This chapter discusses the role of public relations for fire and life safety educators. It distinguishes between public relations, publicity, and marketing. It identifies key internal and external audiences and discusses principles of public relations like effective communication, monitoring issues, and addressing concerns. The chapter also covers persuading audiences, developing messages, using various publicity tools like press releases and social media, and the importance of community involvement and word-of-mouth marketing.
Public relations plays an important role in promoting organizations and managing their relationships and reputation with key stakeholders. It aims to build goodwill and distribute positive information about an organization through various communication tools and channels at a lower cost than advertising. Some of the main functions of public relations include press relations, product publicity, corporate communications, lobbying, and advising management. Common public relations tools include written materials, events, media relations, corporate identity materials, and community involvement. An effective public relations strategy incorporates two-way communication to understand stakeholder perspectives and help organizations address any issues before they become problems.
The document discusses best practices for managing media relations for events and crisis communications, including identifying publicity needs, partnering with media, and providing media services for events. It also covers identifying and managing risks before a crisis occurs, developing messaging and spokesperson strategies, and organizing emergency media activities. The presentation provides examples and recommendations for effectively working with media during both regular events and crisis situations.
Media advocacy involves strategically using mass media to support community organizing and advance social issues. It can help frame issues to increase support for policies, shift public debates, and create awareness. The document outlines 5 steps to effective media advocacy: 1) understanding media composition, 2) getting media attention, 3) framing debates, 4) bridging gaps between media and people, and 5) advancing policies. It also discusses principles like credibility, collaboration, and clear messaging, and how media can be used to illustrate issues, focus attention, and generate support for causes.
This document provides guidance and strategies for developing an effective communications plan to engage stakeholders and address challenges facing a school district. It discusses:
1) Conducting stakeholder mapping and media audits to understand key audiences and influencers.
2) Defining goals and objectives for advocacy and PR efforts over the short, medium, and long term.
3) Developing targeted messaging and selecting appropriate communication channels to reach different stakeholder groups.
4) Engaging stakeholders through various in-person and digital engagement strategies to understand their perspectives and build support.
5) Creating a crisis management plan to effectively respond to and recover from potential crises through open communication and demonstrating commitment to transparency.
Get to grips with strategy | Small charities communications conference | 12 J...CharityComms
Simon Williams, communications consultant and trainer, Communicating Causes
Visit the CharityComms website to view slides from past events, see what events we have coming up and to check out what else we do: www.charitycomms.org.uk
Public Relationship Management Module-1.pptxAshita Savsani
The document provides an overview of public relations management. It begins with discussing the history of public relations, tracing it back to the late 1800s when techniques were used to promote settlement in the American West. It describes how public relations became a formal profession between the late 1800s and early 1900s. The document then outlines the objectives of public relations management modules and lists common public relations tools and techniques. Finally, it discusses the roles and responsibilities of public relations managers.
This document discusses publicity and media relations. It defines publicity as information about an event, individual, group or product disseminated through news media to attract favorable public notice. Publicity is gained by dealing directly with media through initiating communication or reacting to inquiries. Some key publicity tools discussed include news releases, special events, press conferences, and media interviews. The document also covers important media categories like newspapers, magazines, radio, television and their characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of good media relations and following rules like being honest, providing newsworthy stories, and not pressuring media.
Public relations plays an important role in promoting organizations and managing their relationships and reputation with key stakeholders. It aims to build goodwill and distribute positive information about an organization through various communication tools and channels at a lower cost than advertising. Some of the main functions of public relations include press relations, product publicity, corporate communications, lobbying, and advising management. Common public relations tools include written materials, events, media relations, corporate identity materials, and community involvement. An effective public relations strategy incorporates two-way communication to understand stakeholder perspectives and help organizations address any issues before they become problems.
The document discusses best practices for managing media relations for events and crisis communications, including identifying publicity needs, partnering with media, and providing media services for events. It also covers identifying and managing risks before a crisis occurs, developing messaging and spokesperson strategies, and organizing emergency media activities. The presentation provides examples and recommendations for effectively working with media during both regular events and crisis situations.
Media advocacy involves strategically using mass media to support community organizing and advance social issues. It can help frame issues to increase support for policies, shift public debates, and create awareness. The document outlines 5 steps to effective media advocacy: 1) understanding media composition, 2) getting media attention, 3) framing debates, 4) bridging gaps between media and people, and 5) advancing policies. It also discusses principles like credibility, collaboration, and clear messaging, and how media can be used to illustrate issues, focus attention, and generate support for causes.
This document provides guidance and strategies for developing an effective communications plan to engage stakeholders and address challenges facing a school district. It discusses:
1) Conducting stakeholder mapping and media audits to understand key audiences and influencers.
2) Defining goals and objectives for advocacy and PR efforts over the short, medium, and long term.
3) Developing targeted messaging and selecting appropriate communication channels to reach different stakeholder groups.
4) Engaging stakeholders through various in-person and digital engagement strategies to understand their perspectives and build support.
5) Creating a crisis management plan to effectively respond to and recover from potential crises through open communication and demonstrating commitment to transparency.
