1 Running head: MEDIA INFLUENCE ON BODY IMAGE MEDIA INFLUENCE ON BODY IMAGE 8 Media's influence on body image Janet Hernandez Introduction The media and body image advertisement are two close concepts specifically; the body image advertising displays affects our body image. Despite other elements like parenting, education, intimate relationship influencing body image, media has the greatest impact. According to Diedrichs, (2012) Americans spends 250billion hours watching TV annually. Also, advertising occupies 30 % of all television airtime. Normal child watches 20,000 televisions commercial annually. In the print media, some magazines are filled with ads. In addition, social media has the highest of users compared to any other media globally. Anything seen for many hours influence us. As a result, media and body images are closely interrelated due to the numerous image we see in the media. Wykes, M., & Gunter, B. (2015). The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. doi:10.4135/9781446215395 This article fits in the research topic because it covers the influence of advertisement in girls’ looks. It pinpoints that girls who like magazines, TVs are more likely to change and look like the persons in the magazines. The article further discusses that the available applications have made it easy for persons to edit photos. This includes clearing blemishes, whitening of teeth, even to shaving off few pounds. For some users especially ladies, there is real problem in their body image. Additionally, this article postulates that notable percentage of people are changing their body images to match the ones in the media (Wykes & Gunter, 2015). Levine, M. (2012). Media Influences on Female Body Image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 540-546. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00085-7 As the title alludes, the article perfectly fits in this topic. This is because it covers how the female body image has been significantly influenced by the media. Also, it addresses how the females’ models have altered their body image. It provides an example where normal American woman is 5feet and 4inches and 166 pounds .In disparity, most model women are 5 feet and 11 inches in the media. The major question is how this disparity emerges. According to an interview conducted the major factor that influences this changes is the social media. This different stature and size is seen in the social media (Levine, 2012) . Tiggemann, M. (2014). The Status of Media Effects on Body Image Research: Commentary on Articles in the Themed Issue on Body Image and Media. Media Psychology, 17(2), 127-133. doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.891822 This article is relevant as it pinpoints the media effects on body image. Again, it covers the how media has influenced the persons in different ways. One of the most notable topic covered in the article is the how girls in Fiji are affected by media. One survey in Fiji has shown that one in every ten girls have reported to have ...

1. 1
Running head: MEDIA INFLUENCE ON BODY IMAGE
MEDIA INFLUENCE ON BODY IMAGE
8
Media's influence on body image
Janet Hernandez
Introduction
The media and body image advertisement are two close concepts
specifically; the body image advertising displays affects our
body image. Despite other elements like parenting, education,
intimate relationship influencing body image, media has the
greatest impact. According to Diedrichs, (2012) Americans
spends 250billion hours watching TV annually. Also,
advertising occupies 30 % of all television airtime. Normal
child watches 20,000 televisions commercial annually. In the
print media, some magazines are filled with ads. In addition,
social media has the highest of users compared to any other
media globally. Anything seen for many hours influence us. As
a result, media and body images are closely interrelated due to
the numerous image we see in the media.
Wykes, M., & Gunter, B. (2015). The Media and Body Image: If
Looks Could Kill. doi:10.4135/9781446215395
This article fits in the research topic because it covers the
influence of advertisement in girls’ looks. It pinpoints that girls
who like magazines, TVs are more likely to change and look
like the persons in the magazines.
The article further discusses that the available applications have

