India's technological progress directly impacts its development and economic indicators like GDP, currency value, and market performance. However, India spends less than 1% of its GDP on research and development, which is the lowest among BRIC countries. This is due to factors such as low budget allocation for R&D, poor infrastructure, low wages for researchers, lack of collaboration between academia and industry, and corruption. The document proposes various solutions like increasing R&D expenditure, reforming education to promote research, providing incentives for researchers, and establishing an independent body to oversee research funding and reduce corruption.

2. India’s development is directly proportional to its technical progress.
GDP
Market
Value of
Rupee
Currency
decline
Country
Technological
ly Backward
SCOPE
Reasons For Slow Progress
Less budget allocated for research
Lowest in BRIC countries
Lower R&D and innovation
capability of India
Poor infrastructure and no
commercial ventures
Poor human resources and
institutional support
1% of GDP is spent for research
Huge amount of Redtapism and
Bureaucracy
Causes
Less R&D expenditure and research facilities
Low standard living and low wages
Indifferent mentality and improper work ethics
Opaque systems and management
Lack of practical knowledge imparted in
schools and colleges
Corruption
No premier institution under top 100 ranking
according to 2012 surveyBrain Gain 2

3. EXPENDITURE ON R&D
• Government based R&D expenditure is much higher
compared to Private sectors : But no significant
development.[80% Public sector & 20% Private
sectors]
• Private firms lack private funding so they cease to
function well.
• Low wages for existing researchers -no drive for
active work in R&D.
DIDYOU KNOW?
• NASA wages : 16000$-1,00,000$ per annum
• ISRO wages : 1,96,000 Rs-16,80,000 Rs per annum.
• India accounts for merely 0.4% of US MNC driven R&D
expenditure. India does not figure prominently as an
attractive destination for R&D : 76 per cent is carried out in
3 destinations: EU (59%), Canada (11%) and Japan (6%).
EDUCATION
• Our top institutes do not come under top 200 in the
world. [IIT Bombay(227) and IIT Delhi(212) and IISc
(400)].
• Total patent filing in India in 2011 was just 37000
compared to California (30750 patents filed even in
economic downfall).
• Lack of collaboration b/w industries and institutions.
Successful researchers
Ignorant
masses
Intellect
gap
CORRUPTION
MENTALITY
LATE
EXECUTION INEFFICIENT
SYSTEM
COMMUNICATION
GAP LOWWORK
ETHICS
HEAVY
BUREAUCARCY
OPAQUE
SYSTEM
LOW
ACCESSIBLITY
R&D Expenditure
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4. BRAIN GAIN???
• Attracting foreign investors and
companies
• Policy for controlling brain drain &
attracting talents from foreign
countries
• Making India hub of research
• Creating an international platform
• Duty free goods the respective
organizations.
• Tax elevation for a few years on
facilities ordered
• R&D initiatives at village level.
• Development of economically
weaker sections of the society in
both rural and urban areas.
• Good budget for research
Institutions.
SNAPSHOT OF ALLTHE SOLUTIONS
Education
• Equipping people for research
• Change existing education system-more flexible, research oriented, practical
oriented
Promotion
• More publicity and propaganda
• Involvement of students, public by organizing talks, outreach programs,
exhibitions, etc. at broader scale
Opportunities
• More wages and recognition to researchers
• Uplift the value of research posts
Infrastructure
• More intelligent & better infrastructure
• Improve standard of living
STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT :
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5. EDUCATIONAL REFORMS:
 Participation of students in competitions involving technical ideas and innovations
from each university should be made mandatory. A certain amount of the college
budget should be kept for the students to go abroad or at national level and
participate. This Increases competitiveness and tells us where we stand.
 A change in the elementary and high school syllabus. Students should be taken to
labs (needs to be implemented from elementary onwards in all boards: CBSE, State,
ICSE and state boards) shown basic science experiments to inculcate interest in
practical applications. In high school, the summer projects should majorly be
practical oriented than paper based work.
 Promotion of high-risk research- federal governmental agency in charge of fund
allocation to scientific, technological, engineering, and mathematical fields shall set
a target value for the ratio of high-risk research budget to the basic research budget
every year.
 Effective appointment of young and female scientist engineers - Early career grants,
fellowship grants, and other forms of support should be provided to young scientists
and engineers in deemed universities.
 Promotion of manufacturing technologies – Locally-based industry-academia joint
projects should be promoted, and manufacturing technology- related joint research
should be supported.
The number of
doctoral degrees
awarded in science
and engineering in
India is a little over
6000 doctorates,
compared to 9000
in China and 25000
in the US.
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6. PUBLICITY
1. Heavy publicity countrywide .
2. Show documentaries and videos showing the progress of research and the development at each step
3. Increase the collaboration with the schools and colleges to impact the young minds and draw them
towards research
4. Organize more exhibitions and make separate visitor centers which are very interactive and
informative
5. Collaboration between institutions and industries Eg :
1. Provide personal incentives to the researches like : increase In the wages, standard of living
2. Independent Indian research setups such as INO and NRIB can provide platforms to various
scientists at a large scale and actively involve many budding students and thereby reducing brain
drain.
