Shujat Ali Jafri
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This document discusses red eye (ocular hyperemia), which refers to redness of the eye caused by enlarged blood vessels leading to redness on the eye's surface. It lists several potential causes of red eye including conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, or allergic), subconjunctival hemorrhage, scleritis, corneal ulceration, and pterygium. Symptoms may include pain, visual loss, eye discharge, grittiness, itching, and photophobia. Signs on examination include vesicles, follicles, ciliary flush, irregular pupil, papillae, foreign bodies, conjunctival vessel dilation, hypopyon, corneal ulcers, and dilated episcl
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Dr. Chamath Fernando
Lecturer,
Department of Family Medicine,
Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka.
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1. The document discusses common eye conditions seen in primary care including symptoms, signs, causes and treatment approaches.
2. Conditions covered include refractive errors, conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, retinal disorders and others.
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Uveitis (Classification, Panuveitis, Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, Synech...
Uveitis
• Inflammation of uveal tissue.
• Associated inflammation of adjacent structures, such as Retina, Vitreous, Sclera and Cornea.
Figure 1 uveitis
Anatomical classification
Clinical classification
Pathological classification
Etiological classification
(Duke Elder’s)
1. Anterior uveitis
Can be divided as follow;
1) Iritis_ inflammation mainly the iris
2) Iridocyclitis _iris and pars plicata involved
3) Cyclitis_ pars plicata is affected
Acute uveitis
Onset is sudden,
Last for less than 3 weeks Granulomatous uveitis
Infective nature
Inflammation is insidious in onset
Chronic in nature with minimum clinical features Infective uveitis
2. Intermediate uveitis
Inflammation of pars plana, peripheral retina and choroid.
Also called as “pars planitis”. Chronic uveitis
Onset is insidious
Duration is more than 3 weeks
Non-granulomatous uveitis
due to allergic or immune related reaction
acute onset
short duration
Allergic uveitis or immune related uveitis
3. Posterior uveitis
Inflammation of choroid(choroiditis)
Associated inflammation of retina (chorioretinitis) Recurrent uveitis
uveitis keeps reoccurring periodically
Toxic uveitis
4. Panuveitis
Inflammation of whole uveal tract Traumatic uveitis
5. Uveitis associated with non-infective systemic diseases
6. Idiopathic uveitis
7. Neoplastic
Figure 2 anatomical classification of uveitis
Panuveitis
Endophthalmitis
Panophthalmitis
Inflammation of all layers of uvea of eye
Can also affect lens, retina, optic nerve and vitreous causing reduced vision or blindness. Inflammation of internal structures of the eye, I;e choroid, retina and vitreous Purulent inflammation of all structures of eye
Including all the three coats and Tenon’s capsule as well.
Etiology
1. Idiopathic
After ruling out other causes
2. Infectious
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis
Infectious endophthalmitis
3. Immune related
Sarcoidosis
Vogt-koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Sympathetic ophthalmitis
Behcet syndrome
Etiology
Acute process 1-7 days following intraocular surgery such as Cataract surgery and filtering operation
Commonly caused by Bacteria-staphylococcus, pseudomonas, pneumococcus, streptococcus, E. coli,
Fungus -aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, fusarium,
Etiology
1.Exogenous
Due to infected wounds
Common pathogens are pneumococcus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, pneumococcus, streptococcus, E. coli.
2.Endogenous
Due to metastasis of infected embolus in retinal artery and choroidal vessels.
Clinical Features
• Sudden onset of unilateral pain, redness, photophobia
• Maybe associated with lacrimation
• Visual acuity is usually good at presentation except in eyes with severe hypopyon.
• Low IOP
• Fibrinous exudate
• Posterior synechiae
• Miosis
• Aqueous flare and cells
• Endothelial dusting
Clinical Features
Bacterial endophthalmitis
• Sudden onset with severe pain
• Redness
• Visual loss
• Lid oedema, chemosis, corneal haze
• Low
OSCE- Eye
The document lists various eye conditions and diseases. It then provides questions to ask a 32-year-old Turkish patient presenting with recurrent red eye to determine the cause. Key questions relate to duration and severity of symptoms, presence of discharge or vision changes, relieving/aggravating factors, and past medical and ocular history to determine if the red eye is due to conjunctivitis, iritis, trauma, or a more serious condition like glaucoma or corneal ulcer. Exam findings like photophobia or a visible foreign body could also provide clues to the diagnosis.