2. made it easy for persons to edit photos. This includes clearing
blemishes, whitening of teeth, even to shaving off few pounds.
For some users especially ladies, there is real problem in their
body image. Additionally, this article postulates that notable
percentage of people are changing their body images to match
the ones in the media (Wykes & Gunter, 2015).
Levine, M. (2012). Media Influences on Female Body
Image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance,
540-546. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00085-7
As the title alludes, the article perfectly fits in this topic. This
is because it covers how the female body image has been
significantly influenced by the media. Also, it addresses how
the females’ models have altered their body image. It provides
an example where normal American woman is 5feet and 4inches
and 166 pounds .In disparity, most model women are 5 feet and
11 inches in the media. The major question is how this disparity
emerges. According to an interview conducted the major factor
that influences this changes is the social media. This different
stature and size is seen in the social media (Levine, 2012) .
Tiggemann, M. (2014). The Status of Media Effects on Body
Image Research: Commentary on Articles in the Themed Issue
on Body Image and Media. Media Psychology, 17(2), 127-133.
doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.891822
This article is relevant as it pinpoints the media effects on body
image. Again, it covers the how media has influenced the
persons in different ways. One of the most notable topic
covered in the article is the how girls in Fiji are affected by
media. One survey in Fiji has shown that one in every ten girls
have reported to have vomited to lose weight. Also, they
reported that three quarter of the girls accepted that watching
American television shows has made them weight conscious
(Tiggemann, 2014).
Diedrichs, P. (2012). Media Influences on Male Body

3. Image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human
Appearance, 547-553. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00086-9
This article is relevant because it also focus on numerous ways
which media has influenced body image in the recent past. It
allude that 7-12 aged girls of Europeans and Africans are the
mainly affected by the body image and media. The article
postulates that most 12 year old are on diet because they believe
that weight determines ones worth (Diedrichs, 2012).
Piran, N., & Mafrici, N. (2012). Preventing Body Image
Problems. Encyclopedia of Body Image and
Human Appearance, 674-679. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-
0.00107-3
This article fits in the research topic because it covers how to
prevent body image problems that are influenced by the media.
The article allude that media literacy programs are the best
suited concept to tackle this problem. It involves making
persons understand and promote effects of the social media. It
also reveals the messages and ideologies hidden in the media
images (Piran & Mafrici, 2012).
Literature review
There are numerous ways in which one can identify that the
media has influenced them. One is evidence of change in
dressing, talking, walking, and facial looks. These are the major
symptoms that signify that one is influenced media. Also,
spending a lot of time in the print media like magazines, social
media, and television is another way to identify to identify the
influence (Piran & Mafrici, 2012).
The major statistics on this topic are as follows; 40 % of girls

4. aged 9 to 12 have tried to lose weight in the US. Also, 10 year
old girls and boys are unhappy with their body after watching
videos from friends. Additionally, the amount of time spent
watching soaps, movies and music is related with body
dissatisfaction and wish to be slender. Another study shows that
at age of 13 53% of the American girls are unhappy with their
bodies. This figure rises to 78%when they reach 17.The major
factors that result to this is watching movies, soaps and music.
Also, spending a lot of time in the media (Piran & Mafrici,
2012).
3A
In order to achieve the best results in this research, I used
simple random sampling whereby every respondent had a
chance to be selected in response. This is due to its easy way to
assemble sample. Also, it is a fair way to select sample from the
provided population. The major ethical issues considered at this
point is making the respondent anonymous and parent were
consulted before interviewing children (Piran & Mafrici, 2012).
References
Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E.
(2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of
Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood.
Body Image, 13, 38-45.
Ferguson, C. J., Muñoz, M. E., Garza, A., & Galindo, M.
(2014). Concurrent and prospective analyses of peer, television
and social media influences on body dissatisfaction, eating
disorder symptoms and life satisfaction in adolescent girls.
Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(1), 1-14.
Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity
associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls.

5. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-
206.
Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s
body image concern: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for
research. Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377.
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). between: The Internet and
body image concerns in preteen age girls. The Journal of Early
Adolescence, 34(5), 606-620.
Diedrichs, P. (2012). Media Influences on Male Body
Image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance,
547-553. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00086-9
Levine, M. (2012). Media Influences on Female Body
Image. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance,
540-546. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00085-7
Piran, N., & Mafrici, N. (2012). Preventing Body Image
Problems. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance,
674-679. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384925-0.00107-3
Tiggemann, M. (2014). The Status of Media Effects on Body
Image Research: Commentary on Articles in the Themed Issue
on Body Image and Media. Media Psychology, 17(2), 127-133.
doi:10.1080/15213269.2014.891822
Wykes, M., & Gunter, B. (2015). The media and body image: If
looks could kill. London: SAGE.
Wykes, M., & Gunter, B. (2015). The Media and Body Image: If
Looks Could Kill. doi:10.4135/9781446215395
Girls in Fiji have become more weight-conscious since
becoming exposed to North American television shows, research

6. has shown
M3-assaignment
In your final paper for this course, you will need to write a
Methods section that is about 4 pages long where you will
assess and evaluate the methods of research.
In preparation for this particular section, answer the following
questions thoroughly and provide justification/support. The
more complete and detailed your answers for these questions,
the better prepared you are to successfully write your final
paper.
Please submit your answers as a single 4- to 6-page document as
a numbered list; this will ensure you do not inadvertently miss a
question.
Additionally, please submit a title page and a reference page in
proper APA format.
1.What is your research question?
2.What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null
hypothesis?
3.How many participants would you like to use and why? What
are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in
order to be included in your study (for example, gender,
diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion
characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would
exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need
to be diverse? Why or why not?
4.What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample?
What population does your sample generalize to?
5.What are the variables in your study? HINT: Refer back to
your hypothesis or hypotheses.
6.Provide operational definitions for each variable.
7.How will you measure each variable? Discuss the reliability
and validity of these measures in general terms.

7. 8.What technique will be used for data collection (e.g.,
observation, survey, interview, archival, etc.)?
9.What type of research design is being used?
10.Briefly discuss the procedure that would be followed when
conducting the research.
11.What are some POTENTIAL ethical issues? How might they
be addressed
M4-assaignment
In this assignment you will update the methods section for your
research paper and add your introduction and literature review.
The introduction and literature review should address your

8. research question: why it is important, and how prior research
does or does not support your hypothesis, as well as providing a
background on what we know about this topic.
Please refer to the material on the components of a research
paper provided in Module 1 as you work on this document.
Your methods section, in addition to covering the subheadings
of participants, instruments, and procedure, must include a
fourth subheading called ethical issues and note any ethical
issues that need to be considered, as well as how they would be
handled.
Be sure to include a title/cover page and a reference page
formatted in APA style.
Submit your response to the Submissions Area by the due date
assigned. Your response should be at least four pages, double
spaced, long. All written assignments and responses should
follow APA rules for attributing sources. Confirm the latest
edition number with your instructor.

9. M5-assaignment
Submit your final research paper to the Submissions Area by the
due date assigned. It should include a cover page, abstract,
intro/lit review, method section, results (simply report what
statistics you propose to use), discussion section, and reference
page.
Your final paper should be double-spaced, 8 to 10 pages in
length, and properly edited.
Please use the following information to help you with each
section:
1.Cover page: Pay attention to APA style and refer to the
example in your textbook.
2.Abstract: Is written on its own page and is a very brief
summary of your study. Think in terms of one sentence stating
your research question, one or two sentences regarding
background and what we already know about it, one or two
sentences regarding your methodology (e.g., how many
participants were used and how were your variables assessed),
and one or two sentences about your findings.

10. 3.Intro/lit review: incorporate the feedback and make revisions
to the introduction and literature review submitted in Week 4.
4.Method section: incorporate the feedback and make revisions
to the Method section submitted in Week 4.
5.Results section: in one paragraph, state what statistical test
would have been used and why it was chosen.
6.Discussion section: broken down into the following
paragraphs:
◦paragraph 1: statement of your results/findings (or what you
imagine might be your results).
◦paragraph 2: what might have affected those results (i.e.,
threats to internal and external validity). Include flaws in your
design and confounding variables.
◦paragraph 3: implications for your findings including the
significance and impact on the field as well as future research
directions.