHEMORECEPTORS

16. • Non specialized sense receptor that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature.
• Peripheral Nervous System have warmth receptors.
• Warmth receptors are unmylinated C- fibre receptors that respond to cold have mylinated C-
fibres
HOT AND COLD RECEPTORS

17. • These are pressure receptors are sensors located in the blood vessels that sense pressure of
blood in blood vessels.
• They sense the blood pressure and relay the information to the brain, so that a proper blood
pressure can be maintained.
• Two types:
• Arterial baroreceptors
• Low pressure baroreceptors
BARORECEPTORS

18. • Sensors for Smell are also called olfactory receptors which are located in nasal cavity.
• Olfactory receptor sense smell and give signal to brain and then it is possible to detect smell.
Sensors for vision
•Optical receptors are present in eyes
•Taste receptors are for taste
•Osmolarity receptors detect the osmolarity of blood and are found in hypothalamus
SENSORS FOR SMELL

19. Medical Telesensors
medical telesensor chip on a fingertip can
measure body temperature.
Fig 3. Medical Telesensor

20. Fig. 4 Monitors the glucose level in the
blood. .
Glucose monitoring device for
diabetes patients

21. Applications of Biosensor
 Food Analysis
 Study of biomolecules and their interaction
 Drug Development
 Crime detection
 Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
 Environmental field monitoring
 Quality control
 Industrial Process Control
 Detection systems for biological warfare agents
 Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement
organs
APPLICATIONS OF
BIOSENSOR

22. 1. https://www.google.com/search?q=biosensors&rlz=1C1RLNS_enIN813IN813&tbm=isch
&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=sO4z020zBW7qYM%253A%252CGvTCtiYNhcZ6iM%252C%252F
m%252F02fn33&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kQpv7rpqRuo3K8DlTzLhcv265xZpQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR1IjampHjAhWIro8KHRivC78
Q_B0wFHoECAEQAw#imgrc=h4YqsqLpSsNEHM:&vet=1
2. https://www.google.com/search?q=images+father+of+biosensor&rlz=1C1RLNS_enIN81
3IN813&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=S1ynsE3UfEbcfM%253A%252CYVbyWd6oL-
djQM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kR61QR8VY8Guvf_AFWiAKfOv3wocA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil2KTEm5HjAhVWnY8KHdM
IDLMQ9QEwAXoECAAQBg#imgrc=S1ynsE3UfEbcfM:
3. https://www.google.com/search?q=medical+telesensor+images&rlz=1C1RLNS_enIN81
3IN813&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=wHOv6G-
wejp7EM%253A%252CrETFeE1fbm5LDM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kQ6eTeLciDNgXuqSYyuoL_n_voOzQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX4_Xan5HjAhVOinAKHfHHD
RkQ9QEwAHoECAAQBA&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=1MxV_ZTCfPxoDM:&vet=1
4. https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RLNS_enIN813IN813&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=M7EYXZ_NA4
rXvgTP8a2oDA&q=monitor+glucose+levels+in+blood+image&oq=monitor+glucose+levels+in+blood+image&gs_l=img.3.
..33406.36655..37437...0.0..0.0.0.......0....1..gws-wiz-img.aha_GJDkf4g#imgrc=cbywLa-Ul4L4hM:
5. http://www.sciencentral.com
6. http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine
7. http://www.mdpi.org/sensors
REFERENCES

23. THANK YOU
For queries
Email: himanisharma.biotech@cumail.in