17.business letters
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Business letters are the primary means of formal communication between organizations. They have specific components, including a letterhead, salutation, body, complimentary close, and signature. The body contains an introduction, main discussion, and conclusion. Business letters are used for various purposes like placing or acknowledging orders, filing complaints, sending invoices, and more. Common types include sales, order, complaint, adjustment, and follow-up letters. Proper structure and components ensure business letters are clear, professional, and achieve their intended purpose.
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Etiquettes of Business writing, Business letters: Memos, minutes, agendas, enquiries, orders, sales letters, notice, tenders, letters of application, letter of complaints, Job applications/Covering letters, Report writing, Types of report (Sales report, Committee report and technical report) . E-Mail Etiquettes, Formal & Informal email writing
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This document discusses business correspondence, which refers to written communication related to business activities. It occurs between organizations, within organizations, or between customers and organizations. Business correspondence is needed to maintain relationships, serve as evidence, create goodwill, allow for formal communication, and be inexpensive. The main types discussed are business letters, emails, memorandums, and sales/application letters. Business letters are the most formal type, usually sent between companies, while emails are less formal for internal communication and memorandums are even less formal messages within a company.
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- Ledgers are used to know account balances, provide information about each account, prepare trial balances, and determine amounts due from customers and owed to suppliers.
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The document discusses business correspondence and its various types, including business letters, memos, faxes, and emails. It describes the major parts of business letters, such as the heading, date, greeting, body, complimentary close, and signature. It also discusses letter styles, such as full-block, modified block, and indented styles. Finally, it outlines the key parts of an application letter, including the heading, date, greeting, four paragraph body emphasizing qualifications and requesting action, and closing.
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The document discusses the definition, purpose, structure, and types of business letters. It provides tips for writing effective business letters and explains the typical parts of a business letter including the letterhead, salutation, body, complimentary close, and signature. Examples are given of different types of business letters like sales letters, order letters, and complaint letters.
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The document discusses business correspondence and its various types, including business letters, memos, faxes, and emails. It describes the major parts of business letters, such as the heading, date, greeting, body, complimentary close, and signature. It also discusses letter styles, such as full-block, modified block, and indented styles. Finally, it outlines the key parts of an application letter, including the heading, date, greeting, four paragraph body emphasizing qualifications and requesting action, and closing.
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Hand written Notes of auditing:-
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The document provides information about business letters, including who writes them, why they are written, common purposes, vocabulary, qualities of successful letters, formats, and types of letters. It discusses the components of business letters such as salutations, paragraphs, closings, and offers tips for writing clearly and concisely. Specific letter types covered include inquiry letters, reply letters, order letters, sales letters, adjustment letters, and acceptance letters, outlining key points for each.
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Kinds of company meetings
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Prepare a note on business correspondence and strategies required for writing...
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planning and characteristics of sound plan in management
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The document provides information on report writing and business letter writing, including the structure and features of effective reports, the components and types of business letters, and examples of each. It discusses the purpose, components, and importance of reports, as well as the key parts of business letters like the letterhead, salutation, body, complimentary close, and signature. Examples of both a report and business letter are included.
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A business letter is a form of written communication between organizations used to convey information for various purposes like sales, claims, quotations, collections, enquiries, and job applications. There are several types of business letters that follow specific guidelines for content and structure depending on their purpose. For example, a sales letter should attract attention, present benefits, and include a call to action, while a claim letter clearly explains issues, provides details, and specifies a fair resolution. Business letters must be tailored to achieve their intent, whether to resolve disputes, request information, or apply for employment, while maintaining a professional tone.
Formal Letter Writing (Application Writing).pptx
Formal letter writing is a structured and professional mode of communication commonly used in various fields, including engineering, to convey information, make requests, or address specific issues. It follows a predefined format and tone, adhering to established conventions and etiquette. The purpose of formal letters is to maintain clarity, professionalism, and a sense of formality in written communication.
**Key Elements of Formal Letter Writing:**
1. **Sender's Address:** Positioned at the top right corner of the letter, it includes the sender's name, address, and contact information.
2. **Date:** Placed below the sender's address, indicating the date when the letter is written.
3. **Recipient's Address:** Positioned on the left side below the date, containing the recipient's name, title, company/organization, and address.