Ophthalmology revision for MD finals
This document provides a revision on ophthalmology topics for medical students preparing for their MD finals. It covers high yield topics like acute red eye, acute and chronic visual loss, trauma, and neuro-ophthalmic emergencies. Interactive case studies are included to help students recognize and diagnose conditions like viral conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, acute angle closure glaucoma, uveitis, and episcleritis/scleritis based on patients' history and examination findings. Abbreviations commonly used in ophthalmology are also defined.
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This document discusses various disorders of the eyelids and conditions that cause red eye. It describes several conditions including blepharitis, styes, chalazions, entropion, trichiasis, lagophthalmos, ptosis, dacryocystitis, orbital cellulitis, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, phlyctenular conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, pterygium, and corneal ulcers. Treatment options focus on antibiotic ointments, compress, referral for surgical correction if needed, and systemic antibiotics in more severe cases.
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Shujat Ali Jafri
- 1. Shujat Ali Jafri Opthalmology 4th Year MBBS Topic :- Red Eye Jafri Gmc Sukkur
- 2. RED EYE • Red eye-non-specific term to describe an eye that appears red due to illness, injury, or some other condition • Caused by enlarged, dilated blood vessels, leading to the appearance of redness on surface of eye Jafri
- 3. History Taking Jafri
- 4. EXAMINATION :- Jafri
- 5. Causes of red eye There are many different causes of a red eye. After taking a full history and thoroughly examining the eyes, a management plan can be made. Jafri
- 6. Anterior uveitis • Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body • Clinical features: • Young or middle aged patients • Pain worse when reading • Photophobia • Reduced visual acuity • On examination: • Pupil may be small and irregular (due to posterior synechiae - adhesions of iris to the lens) • On using slit lamp, anterior chamber may show: – cells (moving, white specks) – hypopyon - pus in anterior chamber – flare (looking through frosted glass) • keratic precipitates may be seen at the back of the cornea Jafri
- 7. Conjunctivitis • The eye discharge in conjunctivitis may be clear (serous) or puslike (purulent) Purulent – bacterial conjunctivitis Clear – viral or allergic cause Serous Purulent Jafri
- 8. Subconjunctival haemorrhage • Bright red blood between white sclera and conjunctiva. Usually benign. Can be caused by: • Severe coughing or straining • Hypertension • Blood disorders • Idiopathic • Clinical features: • Diffuse area of bright red blood • May be a foreign body • No pain, blurred vision or photophobia • Eye examination otherwise normal Jafri
- 9. Scleritis • Inflammation of white sclera itself • Usually very painful; significantly more redness present compared to episcleritis • Associated with other autoimmune conditions • Visual acuity may be affected • Management - may need immunosuppressants • Complications - corneal ulceration, intraocular inflammation Jafri
- 10. Corneal ulceration • Causes • Infection • Corneal abrasion • Contact lenses • Clinical Features • Pain • Foreign body sensation • Mild to moderate red eye • Blurred vision • Photophobia • Examination • Staining the cornea with fluorescein shows an area of corneal epithelial defect, and shows up yellow. Jafri
- 11. PTERYGIUM • Triangular fold of conjunctiva that usually grows from the medial portion of the palpebral fissure towards & invades the cornea • Non-malignant fibrovascular growth • Predisposing factors: – Hot climates – Chronic dryness – Exposure to sun *Prevalent in Southern Countries • Mx – surgical removal Jafri
- 12. SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH RED EYE SYMPTOMS Pain Visual loss Eye discharge Purulent – bacterial conjunctivitis Clear – viral or allergic cause Gritty sensation – common in conjunctivitis Itching – common in allergic eye disease, blepharitis Photophobia Jafri
- 13. SIGNS OF THE RED EYES 1. Vesicles 3 5 2. Follicles 1 2 4 6 3. Ciliary flush 4. Irregular pupil 5. Papillae 6. Foreign body 7. Dilated conjunctival vessels 8. Discharge 9. Corneal ulcer 10. Hypopyon 11. Dendritic ulcer 8 10 12 7 11 12. Dilated episcleral vessels 9 Jafri
- 14. Shujat Ali Jafri 4th Year MBBS Gmc Sukkur Jafri