Get to grips with strategy | Small charities communications conference | 12 J...CharityComms
Simon Williams, communications consultant and trainer, Communicating Causes
Visit the CharityComms website to view slides from past events, see what events we have coming up and to check out what else we do: www.charitycomms.org.uk
Public Relationship Management Module-1.pptxAshita Savsani
The document provides an overview of public relations management. It begins with discussing the history of public relations, tracing it back to the late 1800s when techniques were used to promote settlement in the American West. It describes how public relations became a formal profession between the late 1800s and early 1900s. The document then outlines the objectives of public relations management modules and lists common public relations tools and techniques. Finally, it discusses the roles and responsibilities of public relations managers.
This document discusses publicity and media relations. It defines publicity as information about an event, individual, group or product disseminated through news media to attract favorable public notice. Publicity is gained by dealing directly with media through initiating communication or reacting to inquiries. Some key publicity tools discussed include news releases, special events, press conferences, and media interviews. The document also covers important media categories like newspapers, magazines, radio, television and their characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of good media relations and following rules like being honest, providing newsworthy stories, and not pressuring media.
The document provides an overview of public relations including definitions, roles, crisis communication plans, functions of PR, differences between PR and branding, qualities of PR practitioners, differences between in-house PR and agency PR, media and non-media PR tools, importance of social responsibility and new age media in PR campaigns. Key points include defining PR as managing relationships between an organization and the public, the importance of planning for crises in advance, functions of PR like building reputation and handling media relations, and examples of using new age media like social media and websites for PR campaigns.
public service announcement as Informal knowledge systemVanita Saini
Public service announcements (PSAs) provide valuable information to the public to positively impact their lives without selling a product. This document discusses PSAs as an informal knowledge system in society. It outlines the objectives of studying PSAs, including how they communicate messages and their effects on social and economic growth. Case studies on India's "Pulse Polio" immunization campaign and the "Incredible India" tourism campaign are examined to show how PSAs can effectively change public opinion and behavior at the regional, national, and international levels through the use of emotional appeals.
Role Of Public Relations In Ngo Managementharshalsk
The document discusses the role of public relations in NGO management. It begins by explaining how previously many NGOs functioned in a traditional way without utilizing public relations to attract funds, social attention, and financial assistance. This led to issues like lack of adequate funding and development. The document then discusses how the importance of public relations in NGO management is now widely accepted. It explains how NGOs use PR strategies and campaigns to raise awareness, funds, and influence governments. The goal of the project is to analyze the PR processes and strategies used by different NGOs.
14 • COMMUNICATION WORLD • DECEMBER 2013 by Oliver S. Schm.docxmoggdede
The document discusses key stakeholders that organizations must communicate with during a crisis to protect their reputation. It identifies the three key stakeholders as employees, reporters from traditional news media, and social media users. It provides tips for effective crisis communication with each of these stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of establishing communication plans and designating spokespeople, building long-term relationships, monitoring coverage, and being prepared to engage on social media. The crisis communication approaches highlighted include empowering employees, addressing media inquiries quickly, and correcting any false information that emerges online.
International PR & Information Technology Jamal Nassar 2013Jamal Nassar
This document provides information about an upcoming training on International PR & Information Technology to be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from August 24-28, 2013. It is led by trainer Jamal Nassar and will cover topics such as the history and definitions of PR, current issues in the industry, functions and components of PR, and global PR practices. The document also shares definitions of PR, the roles of internal and external PR, a brief history of the field, and trends in the PR industry in 2012.
Messages And Media - Educating And PersuadingThomas Müller
This document provides guidance on developing effective messages for advocacy. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring messages to specific audiences by understanding their priorities, values and concerns. Key recommendations include keeping messages simple, using real-life stories and quotes, presenting facts and numbers creatively, and framing issues in a way that assigns responsibility and proposes solutions. The document also stresses pre-testing messages with focus groups to ensure they are understood and persuasive to intended audiences beyond just advocates. Framing issues strategically and crafting tailored messages for different stakeholders are essential to effective advocacy communication and outreach.
This document outlines community-based disaster risk reduction activities and an advocacy plan in Nairobi, Kenya.
The proposed DRR activities include (1) raising public awareness, (2) building volunteer capacity, (3) diversifying livelihoods, (4) using traditional knowledge, (5) including disaster education, (6) establishing early warning systems, (7) improving land use planning, (8) developing building codes, (9) obtaining political commitment, and (10) encouraging self-reliance through activities like kitchen gardens.
The 8-step advocacy plan involves (1) assessing vulnerabilities and capacities, (2) researching issues, (3) identifying stakeholders, (4) setting goals and
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsLaura Cognat
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, social media tactics, corporate social responsibility, and examples of successful and failed PR campaigns using social media. Discussion questions at the end explore how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media that may change in the future.
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsSasaTodorovic8
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, best practices for social media tactics and PR newsrooms, examples of successful and failed PR campaigns, and the role of corporate social responsibility and how it may change in the future. Discussion questions address how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media.
This document discusses strategies for crisis communications and preventing crises through proactive public relations. It emphasizes that detecting early warning signs through positive PR programs is crucial for prevention. It provides guidelines for communicating with different publics like the news media, employees, and customers during both normal operations and crisis situations. The key is communicating the right message to the right audience at the right time to protect the organization's reputation.
