This document discusses static members in C#, including fields, methods, constructors, classes, and properties. Static members belong to the type rather than individual instances, so no instance is required to access them. Static members help optimize memory usage since only one copy is created rather than a copy for each instance. Static classes can only contain static members and cannot be instantiated. A static constructor is used to initialize static fields and performs actions that only need to happen once rather than with each instance.