1.9 what are we made of
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1. Scientists can determine the temperature and chemical composition of stars like the Sun by analyzing their light spectra, which show unique absorption patterns for each element. 2. The Sun cannot be simply a burning ball of gas, as it would have consumed all its fuel long ago. Nuclear fusion within the Sun combines hydrogen nuclei into helium, releasing energy over billions of years. 3. Heavy elements like those found on Earth are produced when larger stars undergo supernovae, fusing hydrogen and helium into heavier elements through successive nuclear fusion until the star explodes, distributing these elements throughout the universe.
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Bigbang Nucleosynthesis and evidences of big bang theory.pptx
The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity about 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. During the first moments, elementary particles formed as the universe cooled and expanded. Over millions of years, simple atoms formed and later combined to create the first stars and galaxies. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the expansion of the universe, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the relative abundances of light elements.
Formation of Heavier Elements.pptx
The document discusses the synthesis of new elements, beginning with the earliest elements of hydrogen and helium formed in the Big Bang. It then explains how elements up to iron are formed through nuclear fusion in stars, and how heavier elements are created through neutron capture processes during supernovae or in the cores of massive stars. The text also outlines several key discoveries in the development of the periodic table and synthesis of both naturally occurring and man-made transuranic elements.
Beyond Earth
What's beyond earth in space? This presentation gives you some knowledge about the celestial objects beyond earth
phy sci ppt.pptx
1) Elements lighter than iron, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium, were formed in the early universe during the Big Bang via nuclear fusion of protons and neutrons (Big Bang nucleosynthesis).
2) Heavier elements up to iron are produced through nuclear fusion reactions in the cores of stars as they evolve on the main sequence and later stages. Fusion of lighter elements releases energy.
3) Elements heavier than iron are produced by neutron capture processes during supernova explosions, which blast material from the cores of massive stars into space, contributing to the chemical evolution of galaxies.
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7La/1
The document summarizes key facts about the Earth:
1) The planet we live on is called Earth. It gets its heat and light from the Sun. The Moon is Earth's natural satellite and orbits Earth once every 28 days.
2) A diagram labels that one side of Earth experiences nighttime while the other experiences daytime due to its rotation on its axis.
3) Additional facts provided are that Earth's year has 365 days, a leap year occurs every 4 years, Earth orbits the Sun in 365.25 days, and Earth completes one spin every 24 hours.
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A day is the time it takes for the Earth to spin on its axis. A month is the time it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth. A year is the time it takes for the Earth to orbit once around the Sun. The document contains information about the definitions of a day, month, and year according to the movement and positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun in space. It also lists learning objectives about describing and explaining the motions that cause days, months, years, and seasons.
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This document outlines learning objectives related to understanding the motion of objects in space, including: how the Earth revolves around the sun and rotates on its axis, causing day/night and seasons; how the tilt of the Earth's axis causes seasons; why we see phases of the Moon and solar/lunar eclipses occur; how to distinguish between stars and planets based on their motion; and how our understanding of the universe has developed over time through scientific observation.
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Pupils conducted a sound experiment in a playground to investigate how walls cast sound shadows. They took sound level measurements at various points around the playground using a sound meter after making a standard sound. The measurements showed lower sound levels in positions located behind walls and structures relative to the sound source, demonstrating the shadowing effect of walls on sound propagation.
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This document discusses forces, mass, and acceleration. It provides examples of calculating acceleration using the equation F=ma. It includes sample problems such as determining the force needed to accelerate a space shuttle or the acceleration of a cyclist pedaling with a given force. Practice problems are provided for students to calculate acceleration, force, or mass given two of the three variables.
Forces making a force meter
A force meter measures force in Newtons. It works by using a rubber band of known length that stretches when a force is applied. The amount the rubber band stretches corresponds to the amount of force applied, allowing the force to be measured in Newtons on a scale.
6.3 food glorious food
Food contains chemical energy that originally comes from the Sun. The amount of energy a person needs each day can vary depending on factors like their body size, age, gender, activity levels, and environmental conditions like temperature. While two people may consume the same amount of energy, one may still gain weight due to differences in their metabolism or physical activity levels.