The Media represents a critical constituency for business. It must therefore be courted strategically in order to help attain organisational objectives.
Discussion What Is NewsAs you watch a local news program or re.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion: What Is News?
As you watch a local news program or read a newspaper, you consume the report of recent events created by professional—and sometimes amateur—writers, editors, and reporters. Regardless of their status, these journalists take time to consider the details of a story and how to present it to you, the news consumer. These details can have a powerful effect on how you perceive local, national, and world events. In this Discussion, you will have an opportunity to become a more savvy news consumer by choosing a news story, determining how it was created, and tracking its “newsworthiness” from the day the story “breaks” through several days afterward.
To prepare for this Discussion:
· Choose a discussion thread based on the topics available this week.
· Each thread will present a different topic for a news story. For the topic stated in your chosen thread, you will find a news story that has the necessary elements for it to be considered news and determine whether the news story will persist or fade away.
· Review Chapter 13 in the Course Text, The Dynamics of Mass Communication: Media in Transition.
· Based on the five elements in the reading, reflect upon what is considered to be “news” and what is not. How does the definition of news change?
· Consider the multiple modes of mass communication used to deliver news stories. How do you consume news? How does your choice of mode impact how you view local and world events?
For this Discussion, choose one thread from the choices listed this week. Each thread is limited to a maximum number of students based on class size. A thread will close if the limit is reached. If a thread is closed to new posters, select from the open threads. You will post both your initial post and your response post in the same thread.
By Day 3
Thread 1: International Relations
· Post a 1- to 2-paragraph explanation of why you believe that your chosen international relations news story is or is not considered “news.” Could this news story be the headline or lead story for today’s evening news? What aspects of the story’s message make you believe it would be or wouldn’t be the lead story for the evening news, and why?
Refer to 2 specific examples from your course reading or your chosen news story and record in your assignment information about each source, including author, year, page number, and publication title.
Thread 2: Economics
· Post a 1- to 2-paragraph explanation of why you believe that your chosen economics news story is or is not considered “news.” Could this news story be the headline or lead story for today’s evening news? What aspects of the story’s message make you believe it would be or wouldn’t be the lead story for the evening news, and why?
Refer to 2 specific examples from your course reading or your chosen news story and record in your assignment information about each source, including author, year, page number, and publication title.
Thread 3: Entertainment
· Post a 1- to 2-para.
Public Relations Practice 2014: Week 1Kane Hopkins
This document provides an overview of a public relations course taught by Dr. Kane Hopkins at Massey University. It includes contact information for Dr. Hopkins, as well as an outline of assignments, tutorials, and course content. The course will cover key topics such as definitions of public relations, the public relations process, audiences, and Wellington's demographic and psychographic profiles as examples. Students are reminded to complete assigned readings, attend workshops beginning next week, and to stay in touch with their family members.
The document summarizes a group presentation on public relations. It includes the group profile, definitions of public relations, descriptions of common public relations plans and processes, tools used in public relations, advantages and disadvantages, and how to evaluate a public relations program. The group's presentation covered the key aspects of developing and implementing an effective public relations strategy and evaluating its impact.
The document provides an overview of media advocacy and strategies for communicating with the media. It discusses developing key messages, framing issues, identifying what makes a story newsworthy, understanding how the media operates, and tips for effective media relations such as being prepared, focusing interviews, and telling your story through your responses.
This document outlines the objectives, functions, and qualifications of public relations. It discusses improving understanding between organizations and audiences, creating goodwill, communicating convincingly, and eliminating misunderstanding as key objectives. Functions include community involvement, team building, government liaison, media relations, crisis communication, and marketing. Qualifications for PR specialists include strong interpersonal and communication skills, an outgoing personality, flexibility, and knowledge of various fields like advertising, writing, and public speaking.
This chapter discusses special topics in emergency services occupational safety and health programs, including legal, ethical, and financial considerations. It covers implications of a diversified workforce on safety, as well as future trends and new technologies that may impact safety programs. The chapter aims to help students understand how to address these issues in managing an effective safety and health program for emergency services.
This chapter discusses special topics in emergency services occupational safety and health, including legal, ethical, and financial considerations. It covers implications of a diversified workforce with trends of an aging population and more women and minorities. Future trends may include new technologies like GPS integration and thermal imaging, as well as expanded emergency medical services and community paramedicine programs. Legal issues around tort liability and discrimination laws are reviewed. The chapter aims to spark interest in further research on safety and health in emergency response.
The document provides an overview of public relations including definitions, roles, crisis communication plans, functions of PR, differences between PR and branding, qualities of PR practitioners, differences between in-house PR and agency PR, media and non-media PR tools, importance of social responsibility and new age media in PR campaigns. Key points include defining PR as managing relationships between an organization and the public, the importance of planning for crises in advance, functions of PR like building reputation and handling media relations, and examples of using new age media like social media and websites for PR campaigns.
public service announcement as Informal knowledge systemVanita Saini
Public service announcements (PSAs) provide valuable information to the public to positively impact their lives without selling a product. This document discusses PSAs as an informal knowledge system in society. It outlines the objectives of studying PSAs, including how they communicate messages and their effects on social and economic growth. Case studies on India's "Pulse Polio" immunization campaign and the "Incredible India" tourism campaign are examined to show how PSAs can effectively change public opinion and behavior at the regional, national, and international levels through the use of emotional appeals.
