This document discusses dielectric materials, their types, properties, and applications. It defines dielectric materials as insulating materials used for charge storage, as opposed to insulators which prevent electricity flow. There are three main types of dielectric materials: solid, liquid, and gas. Good dielectric materials exhibit high resistivity, dielectric strength, mechanical strength, and chemical inertness along with low loss and water absorption. Dielectrics find major applications in capacitors and transformers, where they are used to store energy and insulate conductive coils, respectively.

1. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology(012)
Active Learning Assignment
Guided By:prof. Nairav Pandya
Prepared By:Harsh kothari
Branch:CE-B
Enrolment no.:170120107066

2. Contents
• Definition
• Types of dielectric Materials
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
• Properties of good Dielectric
• Application of Dielectric
Capacitor
Transformer

3. • Insulating materials are also termed as dielectrics.
The difference in the name between dielectric and
insulator lies in the application to which these
materials are put.
• When these materials are used to prevent flow of
electricity through them on the application of
potential difference, then they are called insulators or
passive dielectrics.
• On the other hand, if they are used for charge
storage then they are called dielectrics or active
dielectrics.
What Is Dielectric Material ?

4. : : : TYPES OF DIELECTRIC
MATERIALS : : :
Dielectric materials can be SOLID
, LIQUID , GASES.
 A high vacuum can also be used
as a dielectric even
though its relative dielectric constant
is only unity

5. SOLID DIELECTRICS: They are the most
commonly used in electrical engineering ;
these are very good insulators.
Examples : Porcelain , glass , rubber ,
mica.

6. LIQUID DIELECTRICS : They are basically of 3
different types , which includes (i) mineral
insulating oils , (ii) synthetic insulating oils , and
(iii) miscellaneous insulating oils.
The function of insulating liquid is to provide
electrical insulation and to dissipate heat.
Examples : Transformer oil , cable oil ,
vegetable oil , silicon liquids.

7. GASEOUS DIELECTRIC : These materials
are used both as an insulator and as cooling
agents.
Examples : Air, Hydrogen , Nitrogen ,
Helium , propane

8. • High resistivity to leakage current.
• High dielectric strength.
• High mechanical strength.
• High fire resistance.
• Low thermal expansion.
• Low dielectric loss.
• Low water absorption quality.
• High chemical inertness.
Properties of a Good Dielectric
Material

9. Application of Dielectric
Capacitors:
• The major role of dielectric in a capacitor is
to store energy.
•Based on the nature of the dielectric material
used, the capacitors fall into different groups.
• Capacitors may be divided into:
– With gaseous dielectric.
– With liquid dielectric.
– With solid dielectric.

10. Transformer:
•We can say that transformer is basic
arrangement of conductors and dielectric
insulators.
• We know that transformer contains two parts:
Primary coil and secondary coil.
• Energy transforms from primary coil to
secondary coil only through magnetic induction,
not by any electrical path. So to avoid electrical
conduction we must use dielectric insulator at all
possible places.
• The major role of dielectric in a transformer is to
as insulators as well as cooling agent.

11. • Transformer may be
divided into:
– With gaseous dielectric.
– With liquid dielectric.
– With solid dielectric