Assignment 6.1
This document contains instructions and questions for Assignment 6.1. Students are instructed to show all working and include relevant units. The questions involve calculating quantities using given values and units, including multiplying and dividing measurements in m, m3, ml, and kg/m3. Conversions between standard and scientific notation are also required.
Assignment 6.2
This document contains a possible table of results that shows temperature readings in degrees Celsius taken at 11:00, 12:00, 13:00 and 14:00 hours each day from Monday to Friday. The temperatures generally increase throughout the day, with the highest readings occurring between 13:00 and 14:00 hours each afternoon.
6.4 bending light
The document discusses the refraction of light and how it causes optical illusions. It explains that when light travels from one material to another of different density, it changes direction. Specifically, light bends toward the normal when moving to a denser material, and away from the normal when moving to a less dense material. The document provides instructions for an experiment to observe and measure the refraction of light through a glass block at different angles of incidence.
6.4 bending light
Light changes direction when moving between different materials due to refraction. An experiment is described where a glass block is used to refract light rays entering at various angles, and the angles are measured and graphed. The graph shows the relationship between the incident and refracted angles, with the refracted angle increasing as the incident angle increases. This property of refraction is important for applications like lenses and understanding optical illusions.
Assignment 6.1 answers
This document contains 6 math questions requiring calculations with units. Question 1 involves multiplying two lengths. Question 2 gives a length. Question 3 involves (a) multiplying three lengths and (b) multiplying the results of part a. Question 4 involves (a) converting ml to m3 and (b) writing the answer in scientific notation. Question 5 involves (a) calculating length and volume and (b) calculating density. Question 6 involves calculating volume and density. Full working and units are required for all answers.
6.4 bending light
1. Light changes direction when moving between different materials due to refraction. Scientists studying refracting telescopes need accurate information on how light refracts when moving between air and glass.
2. An experiment is described where light passes through a semicircular glass block and the angle of refraction is measured for different angles of incidence.
3. The results are plotted on a graph showing the relationship between incident and refracted angles, helping to understand how optics can correct vision problems.
5.8 current and pd in a circuit
The document discusses a circuit with two components in series, a resistor and a buzzer, that have different resistances. It asks what the potential difference (p.d.) is across each component and what this reveals about their relative resistances. It then provides learning objectives and example calculations for current, potential difference, and resistance in series circuits.
Speed and velocity
The document discusses key concepts related to speed, velocity, distance, and time. It provides definitions of speed, distance, displacement, velocity, and average and instantaneous speed. Examples are given to illustrate the difference between distance and displacement. Graphs showing variations in distance and velocity over time are presented, and the relationships between distance, time, speed, velocity, and their equations are summarized in a table.
Document in windows internet explorer
The document describes an experiment to determine the laws of reflection. [1] Students are instructed to use a mirror, light source, and protractor to measure the angle of incidence and reflection of light rays. [2] They will shine light at a mirror from various angles and measure the corresponding reflected angles to see if the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. [3] By plotting their results on a graph, students can evaluate whether the evidence supports the statement that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
6.3 giant mirror
A village in Italy installed a large mirror on a mountain opposite their village to direct sunlight into the village. The mirror helped brighten the village by reflecting sunlight into the dark areas between the mountains. Villagers could now grow crops that previously did not receive enough sunlight. The mirror demonstrated how reflected light can help illuminate dark spaces.
6.2 energy everywhere
This document discusses different types of energy, including potential energy which is stored or hidden energy that has the ability to do work, and kinetic energy which is energy of motion. It lists learning objectives about forms of energy and energy transfers. The rest of the document appears to contain questions at different levels about energy, asking about heat energy, potential vs kinetic energy, energy transfers, examples of potential energy storage, and drawing energy transfer diagrams.
Mark scheme
This document is a coursework assessment form for a GCE Advanced Subsidiary physics course. It provides criteria for evaluating student coursework in 5 areas: [1] the quality and independence of the student's research briefing, [2] the use and understanding of physics demonstrated, and [3] the selection, summarizing, explanation, and [4] understanding/critical thinking shown in the student's work. Scores from 1-5 are given for each criterion, with 5 being the highest score. The form also includes the student's name and ID number for record keeping purposes.
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1.9 what are we made of
- 1. 1.9 What are we made of? December 7, 2010