Role Of Public Relations In Ngo Managementharshalsk
The document discusses the role of public relations in NGO management. It begins by explaining how previously many NGOs functioned in a traditional way without utilizing public relations to attract funds, social attention, and financial assistance. This led to issues like lack of adequate funding and development. The document then discusses how the importance of public relations in NGO management is now widely accepted. It explains how NGOs use PR strategies and campaigns to raise awareness, funds, and influence governments. The goal of the project is to analyze the PR processes and strategies used by different NGOs.
14 • COMMUNICATION WORLD • DECEMBER 2013 by Oliver S. Schm.docxmoggdede
The document discusses key stakeholders that organizations must communicate with during a crisis to protect their reputation. It identifies the three key stakeholders as employees, reporters from traditional news media, and social media users. It provides tips for effective crisis communication with each of these stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of establishing communication plans and designating spokespeople, building long-term relationships, monitoring coverage, and being prepared to engage on social media. The crisis communication approaches highlighted include empowering employees, addressing media inquiries quickly, and correcting any false information that emerges online.
International PR & Information Technology Jamal Nassar 2013Jamal Nassar
This document provides information about an upcoming training on International PR & Information Technology to be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from August 24-28, 2013. It is led by trainer Jamal Nassar and will cover topics such as the history and definitions of PR, current issues in the industry, functions and components of PR, and global PR practices. The document also shares definitions of PR, the roles of internal and external PR, a brief history of the field, and trends in the PR industry in 2012.
Messages And Media - Educating And PersuadingThomas Müller
This document provides guidance on developing effective messages for advocacy. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring messages to specific audiences by understanding their priorities, values and concerns. Key recommendations include keeping messages simple, using real-life stories and quotes, presenting facts and numbers creatively, and framing issues in a way that assigns responsibility and proposes solutions. The document also stresses pre-testing messages with focus groups to ensure they are understood and persuasive to intended audiences beyond just advocates. Framing issues strategically and crafting tailored messages for different stakeholders are essential to effective advocacy communication and outreach.
This document outlines community-based disaster risk reduction activities and an advocacy plan in Nairobi, Kenya.
The proposed DRR activities include (1) raising public awareness, (2) building volunteer capacity, (3) diversifying livelihoods, (4) using traditional knowledge, (5) including disaster education, (6) establishing early warning systems, (7) improving land use planning, (8) developing building codes, (9) obtaining political commitment, and (10) encouraging self-reliance through activities like kitchen gardens.
The 8-step advocacy plan involves (1) assessing vulnerabilities and capacities, (2) researching issues, (3) identifying stakeholders, (4) setting goals and
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsLaura Cognat
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, social media tactics, corporate social responsibility, and examples of successful and failed PR campaigns using social media. Discussion questions at the end explore how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media that may change in the future.
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsSasaTodorovic8
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, best practices for social media tactics and PR newsrooms, examples of successful and failed PR campaigns, and the role of corporate social responsibility and how it may change in the future. Discussion questions address how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media.
This document discusses strategies for crisis communications and preventing crises through proactive public relations. It emphasizes that detecting early warning signs through positive PR programs is crucial for prevention. It provides guidelines for communicating with different publics like the news media, employees, and customers during both normal operations and crisis situations. The key is communicating the right message to the right audience at the right time to protect the organization's reputation.
The Media represents a critical constituency for business. It must therefore be courted strategically in order to help attain organisational objectives.
Discussion What Is NewsAs you watch a local news program or re.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion: What Is News?
As you watch a local news program or read a newspaper, you consume the report of recent events created by professional—and sometimes amateur—writers, editors, and reporters. Regardless of their status, these journalists take time to consider the details of a story and how to present it to you, the news consumer. These details can have a powerful effect on how you perceive local, national, and world events. In this Discussion, you will have an opportunity to become a more savvy news consumer by choosing a news story, determining how it was created, and tracking its “newsworthiness” from the day the story “breaks” through several days afterward.
To prepare for this Discussion:
· Choose a discussion thread based on the topics available this week.
· Each thread will present a different topic for a news story. For the topic stated in your chosen thread, you will find a news story that has the necessary elements for it to be considered news and determine whether the news story will persist or fade away.
· Review Chapter 13 in the Course Text, The Dynamics of Mass Communication: Media in Transition.
· Based on the five elements in the reading, reflect upon what is considered to be “news” and what is not. How does the definition of news change?
· Consider the multiple modes of mass communication used to deliver news stories. How do you consume news? How does your choice of mode impact how you view local and world events?
For this Discussion, choose one thread from the choices listed this week. Each thread is limited to a maximum number of students based on class size. A thread will close if the limit is reached. If a thread is closed to new posters, select from the open threads. You will post both your initial post and your response post in the same thread.
