The document highlights significant inventions and advancements in the 19th century that fueled the Industrial Revolution, including the steam engine, electric generator, and developments in medicine and communications. Notable figures such as Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and the Wright brothers made groundbreaking contributions that transformed daily life, while advancements in social sciences began to shape understanding of human behavior. The rise of mass culture and spectator sports also reflected societal changes as entertainment became more accessible to the general public.

1. 19th
Century Progress
Inventions and Developments

3. Setting the Stage
• The Industrial Revolution happened because of
inventions such as the spinning jenny and the
steam engine. By the late 1800s, advances in
both industry and technology were occurring
faster than ever before. In turn, the demands of
growing industries spurred even greater advances
in technology. A surge of scientific discovery
pushed the frontiers of knowledge forward. At the
same time, in industrialized countries, economic
growth produced many social changes.
-World History, Patterns in Interaction

4. Inventions Make Life Easier
• Late 1800s gasoline
made combustible
engine possible
• 1870s electric generator
developed, producing
current thus powering
machines

5. Inventions Make Life Easier
• Thomas Edison created over 1,000
inventions
• These were created in his research lab at
Menlo Park, NJ
• Two of his most important inventions
were…

6. The Light Bulb
The Phonograph

7. Communications Revolutionized
Alexander Graham Bell
-Invented the telephone
Guglielmo Marconi
-created first radio used
to send messages wirelessly

8. Automobile Industry
• In the 1880s Germans had developed the
automobile with a gasoline engine
• Cars were made by hand and extremely
expensive
• Henry Ford used standardized
interchangeable parts to make
automobiles cheaper and faster to
assemble

9. Henry Ford and the Automobile
• Ford developed the Assembly Line
– A line of workers who each put a single piece
on an unfinished car as it passes on a moving
belt

10. Ford Makes Cheaper Cars
• As production costs fell so did the price

11. Wright Brothers Take the Skies
• Wilbur and Orville Wright flew a gasoline
powered machine at Kitty Hawk, NC on
December 17, 1903 for 59 seconds

12. Medical Advancements
• Louis Pasteur develops
pasteurization to kill germs in liquids
• Joseph Lister ordered surgical wards
sterilized and washing wounds in
antiseptics
• Cities built plumbing and sewer
systems to prevent spread of
disease
• Vaccines were developed for deadly
diseases

13. Scientific Achievements
• Charles Darwin developed his theory of
evolution
– Survival of the fittest
– Species adapt to their environment for
survival and pass on adaptations to their
offspring over generation

14. Scientific Achievements
• Gregor Mendel discovered between the
1850s and 1860s that certain traits are
inherited, thus beginning genetics
• John Dalton in 1803 theorized that all
matter is made up of atoms

15. Scientific Achievements
• In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev organized
elements into a chart we now know as the
Periodic Table

16. Scientific Achievements
• Marie and Pierre Curie
discovered two elements
that released a powerful
energy
– Radium
– Polonium
• 1898, Marie called this
energy radioactivity

17. Social Sciences
• Scholars begin to study ancient
civilizations and world cultures leading to
developments in the sciences of
– Archaeology
– Anthropology
– Sociology
– Psychology- the study of the human mind and
behavior

18. Social Sciences
• Ivan Pavlov believed human actions were
unconscious reactions to experiences and
could be changed by training
– i.e. Pavlov’s Dog

19. Social Science
• Sigmund Freud also believed
the unconscious mind drives
how people think and act
– Suppressed memories,
desires, and impulses shape
behavior
• Developed psychoanalysis
therapy to deal with conflict
created by these forces

20. Mass Culture on the Rise
• Prior to the 20th
Century art, music, and
theatre were only enjoyed by the wealthy
• Around 1900 came Mass Culture- the
appeal of art, writing, music, and other
forms of entertainment for the masses
• More leisure time for people led them to
demand more activities and entertainment

23. Entertainment
• Music Halls/Vaudeville Acts
– Singers
– Dancers
– Comedians
– Jugglers
– Magicians
– Acrobats
A cross between SNL and the Circus

24. Movies are Developed
• During the 1880s several inventors
attempted to project moving images
• By 1900 filmmakers were producing
feature films
• By 1910 10,000 Theaters
were open in the US alone

25. Sports Entertainment
• Spectator sports became entertainment at
the turn of the century
• United States
– Football and Baseball

26. Sports Entertainment
• European professional soccer clubs drew
large crowds of spectators
• Cricket also was a popular British sport

27. Sports Entertainment
• The growing international interest in
athletics revived the Olympic Games of
Ancient Greek times
• 1896 first modern Olympic Games held in
Athens, Greece