4. **Salutation (Greeting):** A formal greeting addressing the recipient, such as "Dear Mr. Smith," or "To Whom It May Concern."
5. **Introduction/Opening:** The initial paragraph that introduces the purpose of the letter and establishes a formal tone.
6. **Body:** The main content of the letter, where the sender presents information, makes requests, or discusses specific matters in a clear and organized manner. The body can be divided into paragraphs for better readability.
7. **Closing:** A formal closing statement that summarizes the purpose of the letter and leads to the conclusion. Common closings include "Sincerely," "Yours faithfully," or "Best regards."
8. **Signature:** A space for the sender to sign the letter, usually placed between the closing and the typed name.
**Types of Formal Letters:**
1. **Job Application Letters:** Used when applying for a job, internship, or any employment opportunity.
2. **Cover Letters:** Accompany resumes or job applications, providing additional information about the applicant's qualifications and interest in a particular position.
3. **Business Letters:** Addressed to individuals or organizations for various business-related purposes, such as inquiries, complaints, or proposals.
4. **Complaint Letters:** Express dissatisfaction or make a complaint regarding a product, service, or situation.
5. **Inquiry Letters:** Seek information or clarification on a particular matter.
6. **Recommendation Letters:** Provide a positive endorsement or reference for an individual, typically used in employment or academic contexts.
Written communication
The document discusses the importance of written communication and provides guidelines for effective business letter writing. It defines the different types of letters and their purposes. Key aspects of a good business letter are discussed such as essential elements, structure, tone, and layout. Effective openings, bodies, and closings are outlined. Dos and don'ts of letter writing are also provided.
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Reportwriting And Business letter Writing Presentation
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OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, Format of all correspondence.pptx
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Strategies for effective oral presentations
This document discusses strategies for effective oral presentations. It covers preparing an effective presentation by determining the purpose, analyzing the audience, and creating visual aids. It also discusses different ways of delivering an oral message, such as extemporaneous, reading, or memorization. Strategies are provided for effective oral delivery, including varying pitch, rate and volume. Strategies for effective non-verbal delivery include posture, movement, gestures and facial expressions. The document also distinguishes between informative and persuasive public speaking.
14.proposal writing
A proposal is a document written to persuade the reader to accept a plan or course of action. Proposals analyze needs or problems, present solutions, and persuade the audience that the proposed solution is best. Proposals can be internal or external, and solicited or unsolicited. Internal proposals seek approval within an organization, while external proposals seek approval from clients or officials. Solicited proposals respond to requests, and unsolicited proposals attempt to obtain business without invitation. Proposals vary in length and structure but typically include an introduction, body, and conclusion for short proposals or additional front and back matter sections for long proposals.
4. non verbal communication
This document discusses various forms of non-verbal communication including body language, proxemics, paralanguage, and sign language. It explains that non-verbal communication accounts for over 50% of total communication and includes gestures, eye contact, postures, handshakes, use of space, volume and pitch of speech, and pauses. Specific gestures like emblems and regulators are defined along with how characteristics like loudness, pitch, and speech rate can alter meaning. Factors like territoriality and use of color in surroundings are also covered.
Report writing
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a rental agreement between John Doe and ABC Properties for the lease of an apartment located at 123 Main St from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023. The tenant agrees to pay $1,000 per month in rent and a $500 security deposit. The landlord and tenant agree to abide by their respective responsibilities regarding maintenance, repairs, guests, and other rules as detailed in the rental agreement.
Uv vis-instrument-1
Optical spectroscopy instruments are constructed from components including a radiant energy source, wavelength selector, sample containers, radiation detector, and signal processor. Spectrometers employ various sources such as tungsten filament lamps, hydrogen/deuterium lamps, and lasers. Wavelength selection is performed using filters or monochromators containing prisms or diffraction gratings. Radiation is detected using phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, or silicon photodiodes. Instruments can be single beam, double beam in space, or double beam in time. Molecular absorption spectroscopy utilizes these components to study electronic and vibrational transitions using UV-Vis light.
