18- BONE TUMORSDr.sib good education ppt
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Bone tumors can be primary, originating in bone tissue, or secondary (metastatic) tumors that have spread from other sites. They are classified based on the normal cell type and include hematopoietic, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and others of unknown or various origins. Evaluation of bone tumors involves history, physical exam, labs/imaging, and biopsy. Radiography provides key information like the site and borders of the lesion, type of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, and matrix/soft tissue involvement to characterize the tumor and determine if it is benign or malignant.
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This document discusses bone tumors, classifying them as either primary bone tumors that originate in bone or secondary bone tumors that have metastasized from other sites. Primary bone tumors are further divided into benign or malignant subgroups. Common benign bone tumors include osteochondromas, enchondromas, and osteoid osteomas. Malignant primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Secondary bone tumors most often spread from the breast, prostate, lung, kidney, or thyroid. Bone tumors are also classified based on imaging appearance and tissue of origin. Diagnosis involves history, imaging such as x-rays, and biopsy. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
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Primary bone tumors can arise from bone or cartilage cells and are either benign or malignant. The most common primary malignant bone tumors are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma typically affects teenagers and presents as pain in the long bones. Chondrosarcoma is usually slow growing and affects older adults, most commonly in the pelvis or shoulder. Ewing's sarcoma affects bone or soft tissue in teenagers and young adults. Fibrosarcoma can occur as a soft tissue or bone tumor, usually in the femur or tibia. Secondary bone tumors most commonly spread from the lung, prostate, breast, or liver and deposit in
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02 bone Tumors
Metastasis is the MC malignancy of bone.
Breast cancer is the MC primary site.
Others include:
Prostate ,Lung ,Kidney and thyroid
Nature of metastasis
Osteolytic:
Destructive
Most mets (breast**, lung, kidney etc)
Osteoblastic:
Reactive new bone formation
Carcinoma prostate**, breast Ca.
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Primary bone tumors are rare, accounting for only 0.2-0.5% of all tumors. The majority of bone tumors are secondary metastases rather than primary tumors. Primary bone tumors are classified based on the cell of origin and can be benign or malignant. Benign bone tumors are more common in children and adolescents while malignant tumors typically present in older age groups. Diagnosis involves clinical presentation, imaging studies such as x-ray and biopsy. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant and the specific type and stage of tumor.
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The document provides an overview of musculoskeletal tumors, including:
- Benign bone tumors are most common, while primary malignant bone tumors are rare but account for 5% of childhood cancers.
- Presentation includes pain, swelling, and pathological fractures. Examination looks for swelling, adenopathy, and metastasis.
- Plain X-rays are used to characterize tumors based on location, margins, destruction pattern, and other features. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
- Treatment involves surgery such as limb salvage or amputation, with reconstruction options. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as adjuvants for malignant tumors.
Bone Tumors
This document provides information about various bone tumors. It begins by describing the structure of long bones and bone cells. It then classifies bone tumors as either benign or malignant, and lists examples of tumors from bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue and other origins. For each tumor type, it provides details on characteristics such as typical age, location, symptoms, radiological features, pathology and treatment options. Some of the specific bone tumors covered include osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, chondroma, chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor.
Bone tumors
defination,classification,haemopoeitic tumors,osteogenic,chondrogenic,investigations of bone tumors,surgical management,etiology,
bonetumors-161023202240 (1).pdf
This document discusses bone tumors, classifying them as either primary bone tumors that originate in bone or secondary bone tumors that metastasize from other sites. Primary bone tumors are further divided into benign or malignant subgroups. Common benign bone tumors include osteochondromas, enchondromas, and osteoid osteomas. Malignant primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Secondary bone tumors most often spread from the breast, prostate, lung, kidney or thyroid. Classification depends on tumor location, tissue of origin, and other radiological features. Diagnosis involves history, imaging such as x-rays, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
bonetumors-161023202240.pdf
This document discusses bone tumors, classifying them as either primary bone tumors that originate in bone or secondary bone tumors that have metastasized from other sites. Primary bone tumors are further divided into benign or malignant subgroups. Common benign bone tumors include osteochondromas, enchondromas, and osteoid osteomas. Malignant primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Secondary bone tumors most often spread from the breast, prostate, lung, kidney, or thyroid. Bone tumors are also classified based on imaging appearance and tissue of origin. Diagnosis involves history, imaging such as x-rays, and biopsy. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
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The radial nerve provides motor innervation to the posterior forearm muscles and cutaneous sensation to the back of the arm and lateral forearm. It arises from the brachial plexus and travels through the spiral groove of the humerus. Damage to the radial nerve can result in wrist drop and sensory loss on the dorsal hand. Injuries commonly occur in the axilla, spiral groove, or at the radial tunnel at the elbow.