By Day 3
Thread 1: International Relations
· Post a 1- to 2-paragraph explanation of why you believe that your chosen international relations news story is or is not considered “news.” Could this news story be the headline or lead story for today’s evening news? What aspects of the story’s message make you believe it would be or wouldn’t be the lead story for the evening news, and why?
Refer to 2 specific examples from your course reading or your chosen news story and record in your assignment information about each source, including author, year, page number, and publication title.
Thread 2: Economics
· Post a 1- to 2-paragraph explanation of why you believe that your chosen economics news story is or is not considered “news.” Could this news story be the headline or lead story for today’s evening news? What aspects of the story’s message make you believe it would be or wouldn’t be the lead story for the evening news, and why?
Refer to 2 specific examples from your course reading or your chosen news story and record in your assignment information about each source, including author, year, page number, and publication title.
Thread 3: Entertainment
· Post a 1- to 2-para.
Public Relations Practice 2014: Week 1Kane Hopkins
This document provides an overview of a public relations course taught by Dr. Kane Hopkins at Massey University. It includes contact information for Dr. Hopkins, as well as an outline of assignments, tutorials, and course content. The course will cover key topics such as definitions of public relations, the public relations process, audiences, and Wellington's demographic and psychographic profiles as examples. Students are reminded to complete assigned readings, attend workshops beginning next week, and to stay in touch with their family members.
The document summarizes a group presentation on public relations. It includes the group profile, definitions of public relations, descriptions of common public relations plans and processes, tools used in public relations, advantages and disadvantages, and how to evaluate a public relations program. The group's presentation covered the key aspects of developing and implementing an effective public relations strategy and evaluating its impact.
The document provides an overview of media advocacy and strategies for communicating with the media. It discusses developing key messages, framing issues, identifying what makes a story newsworthy, understanding how the media operates, and tips for effective media relations such as being prepared, focusing interviews, and telling your story through your responses.
This document outlines the objectives, functions, and qualifications of public relations. It discusses improving understanding between organizations and audiences, creating goodwill, communicating convincingly, and eliminating misunderstanding as key objectives. Functions include community involvement, team building, government liaison, media relations, crisis communication, and marketing. Qualifications for PR specialists include strong interpersonal and communication skills, an outgoing personality, flexibility, and knowledge of various fields like advertising, writing, and public speaking.
This chapter discusses special topics in emergency services occupational safety and health programs, including legal, ethical, and financial considerations. It covers implications of a diversified workforce on safety, as well as future trends and new technologies that may impact safety programs. The chapter aims to help students understand how to address these issues in managing an effective safety and health program for emergency services.
This chapter discusses special topics in emergency services occupational safety and health, including legal, ethical, and financial considerations. It covers implications of a diversified workforce with trends of an aging population and more women and minorities. Future trends may include new technologies like GPS integration and thermal imaging, as well as expanded emergency medical services and community paramedicine programs. Legal issues around tort liability and discrimination laws are reviewed. The chapter aims to spark interest in further research on safety and health in emergency response.
This chapter discusses collecting and reporting occupational safety and health data for emergency services. It covers collecting internal organization data, external data required by outside organizations, and publishing internal reports. The chapter also addresses using the internet as a source of safety and health information. Key topics include the purpose of data collection and reporting, identifying what data to collect internally and externally, and how to publish reports and access online information resources.
This chapter discusses information management for occupational safety and health in emergency services. It covers collecting data internally on injuries, accidents, medical histories and test results to analyze safety trends and evaluate programs. Data is also reported externally to agencies like OSHA, NFPA and state workers' compensation boards. The chapter outlines publishing an annual internal safety report to communicate accomplishments, goals and injury analyses. It also discusses using the internet to research safety policies from other departments.
This chapter discusses evaluating occupational safety and health programs for emergency services. It covers the purpose of evaluating programs to ensure processes and outcomes are effective. Evaluations should assess both how the program is implemented and its impacts. The chapter recommends those responsible for the program, such as safety managers, conduct regular evaluations, at least yearly, to constantly improve worker protection.
This chapter discusses evaluating occupational safety and health programs for emergency services. It describes conducting both process evaluations to analyze program procedures and outcome evaluations to compare results to goals. Process evaluations ask how program parts affect members and which parts are most/least effective. Outcome evaluations analyze injury rates, knowledge/behavior changes, and policy response over time. The fire chief or safety manager usually oversees evaluations through committees and staff. NFPA 1500 recommends external evaluations every three years to demonstrate improvement efforts. Evaluations should occur before programs begin and be continuous for process and yearly for outcomes, or when serious incidents or changes require reevaluation.
This chapter discusses the roles and responsibilities of various positions related to occupational safety and health programs for emergency services. It addresses the roles of individual responders, supervisors, management teams, incident commanders, safety officers, safety program managers, and safety committees. The chapter aims to help students understand how each role relates to the overall safety and health program and what responsibilities each entails. It also covers crew resource management and how it can improve safety during operations.
This chapter discusses the roles and responsibilities of various individuals and groups involved in an emergency services safety and health program. It outlines the responsibilities of individual responders, supervisors, management, the incident commander, safety program manager, incident safety officers, the safety committee, and how crew resource management can improve safety. The key responsibility of each role is to support and enforce the overall safety and health program.