3. CSIR based collaboration with educational institutes of our country .
4. Have local investors who invest in the research of the budding students.
5. Experts say that shortage of research scientists and faculty members in India is 150,000.Technical
education (includes technology, management, pharmacy) has 450,000 teachers. But less than half
of these have PhD’s. At present , our IIT’s produce 1000 PhD’s against 8000-9000 scholars in US. So
we need successful implementation of AICTE and QIP to increase the number of takers of PhD’s .
OPPORTUNITIES
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7. IMPLEMENTATION NEEDED…
“IT’S NOT AN OPTION, BUT A NEEDTO CULTIVATE RESEARCH IN OUR COUNTRY …! “
• Our deemed universities and educational institutions such as IIT’s, IISc, NIT’s should give timely
demonstrations to students from schools(both rural/urban) regarding research conducted by them.
• Top research bodies likeTIFR, BARC, DRDO, NTPC, etc. should organize national level fests and
conferences to enable interaction between experienced professional researchers and interested
students from all across the country.
• A Govt. Body should be appointed to ensure technical interactions between schools and colleges
(both private/public). Appreciation be given to the respected college and students for any technical
innovation.
• Like NASA, ISRO should also advertise and popularize their logo countrywide so that young
scientists and future astronauts are motivated to join and work for ISRO. ISRO should host more
events to motivate our young Indian minds towards research.
• A separate subject called as “Introduction to research sciences” be introduced as an elective from
std.11 in all boards to enable students discover the variety of research fields such as – Astrophysics,
Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Photonics, Ocean sciences, Life sciences
• Experts say that shortage of research scientists and faculty members in India is
150,000.Technical education (includes technology, management, pharmacy) has 450,000
teachers. But less than half of these have PhD’s. At present , our IIT’s produce 1000 PhD’s against
8000-9000 scholars in US. So we need successful implementation of AICTE and QIP to increase
the number of takers of PhD’s .
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8. • According to the source corruptionindrdo.com there have
been instances of large amount of corruption between the
Ministry and Director of the respective institution(s).
• Therefore our idea is to add an independentSemi-
Government body that scrutinizes the flow of Budget .
• The Body will consist of highly reputed individuals like the
National Acclaim holders in the research fields,
Management, Finance, etc.
• The committee will be answerable to the CBI, RAW, the
President & the Prime Minister.
Govt.
Ministry
DRDO
Scrutiny
Body
40 % 60%
 Nationally
acclaimed
scientists and
researchers,
Noble Laureates
 Ex- CEO’s of
Industries that have
positively impacted
India’s Economy
 ChartedAccountants
 Famous Attorneys
 Ex- Military R&D
officials
 Law Enforcement
Officers
Composition of the Committee
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9. A common scrutinizing body should be built under the various ministries of our government to enable efficient
management of research sectors.The following table highlights the details of the scrutinizing board :-
Scrutinizing Board
STRUCTURE:
1. Head : Coordinates
between the depts.
2.Co-head: Assists the
Head
3. Finance Monitoring
Dept.
4. Project Monitoring
Dept.
POWERS
EXERCISED
1.Investigation
2. Power to with hold the
project(s) till
investigation is done
3. Position to fire the
guilty from any dept.
4. Monitor the time span
of each project.
BUDGET
1. Payment to the
members: Fixed amount
by the Govt. (1 crore
annually)
2. Incentives: around 5-
10% of the profit from
the projects success goes
to the members.This
gives the members more
incentive to make sure
that more projects are
completed efficiently.
Tenure of each member : 3 years
Budget for implementation : 500 Crores INR
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
1. Main committee : 30-35
2. Human resources : 50
CRITERIA FOR ELECTION :
1.Internal election , voting system.
2. Selection of highly qualified and experienced
people
3.Candidates having record for national contribution
will be given preference.
FORMATION OF THE ELECTION BODY:
The first body will be elected by the Government itself
but in the forthcoming years it will be elected from
among the members themselves by internal voting
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10. CHALLENGES & MITIGATION FACTORS
CONCEPT RISKS:
• Government may not see the viability of funding our
proposal for a Management Body.
• All the stages in implementing our ideas are prone to
corruption by bureaucrats.
• Lack of active participation of volunteers .
• Resistance of the existing top rank officials to step down
from authority.
• Resistance to any change in the education and research
management systems, or to introduce a transparent
operation system.
• Difficulty in increasing wages.
IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS:
 Difficulty in publicity.
 Convincing people on a large scale for changes.
 Training and increasing number of professional teachers
nationwide.
 Clashing of ideas of various ministries regarding allocation of
funds for R&D or bringing about reforms concerning wages
of researchers or educational reforms , leading to negligible
progress.
 Collaboration of institutes and industries.
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11. Brain Gain 11
REFRENCES :
• The Hindu
• Report of the CREST R&D in services Working Group
• Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme of
Government of India
• Nature India forum
• Gross domestic product, wikipedia.
• Role of Research and Development in the 21st Century
• Moneycontrol.com
• Scope of scientific research in India,The viewspaper
• Paycheck.in
• Defense research and development organization, India
• Indian space research organisation, India