1.pptx. Microbes in agriculture. Use ful and harmful

1. Microbes in Agriculture
Presented by
Dr. Rajesh Kumar,
MGGAC, Mahe

2. What is microbes?
Microbes, or microorganisms
are minute living things that
are usually unable to be
viewed with the naked eye.
⚫Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae,
viruses are examples!

3. Chemical in Agriculture
Farmers use -
Chemical Pesticides.
Chemical fertilizers.
In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in
agriculture. Farmers were happy of getting increased
yield in agriculture in the beginning .
But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their
ill-effects such as:
Polluting water.
Destroying micro-organisms
and friendly insects
Making the crop more
able to the attack of diseases.

4. Microbes in Agriculture
Microbes are harmful but some
microbes are useful for our day to life.
⚫Microbes in agriculture used as-
Bio-control agent.
Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer.

5. Biological control agents
⚫First coined by Harry
Smith in relation to the
biological control of
insects.
⚫Biological control agents are
◦ Pollution free.
◦ Host specific.

6. Biological control agents
Bacteria
Pseudomonas
Xanthomonas
Herbicides/
weedicides
Fungi
Beauveria Aphids,
mealybugs ,
mites, white flies.
Phytophthora Milk weed in citrus
orchard.
Trichoderma Soil bone plant
pathogen

7. Biological control agents
Fungi Dactylaria
Arthrobotry
s
Nematodes
Protozoans Nosema
Grasshoppers,
Caterpillars,
Crickets.
Viruses
NPV(Nuclear
Polyhedrosis
Virus)
Gypsy moths,
Caterpillars.

8. Milkweed Mealy
Aphid
bugs
Gypsy moth White fly

9. Pseudomonas
Xanthomonas
⚫Use as Herbicides.
⚫Suspension of such bacterial spores on
the plant.
⚫Not harmful for major crops.
⚫Weeds to be controlled.
⚫Ex- P
. Protegens
Weed killed with herbicides

10. Beauveria
⚫Use spore sprayed on affected crops .
⚫Can be used as a biological insecticide to
control a number of pests such as aphid,
mites ,mealy bugs, whiteflies, and many
other insects.
⚫Ex- Beauveria bassiana

11. Phytophthora
Palmivera
⚫Pathogen for milk weed.
⚫Use spore sprayed on affected crops .
⚫Ex- Phytophthora infestans

12. Trichoderma
⚫Very important and famous for soil bone
plant pathogen.
⚫Generally grows in its natural habitat on
the root surface and so affects root
disease in particular.
⚫Can also be effective against foliar
diseases
⚫Ex-T. harzianum, T. hamatum

13. Dactylaria
Arthrobotrys
⚫Make traps.
⚫Nematodes come this trap
⚫They will effectively killed.
⚫Ex- A. oligospora
Arthrobotry

14. Nosema
⚫It is available in powder from
⚫It is poisonous.
⚫Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Crickets eat
the tender part of plants.
⚫They die because of nosema.

15. NPV(Nuclear Polyhedrosis
Virus)
⚫ It is also available in powder from
⚫ Unable to affect humans in the way it affects
insects
⚫ It is transferred from insect to insect through
crystals in all of their bodily emissions.
⚫ Kill Gypsy moths, Caterpillars.

16. Biological fertilizer/
Biofertilizer
Pest can control by bio-control agents but what
about the fertility of soil.
When palnt production or crops production is not
enough chemical fertilizer can switch over
biofertilizer.
It is nothing but either bacteria or blue green algae
or some fungus.
These microorganism should be-
I. N2 Fixers.
II. Phosphate solubilizers.

17. Biological fertilizer/
Biofertilizer
1
Freeliving
Fixing
bacteria
2
Freeliving
3
Symbiotic
Fixing
Bacteria
4
Symbiotic
Fixing
BGA
5
Micoriza
Azotobacter
Clostridium
Bacillus
polymyxa
Nostoc
Anabaena
Aulosira
Rhizobium-
Root nodules
in legumes.
Anabaena
Azollae in
Azolla
Ectmicoriza
Endmicroriza
N2 N2 Fixing
BGA
N2 N2

18. • It is available in powder from
• Convert atmosphere nitrogen into nitrate
and nitrite.
• Increase the nitrogen contain of soil.
⚫ Azotobacter
Clostridium
Bacillus polymyxa
Free-living
N2 Fixing bacteria

19. ⚫Make special cells called heterocysts.
Heterocysts are cells that are terminally
specialized for nitrogen fixation.
⚫Use only paddy fields.
⚫By dead Nitrate and ammonia will be
available.
⚫Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira
Free-living
N2 Fixing BGA

20. Symbiotic
Fixing Bacteria
⚫It is well known biofertilizer.
⚫Always associated with roots of legumes
plants.
⚫Take nitrogen from the air into Ammonia
which acts as a natural fertilizer for the
plants.
⚫ Need higher amount of nitrogen
⚫ Rhizobium-Root nodules in
legumes
N 2

21. •Make special cells called heterocysts.
Heterocysts are cells that are
terminally specialized for nitrogen
fixation.
⚫Use only paddy fields.
⚫Anabaena Azollae in Azolla.
Symbiotic
N 2 Fixing BGA

22. Mycorrhiza
⚫Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into
ectomycorrhizas (external surface of root)
and endomycorrhizas (inside the cell).
⚫They can absorb more amount of calcium,
magnesium, Water and most important
phosphate.

23. EFFECTIVE
MICROORGANISM
⚫Developed by Prof. Higa in 1982.
⚫Was used in agriculture and environment
field.

24. EFFECTIVE
MICROORGANISM
⚫Complex microorganism solution.
⚫It contains mainly 3 species such as
Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Phototrophic
Bacteria.
⚫Collected from food industries and nature

25. EM IN AGRICULTURE
⚫Enhances the photosynthetic capacity of
crops
⚫Develops resistance of plants to pests
and disease
⚫Improves physical, chemical and
biological environments of the soil and
destroy soil born pathogens and pests

26. Microbes in Agriculture
⚫Bio-control agent are expensive ,safe then
chemical pesticides.
⚫Biofertilizers are cheap ,safe and
renewable resources rather than chemical
fertilizers.
⚫At last microorganisms play an important
role in Agriculture.