8.ethical issues in communication
This document discusses ethical issues in communication. It defines ethics as the science of character expressed through right and wrong conduct. Ethical communication involves conveying all relevant information truthfully and accurately without manipulating, discriminating against, or exaggerating language. Some examples of unethical communication are plagiarism, selective misquoting to paint an untruthful picture, misrepresenting numbers, and distorting visuals like graphs and charts. Ethical communication maintains a relationship with the audience by conveying the point without offending while ensuring accuracy and not withholding crucial information.
9.written communication
The document outlines a three-step process for effective business writing:
1. Planning the message by defining the purpose, developing an audience profile, and adapting the message for the audience.
2. Writing the message by organizing it in a coherent manner and composing it with the appropriate tone, word choice, and sentence/paragraph structure.
3. Completing the message by revising it to evaluate content, organization, style, and tone, and to review for readability, clarity, and conciseness.
10.the memorandum
The document provides information on memo formats and types. A memo has a header with sender and recipient information, a subject line, and message. It is used to efficiently convey important information through recommendations, procedures, personnel changes, persuasion, or feedback. Memos have one-inch margins and the text begins two spaces after the subject line. Common memo types include directives, which state a policy or procedure; responses, which provide requested information; and field reports, which document inspections and results.
5.formal informal comm channels
This document discusses formal and informal communication in organizations. Formal communication involves sharing official information through prescribed channels like downward communication from upper management to subordinates, upward communication from subordinates to upper levels, and horizontal communication between peers. It can occur through memos, reports, meetings and other structured modes. Informal communication, or the grapevine, is unplanned communication based on personal relationships that deviates from formal channels. It typically involves gossip and chatting between employees in informal networks that take the form of chains, clusters, or random probability patterns.
Sample report 1
This document provides a market report on contaminated land assessment and remediation in the UK published by MSI Marketing Research for Industry Ltd. Some key findings from the report include:
- The market value for contaminated land assessment in the UK increased by 45% between 2002-2006 due to improving accuracy demands, residential development on brownfield land, and an increased focus on environmental sustainability.
- The market value for contaminated land remediation in the UK rose by 32% over the same period. This was driven by directives around landfill, demands for brownfield development, limitations in existing remediation technologies, and pressure to complete projects within tight timeframes.
- The report analyses factors influencing supply and demand across both
Interviews
This document outlines the stages and types of job interviews, as well as tips for before, during, and after an interview. It discusses the screening, selection, and final stages of interviews. Interview formats can be structured, open-ended, for selection, promotion, appraisal, stress, or exit purposes. Interviews can take place in-person, by phone, or computer-aided. Pre-interview tips include researching the job and company, preparing answers to common questions, and bringing copies of your resume. During the interview, remain relaxed, listen carefully, ask clarifying questions if needed, and thank the interviewers. Follow up after by evaluating your performance and sending a thank you note.
Type a and b personalities
Type A personalities are fast workers who emphasize quantity over quality, find it hard to delegate responsibility, see setbacks as challenges to race against, tend to make hasty decisions, and experience more stress. In contrast, Type B personalities are more relaxed, emphasize quality over quantity, more easily delegate responsibility, see setbacks as obstacles to overcome, make calm and thoughtful decisions, and experience less stress.
how miscommunication can lead to worst situation
Two crucial pieces of miscommunication led to the disaster of Avianca Flight 52. When the aircraft was passed to local air traffic controllers, they were not informed it had little fuel to reach an alternative airport. Also, the crew did not declare a "fuel emergency," which would have signaled the danger. As a result, the plane was given a landing pattern it lacked enough fuel to execute, and the engines flamed out on approach, causing the plane to crash and kill 65 passengers and 8 crew. The document discusses how miscommunication can easily occur and have severe consequences, especially in high-risk fields like air travel, where even small errors can lead to tragedy.
3.verbal and non verbal communication
The document discusses different forms of verbal communication, including oral and written communication. It describes oral communication as the interchange of verbal messages between a sender and receiver through speech. Some key elements of good oral communication are voice quality, style, word choice, and adaptation to the listener. Methods of oral communication include conversations, interviews, telephone calls, and presentations. Written communication allows for ready reference, legal documentation, uniformity, and mass access but lacks immediate feedback.