This chapter discusses safety considerations for emergency services when terminating an incident and demobilizing, as well as analyzing incidents afterwards and managing critical stress. It covers safely ending an incident, the demobilization process, comparing approaches to departing the site, reviewing incidents for lessons, and stress management programs to help workers cope after high-stress calls. The goal is to protect emergency personnel both during and after response work through proper planning and support services.
This chapter discusses postincident safety management for emergency services. It covers the demobilization process, returning equipment and crews to the station, and performing a postincident analysis. A critical incident stress management program can help crews manage stress from traumatic incidents by providing peer defusing and formal debriefings. The goal is to review what went right and wrong at an incident to improve safety, as well as support crews' mental health after difficult events.
This chapter discusses safety issues for emergency services responding to specialized incidents involving hazardous materials, technical rescues, helicopter landings, civil disturbances, terrorism, and natural disasters. It aims to describe the specific safety concerns at each type of incident and explain procedures for safely operating at helicopter landing zones. The student will learn to identify safety issues across these scenarios.
This chapter discusses safety issues for emergency responders at specialized incidents. It covers hazardous materials responses, technical rescues, helicopter landing zone operations, civil disturbances, terrorism events, and natural disasters. For each type of specialized incident, specific safety concerns are identified and procedures for responding safely are described. The chapter emphasizes the importance of training emergency personnel according to the types of specialized responses required by their department and establishing appropriate safety measures.
This chapter discusses safety hazards that emergency responders face at medical incidents, how to minimize injuries from these hazards through proper protective equipment and infection control procedures. It covers discussing common hazards, explaining how to prevent injuries, listing required protective gear, explaining infection control requirements and procedures, and discussing systems for tracking responders and managing incidents.
This chapter discusses safety hazards and protocols for emergency medical responders. It outlines four phases of a medical response - gaining access, initial contact, providing care, and transporting the patient. Specific hazards are addressed for each phase as well as for vehicle accidents. Proper use of personal protective equipment and following infection control procedures are essential. The chapter also discusses implementing an incident management system to coordinate multi-unit responses and how to collaborate safely with law enforcement during active shooter incidents.
This chapter discusses safety protocols for responding to fire incidents. It outlines the three incident priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation. It also covers personal protective equipment, incident management systems, accountability tracking, use of rapid intervention crews, and rehabilitation of responders. The goal is for students to understand hazards faced by responders and how different safety systems and protocols work together to prioritize responder safety.
This chapter discusses safety considerations at fire emergencies. It outlines the three incident priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation and how they relate to responder safety. Major hazards faced by responders to structure, transportation, outside structure, and wildland fires are described. The use, care, and maintenance of personal protective equipment is also covered. Additionally, the chapter discusses incident management systems, air management, accountability systems, rapid intervention crews, and rehabilitation of responders.
This chapter discusses safety considerations for emergency responders before an incident occurs. It covers safety plans and protocols for emergency response stations, vehicles, and training facilities. It also addresses the importance of preincident planning, member wellness programs, and coordination between response agencies to maximize safety. The goal is to describe how to establish safe work environments and practices in order to minimize risks to emergency responders before an incident arises.
This chapter discusses safety considerations for emergency responders before an incident occurs. It covers safety at emergency response stations and in vehicles, as well as effective response safety plans, preincident planning, safety during training, fitness and wellness programs, and interagency coordination. The goal is to describe how to establish policies and procedures to protect responders from injury or illness before arriving at an emergency scene.
This chapter discusses the key elements of developing an effective occupational safety and health program for emergency services, including determining essential elements, setting goals and objectives, creating an action plan, performing a cost-benefit analysis, providing training, and developing standard operating procedures. The chapter aims to help students understand the process for creating a safety program that identifies risks, establishes best practices, and works to prevent injuries and accidents.
This chapter discusses developing an effective occupational safety and health program for emergency services. It outlines the essential elements of a program, including management commitment, a program manager, a safety committee, record keeping, and data access. It describes setting goals and objectives to guide the program, then developing action plans, conducting cost-benefit analyses, providing training, and creating standard operating procedures to accomplish the goals. The chapter provides examples and guidance on implementing each of these components of an overall safety program.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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9
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1. Fire and Life Safety Educator
Principles and Practices
2nd Edition
Chapter 10 — Public Relations and Working with Media
2. Objectives (1 of 3)
‣ Explain why safety educators inherit the
role of public relations as part of their
responsibilities. (p. 198)
‣ Distinguish the differences among public
relations, publicity, and marketing. (pp.
198–199)
‣ Demonstrate an understanding of
internal and external publics for fire
departments. (pp. 200–201)
3. Objectives (2 of 3)
‣ Discuss basic principles of public relations. (p.
199)
‣ Identify various marketing tools available to
safety educators to promote safety messages.
(pp. 211–213)
‣ Identify ways people are persuaded and provide
examples of each. (pp. 202–203)
‣ List types of publicity available to safety
educators for advancing safety messages. (pp.