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The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure running from the foramen magnum to the L1-L2 vertebrae. It contains white and gray matter and is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. The spinal cord transmits motor and sensory information between the brain and body via ascending and descending tracts. It is supplied by the anterior and posterior spinal arteries and drained by veins that communicate with the azygos system.
Brain Anatomy.pptx
The document describes the anatomy of the brain including sulci and gyri. It discusses typical continuous fissures such as the interhemispheric fissure and sylvian fissure. It then describes the lobes of the brain including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and limbic lobes. Key sulci and gyri are identified for each lobe on the lateral, medial and basal surfaces of the brain. Signs to identify sulci on MRI are also provided.
Anatomy of THALAMUS.pptx
The thalamus is a large mass of gray matter located in the cerebrum that serves as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to and from the cerebral cortex. It has several nuclei that are involved in functions like sensory processing, motor control, arousal, memory, and cognition. The thalamus receives inputs from various subcortical structures and sends outputs to different regions of the cerebral cortex via fiber tracts called thalamic radiations. Damage to the thalamus can result in thalamic syndromes characterized by abnormal pain or sensory processing.
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This document discusses various types of vascular malformations of the brain. It begins by describing the histopathology and classification of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), venous angiomas, capillary telangiectasias, and cavernous malformations. It then covers the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis using angiography, and treatment options for AVMs including surgery, radiosurgery, and endovascular embolization. It also discusses dural arteriovenous fistulas, carotid cavernous fistulas, vein of Galen malformations, developmental venous anomalies, cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectasias, and sinus pericranii.
Embryology Of The Brain.pptx
The document summarizes the embryology of the brain. It describes how the neural tube forms from the ectoderm and divides into subdivisions. It then discusses the development of specific brain structures like the medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. Key events include formation of the neural plate and tube, development of brain vesicles and flexures, migration of neural crest cells, and growth and differentiation of structures derived from the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon.
Craniometry.ppt
This document discusses craniometry and cephalometry, which are techniques used to measure the skull and head. Craniometry involves measuring the dry skull after removing soft tissues, while cephalometry measures the head with soft tissues intact. Both are branches of physical anthropology. Key craniometric and cephalometric points are identified which are landmarks used to take measurements of the skull, face, and palate. Various indices are also described, such as cephalic index which categorizes head shape, and facial and palatomaxillary indices relating to face and palate width. Cephalometry is also used in dentistry and orthodontics to analyze teeth, jaws, and skull relationships to inform treatment.
Anatomy of visual pathway and its lesion.pptx
The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain. It has several parts:
1. The intraocular part passes through the eyeball.
2. The intraorbital part extends from the eyeball to the optic canal.
3. The intracanalicular part passes through the optic canal to the brain.
4. The intracranial part converges with the other optic nerve to form the optic chiasm in the brain.
3468280.ppt
Craniometry and functional craniology involve the measurement of the human skull and head to analyze differences between populations. This document outlines the history and objectives of craniometry, which include examining differences between species, investigating variations within species, and applying measurements in clinical and forensic applications. It then describes common anatomical landmarks, measuring devices and techniques, and analyses used to estimate characteristics like sex, age, and ethnicity from skull measurements.