7. effective listening
The document discusses effective listening. It identifies listening as the accurate perception of what is being communicated and notes that good listeners are trusted more and seen as competent leaders. It describes different types of listening including active, passive, content, critical/evaluative, and empathic listening. It also outlines the listening process of receiving, interpreting, remembering, evaluating, and responding. Finally, it provides tips for improving listening skills such as looking beyond the speaker's style, fighting distractions, providing feedback, and listening actively.
2.barriers in communication
This document discusses various barriers to effective communication and categorizes them. It identifies semantic, organizational, psycho-sociological, cultural, and physical barriers that can influence the clarity, accuracy and effectiveness of communication. Recognizing these barriers is the first step to improving communication styles. The document provides examples of each type of barrier and suggests ways for senders and receivers to overcome barriers through active listening, clarifying meaning, and ensuring the message is tailored to the audience.
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17.business letters
- 2. BUSINESS LETTERS A business letter is the official communication made by the organisation written typically on the organisational letterhead and addressed to the external audience such as customer, supplier, shareholder or government agency.
- 3. PURPOSE OF BUSINESS LETTERS Companies have to correspond with other enterprises for varied reasons: ◦ Placing orders for goods & services required from other firms ◦ Acknowledging and executing orders for other firms ◦ Granting credits to other parties ◦ Negotiating credits from other parties ◦ To file complaints and for their follow up ◦ Sending statement of accounts for debtors ◦ Receiving statement of accounts from suppliers etc
- 4. TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTERS Sales Letters Order Letters Complaint Letters Adjustment Letters Enquiry Letters Follow-Up Letter Letters of Recommendation Acknowledgment Letters
- 5. PARTS/COMPONENTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER Letterhead Reference number Date Special markings Inside address Salutation Subject heading Main body Complementary close Signatory of letter Enclosures Copies circulated Initials markings for identification Postscript
- 6. Letter head ◦ Full name of the firm ◦ Postal address ◦ Pin code ◦ Telephone no(s) ◦ Fax no(s) ◦ Email ID etc
- 7. Reference Number of the letter ◦ Essential for large firms as it facilitates connecting up the next correspondence. Date of letter ◦ Every letter must have a date of issue that is written in two ways: ◦ Dd/mm/yyyy or 27 January 2010 ◦ Mm/dd/yyyy or January 27, 2010
- 8. Special markings ◦ Many letters need to be given special markings: ◦ Confidential ◦ Airmail ◦ Registered post ◦ Speed post ◦ Courier etc ◦ These markings carry special meaning and are also put on the envelope.
- 9. Inside address ◦ complete name and address of the recipient Salutation ◦ It is a formal greeting to the recipient of the letter message. Its choice is directly dependent upon the extent of formality one wishes to observe Dear Sir / Madam Dear Mr Dhingra / Ms Gautam
- 10. Subject heading ◦ Appropriate heading denoting the subject of the letter being written is usually given e.g., Application for loan, Bill No -------- for ------- dated ------
- 11. Body Opening Part ◦ Devoted to a brief introduction and stating the purpose of the letter ◦ Attention of the reader should be drawn to the previous correspondence, if any. For example with reference to your letter no. 326 dated. 12th March 2003.... Main part ◦ Longer and presents the relevant facts in a logical sequence. ◦ Should be precise and written in clear words.
- 12. Concluding part Contains a statement the of sender’s intentions, hopes or expectations concerning the next step to be taken. Should have a “conclusion” that sums up the letter politely, usually soliciting a reply. ◦ A few standard forms of concluding phrases are: Thanking you We thank you in anticipation Looking forward to a positive response We would be glad to furnish any further information
- 13. Complimentary close ◦ Should match the form of salutation used in the beginning of the letter. Salutation Complimentary close (i) Sir Yours truly (ii) Dear Sir / Madam Yours faithfully (iii) Dear Mr / Ms Yours sincerely
- 14. Signatory of letter ◦ The name and official designation of the sender should be clearly stated . Enclosures ◦ These must be stated clearly after the signature of the sender. Any document sent must be stated clearly for future reference.
- 15. Copies distributed ◦ Usually, copies of the letter are sent to persons for the following reasons: For information only For complementary action(s) as appropriate Post script ◦ People write postscript as a last minute addition to what has been said in the letter.