206–209)
4. Objectives (3 of 3)
‣ Notify the public and convey the details about
a scheduled event (NFPA 4.4.5). (pp. 207–
209)
‣ Distribute educational information to a target
audience within a specified timeframe (NFPA
4.4.6). (pp. 207–211)
‣ Using the appropriate electronic forms of
communication for the topic, convey accurate
and timely information about an event,
incident, or policy (NFPA 4.4.7). (pp. 207–209)
5. Introduction
‣ Many larger departments have personnel
designated specifically as public
information officers (PIOs).
‣ Safety educators are often approached by
both media and community members with
questions and comments.
‣ In this capacity, it is important for safety
educators at all levels to understand some
basic principles of public relations.
6. Principles of Public Relations
‣ Good public relations works to provide services,
promote ideas, and persuade the public about
information to improve their lives.
‣ People working in public relations must:
‣ Be effective communicators
‣ Be aware of the political climate and sensitive issues
‣ Follow economic and social trends
‣ Use psychology, sociology, and other social science skills
‣ Gather information and share it ethical in their words
and actions
7. Monitoring the Issues
‣ Educators need to monitor issues and
anticipate how to deal with potential
problems.
‣ The strategy developed should reflect the
opinion of the entire organization,
accommodating all demographics.
‣ Internal communication is important because
the administration needs to be informed of
all concerns and plans for new initiatives.
8. Addressing the Issues
‣ Conflicting issues once identified have to be
thoroughly evaluated and managed in a timely
fashion.
‣ The first step would be an attempt to “contain and
maintain.”
‣ The choice made must be tempered by the
organization, the people, the community, and other
external factors.
‣ The educator has the added responsibility of being the one
to raise touchy questions with the management as well as
to present unpleasant and unpopular outcomes to proposed
ideas.
9. Planning and Researching
‣ Important decisions and plans for the future
are all based on research.
‣ Informal research
‣ Formal research
‣ Qualitative research
‣ Quantitative research
‣ After the educator has identified the
problems and goals for resolution, program
development and implementation can begin.
10. Publics and Audiences (1 of 2)
‣ Internal publics are those that share an
internal identity, such as other
department divisions.
‣ An external public exists outside the
organization but has some relationship
with it.
‣ It is best when the external and internal
publics’ perception of the organization is
the same.
11. Publics and Audiences (2 of 2)
‣ All media have an influence on public opinion.
‣ It is important to build positive relations with
the media, local, state, and national, during
nonemergency situations.
‣ Three categories of publics need special
attention:
‣ Frontline employees
‣ Women
‣ Minorities
12. Persuasion and Changing Behavior
‣ The purpose of fire and life safety
education is to change behavior.
‣ Methods preferred by educators:
‣ Patronage
‣ Persuasion
‣ The results of campaigns and other
efforts to change behavior need to be
monitored and assessed.
13. The Persuaders
‣ Personal persuaders: more influential
‣ Respected authorities, family members,
friends, and organizations people belong to
‣ Impersonal persuaders: can reach a
greater number of people at one time
‣ Celebrity spokespersons, mass media, and
public officials
‣ Safety educators can become personal
persuaders for their communities.
14. Persuasion Appeals
‣ One should avoid using the methods of
persuasion employed to tempt and mislead
people in advertising, politics, and other media
campaigns.
‣ Adopt methods that cause people to accept new
behavior changes, such as:
‣ When the message is consistent with their core beliefs
‣ When authority figures are familiar, trusted, and able
to instill confidence.
‣ When people are involved in the decision-making
process
15. Message Delivery
‣ Put the good news first.
‣ Tell both sides of a story.
‣ Use repetition and consistency, but not to
the point of being ignored.
‣ Keep it simple.
‣ Walk them through the steps in order.
‣ Keep in mind the personal biases that may
interfere with the way a message is received.
16. Message Purpose
‣ The foundation of messages
is derived from the
objectives and goals
identified.
‣ The purpose of delivering
the messages is to motivate
and inspire people to take
appropriate actions to meet
those objectives.
‣ People will not be motivated
to achieve higher levels
until their more primary
needs are satisfied.
17. Message Quality
‣ Make sure nonverbal symbols do not offend any
publics.
‣ Pictures and graphics must match the message.
‣ Choose words, symbols, logos, and icons familiar to
the public.
‣ Branding helps to connect to the public on an emotional
level, motivate people, and create loyalty.
‣ Put the most important information up front and
make those first sentences clear and interesting.
‣ Print media is more effective for complex messages;
video is more effective for simple messages.
18. Message Receivers
‣ Conversation with others is a powerful
method of sending messages.
‣ A unique message is more easily
remembered.
‣ Meaningful material is more easily retained.
‣ Help the public reach the goals you set for
them.
‣ Provide a way for the public to follow up
with questions and concerns.
19. Ethics and Legal Issues
‣ Safety educators have to operate with a clear
conscience and take actions based on
integrity.
‣ Educators also need to be familiar with:
‣ Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
‣ “Sunshine laws” (open meeting laws)
‣ Copyright laws
‣ Patent
‣ Trademark
‣ Model release
‣ Waiver
20. General Guidelines for Working with
the Media
‣ Check all facts for accuracy.
‣ Make sure the content is appropriate to the
medium.
‣ Allow enough lead time.
‣ Include all contact information on the first
page
‣ Prepare a backgrounder sheet.