INTELLIGENT AND FUNCTIONAL TEXTILE.pptx
This document provides an overview of smart and intelligent textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react or adapt in response through the integration of functionalities into the textile structure. Smart textiles are classified into three categories - passive, active, and ultra smart - based on their functional activity of sensing, reacting, and adapting. Examples of applications for smart textiles include military, healthcare, space exploration, and fashion. The document also discusses phase change materials and how they can be incorporated into textiles to provide thermoregulation properties for applications such as sportswear, bedding, and medical uses.
Solar Textiles.pptx
This document discusses solar cell textiles and flexible organic solar cells that can be incorporated into clothing and other fabrics. It describes how organic and inorganic photovoltaic technologies can be used to create flexible solar cells that are woven into fibers and fabrics. This allows for solar energy to be harvested from clothing and other textiles, providing a portable and lightweight source of renewable energy for various applications. Key benefits include lower costs compared to rigid solar panels and easier integration into apparel and other fabrics. However, more research is still needed to improve the efficiency and manufacturing of photovoltaic fibers and textile-based solar cells.
Introduction totextiles-1.pptx
The document discusses technical textiles in India. It notes that India's specialty fabric industry is still developing compared to global players. The government is focusing on upgrading infrastructure using technical textiles like geosynthetics and automotive nonwovens. Other niche areas seeing growth are medical, agricultural, and protective textiles. The document also outlines 12 main categories of technical textiles and variables involved in their production like polymers, fibers, yarns, fabrics, and finishing techniques.
Sampling.pptx
Sampling involves taking representative samples of raw materials or finished goods rather than testing entire populations due to constraints of time and cost. Samples are taken from test lots, consignments, packages, containers, and other groupings using random or unbiased sampling methods to ensure samples accurately represent properties of the whole. Common sampling methods include zoning, core sampling, numerical sampling, and random draw or cut square for fibers or yarns. Sample size and selection depends on material type, amount available, intended tests, and required accuracy.
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18- BONE TUMORSDr.sib good education ppt
- 1. BONE TUMORS
- 2. Bone tumors Bone tumors are classified into: Primary bone tumors Secondary bone tumors ( Metastasis) Most are classified according to the normal cell of origin and apparent pattern of differentiation
- 4. Histologic Type Benign Malignant Hematopoietic (40%) Myeloma Malignant lymphoma Chondrogenic (22%) Osteochondroma Chondrosarcoma Chondroma Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma Chondroblastoma Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Osteogenic (19%) Osteoid osteoma Osteosarcoma Osteoblastoma Unknown origin (10%) Giant cell tumor Ewing tumor Giant cell tumor Adamantinoma Histiocytic origin Fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Fibrogenic Metaphyseal fibrous defect (fibroma) Desmoplastic fibroma Fibrosarcoma Notochordal Chordoma Vascular Hemangioma Hemangioendothelioma Hemangiopericytoma Lipogenic Lipoma Liposarcoma Neurogenic Neurilemmoma
- 5. Analytic approach to evaluation of the bone neoplasm
- 6. Evaluation History Physical examination Investigations; labs, imaging Biopsy
- 7. Radiography Information yielded by radiography includes : Site of the Lesion Borders of the lesion/zone of transition Type of bone destruction Periosteal reaction Matrix of the lesion Nature and extent of soft tissue involvement
- 10. Distribution of various lesions in a long tubular bone in a growing skeleton Site of the lesion. Distribution of various lesions in a long tubular bone after skeletal maturity
- 11. Borders of the lesion determine its growth rate. sharp sclerotic sharp lytic ill-defined.
- 12. Malignant lesions are seen predominantly in its anterior part (body) istribution of various lesions in a vertebra. Benign lesions predominate in its posterior elements.
- 13. An uninterrupted periosteal reaction usually indicates a benign process, whereas an interrupted reaction indicates a malignant or aggressive nonmalignant process Types of periosteal reaction.
- 14. Interrupted type of periosteal reaction sunburst pattern - osteosarcoma lamellated or onion-skin type in ewing sarcoma Ewing sarcoma - lamellated type Codman triangle (arrow)