‣ Be prepared with incident information
worksheets.
21. What’s Newsworthy?
‣ Hard news
‣ Soft news
‣ Some criteria to ensure newsworthiness:
‣ Keep opinions out of the material.
‣ Have a peg.
‣ Make sure the news has the who, what, when,
where, why, and how.
‣ Ask yourself: Would you be interested in
reading the piece?
22. Press Releases
‣ Press release: a news
release sent to the media.
‣ A standard inverted
pyramid:
‣ Preferred format for press
releases
‣ Ensures the most important
information is placed up
front and less likely to be
cut as the article is edited
for reasons of limited space
23. Media Advisories
‣ Media advisory: a one-page sheet that
alerts the press to an upcoming news
event.
‣ This is different from the press release,
which announces breaking news and is
written like a news story.
24. Public Service Announcements
‣ Messages delivered by the media
without charge for the public interest.
‣ They are short, deliberate, and leave the
receiver with an image that is catchy
and easily remembered.
25. Social Media
‣ A collective term that refers to online
communication platforms dedicated to
community-based input, interaction, content-
sharing, collaboration, and other formats such
as photos and videos.
‣ Even here it is necessary to have a peg.
‣ Images capture attention better than text.
‣ The choice of the platform to be used to deliver
messages depends on the platform used by the
target audience.
26. General Photography Guidelines for
Publicity
‣ Find out exactly where to send the photos.
‣ Include basic information about the subject
and event.
‣ Try to capture the meaning and feeling of
an event.
‣ Ask the person in charge of the facility for
permission to take pictures during the
event.
‣ Carefully review all aspects of the photo.
27. Brochures and Pamphlets
‣ The content and photographs can be tailored
to the local community.
‣ Photographs of local people, places, and
settings help to develop stronger connections.
‣ Take care to ensure proper grammar, eye-
pleasing layouts, appropriate and professional
looking graphics, and consistency in style
among several different pieces.
‣ Always make a mock-up.
28. Speeches and Presentations as
Publicity
‣ These should include:
‣ Support materials about the schedule of events
‣ Information about individuals and organizations
that will be participating
‣ A fact sheet promoting the purpose and
mission of the event
‣ Find and make a connection between the
mission of the event and the interests of
the audience.
30. Marketing
‣ Although it is not advisable to recommend
specific brands, it is certainly important to
market the technology and safety
advantages behind the products and promote
their use.
‣ As a marketing agent, educators must
constantly update and improve existing
messages and the quality of programs.
‣ The most effective marketing for message
retention is face-to-face contact.
31. Printed Materials
‣ Work with a graphic artist to assess the
quality and visual interest of
publications.
‣ Some common forms of printed
material: brochures, inserts, monthly
feature or column in the local paper
32. Radio and Television
‣ The messages are repeated and reach a large
audience.
‣ Radio has the advantage of listeners tuning in
and out when driving, at work, and at home.
‣ Messages should be matched to the station’s
demographics.
‣ A PSA for radio needs to catch the listener’s
attention within the first five seconds.
‣ Within a 30-second PSA spot, a message or the
department name should be repeated several times.
33. Banners and Signs
‣ Before putting up a banner, check the local
zoning regulations regarding size, and then
make it as big as possible.
‣ Make sure it is visible.
‣ Use lights on the sign if it is feasible.
‣ The message should be catchy, creative, and
short—10 words or fewer.
‣ Proofread it several times.
‣ Consider where the banner will be posted.
34. Direct Mail
‣ Direct mail works best with a small, highly
targeted population, more so if the mailings
can be personalized.
‣ Design the piece to fit the message, the
target audience, and the image of the
department.
‣ Proofread and re-proofread it.
‣ If a response is requested, make the
requested action simple and easy to
understand and perform.
‣ Disadvantage: Direct mailings can be costly.
35. Contests and Drawings
‣ Obtain the necessary permissions before holding
a contest.
‣ The contest should fulfill an educational
objective and not be thrown out to the
community simply for the fun of it.
‣ Add a skill component to promote the idea that it
is not blind luck that wins.
‣ The prize need not be a tangible item; it can be
an opportunity to do something, like ride the fire
truck to school, or create a safety video.
36. Ethnic Marketing
‣ Basis of ethnic groups is varied: religion,
culture, profession, gender, etc.
‣ Mainstream marketing techniques may
not be as effective with some of these
groups because of predetermined
attitudes, economic conditions, or biases.
‣ Work directly with their members to
decide the best way of marketing.
37. Community Involvement
‣ Getting out into the community is one of
the most effective forms of marketing.
‣ Plan activities to strengthen community
support.
‣ Be sure to obtain permission first.
38. Testimonials
‣ A letter or verbal testimonial speaks
volumes for the success of a program.
‣ Do not hesitate to ask it of others,
especially if it is a trusted source.
‣ Anonymous feedback from participants
is also recommended.
39. Word of Mouth
‣ People talk about the message and
methods and pass them on to others.
‣ Follow through on promises, research the
audience, prepare, and deliver on even
the smallest request.
‣ And, last—overdeliver: People might not
know they have a need until you present
the problem and provide solutions and
assistance.