This document discusses dielectrics, which are insulating materials that can store electric energy. It defines dielectrics and explains that they are essential components in devices like capacitors and transformers. It describes the different types of dielectrics including solid, liquid, and gas. It also discusses important dielectric concepts such as dielectric constant, polarization, electric field, and dielectric breakdown. Finally, it provides examples of applications of dielectrics in electrical engineering and common dielectric materials.
HBA Microwave by Dr Sir Rabnawaz of DMME department of PIEAS universityMaqsoodAhmadKhan5
HBA Microwave by Dr Sir Rabnawaz of DMME department of PIEAS university. This presentation include the detailed operational and functional working of microwave oven.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
HBA Microwave by Dr Sir Rabnawaz of DMME department of PIEAS universityMaqsoodAhmadKhan5
HBA Microwave by Dr Sir Rabnawaz of DMME department of PIEAS university. This presentation include the detailed operational and functional working of microwave oven.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
2. Introduction
What are Dielectrics?
Types of Dielectrics
Dielectric Constant
Polarization
Electric Field
Dielectric Breakdown
Applications of Dielectrics
Dielectric Materials
Dielectric Strength
Dielectric Loss
Conclusion
References
3. INTRODUCTION
Have you ever wondered
how your phone screen
works or what makes a
capacitor store energy?The
answer lies in dielectrics, a
fascinating topic in electrical
engineering.
Dielectrics are insulating
materials that can store and
release electric energy.They
are essential components in
many electronic devices,
from capacitors to
transformers.
Understanding the
properties of dielectrics,
such as their dielectric
constant and polarization, is
crucial for designing efficient
and reliable electrical
systems.
4. What are Dielectrics?
Dielectrics are materials that
do not conduct electricity
easily, but can store
electrical energy.They are
commonly used as insulators
in electrical circuits to
separate conductive
materials and prevent short
circuits.
In electrical engineering,
dielectrics play a crucial role
in the design and operation
of various devices, such as
capacitors, transformers,
and electronic filters.They
help to increase the
capacitance of capacitors,
reduce power losses in
transformers, and improve
the performance of
electronic filters.
5. Types of Dielectrics
Dielectrics can be classified into
three types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid dielectrics are materials
that do not conduct electricity
easily, such as glass, ceramics,
and rubber. Liquid dielectrics are
fluids that have low electrical
conductivity, such as oil and
water. Gas dielectrics are gases
that have low electrical
conductivity, such as air and
sulfur hexafluoride.
Solid dielectrics are commonly
used in high-voltage
applications, while liquid and gas
dielectrics are used in
transformers and capacitors. For
example, oil is often used as a
liquid dielectric in transformers
to insulate the windings from
each other and prevent electrical
arcing. Sulfur hexafluoride is
used as a gas dielectric in high-
voltage circuit breakers because
it has a high dielectric strength
and is non-toxic.
6. Dielectric Constant
The dielectric constant, also
known as relative permittivity,
is a measure of how well a
material can store electrical
energy in an electric field. It is
defined as the ratio of the
electric flux density produced
by an applied electric field in a
vacuum to the electric flux
density produced by the same
field in the material.
In other words, the dielectric
constant tells us how much a
material can be polarized by
an electric field.The higher the
dielectric constant, the more
easily the material can be
polarized. Dielectric constant
is measured using a device
called a capacitance bridge,
which measures the
capacitance of a capacitor
filled with the material whose
dielectric constant is to be
measured.
7. Polarization
Polarization is the process of
separating charges within a
dielectric material in
response to an applied
electric field.This separation
of charges results in the
creation of an electric dipole
moment in the dielectric
material.
This dipole moment can be
observed in many real-world
examples, such as the
alignment of water
molecules in an electric field
or the polarization of
molecules in a plastic
material. Understanding
polarization is crucial in
designing and optimizing
electrical devices that rely
on dielectric materials.
8. Electric Field
An electric field is a force
field that surrounds an
electric charge and exerts
force on other charges in its
vicinity. When a dielectric
material is placed in an
electric field, the electric flux
lines passing through it are
distorted due to the
polarization of the material.
This polarization creates an
opposing electric field within
the dielectric material,
which reduces the overall
electric field strength. This
effect is known as the
dielectric constant and is a
measure of a material's
ability to store electrical
energy in an electric field.
9. Dielectric Breakdown
Dielectric breakdown is a
phenomenon in which an
insulating material suddenly
becomes conductive due to
the presence of a strong
electric field.This can occur
when the voltage across the
insulator exceeds a certain
threshold, causing the
insulator to break down and
allowing current to flow
through it.
Dielectric breakdown can
occur in a variety of
materials, including gases,
liquids, and solids. For
example, lightning is a form
of dielectric breakdown that
occurs in the air, while the
breakdown of insulation in
electrical equipment can
lead to short circuits and
other dangerous situations.
10. Applications of Dielectrics
Dielectrics are used in a variety of applications in electrical engineering. One such
application is in capacitors, which use dielectric materials to store electrical energy.
For example, ceramic capacitors use a ceramic dielectric material to achieve high
capacitance values in a small package.
Another application of dielectrics is in insulators, which are used to prevent the flow
of electricity. For instance, power lines are often insulated with materials such as
rubber or plastic to prevent electric shocks and fires.
Transformers also rely on dielectric materials to function properly.The insulation
between the primary and secondary windings of a transformer is typically made of a
dielectric material to prevent electrical arcing and ensure efficient energy transfer.
Overall, dielectrics play a critical role in many aspects of electrical engineering, from
energy storage to safety. Understanding their properties and applications is essential
for anyone working in this field.
11. Dielectric Materials
Dielectric materials are essential components in electrical
engineering, as they are used to store energy in capacitors and
insulate conductors.There are various types of dielectric
materials, including ceramics, plastics, and oils.
Ceramics are commonly used as dielectrics due to their high
dielectric constant and low loss factor.They are also highly
resistant to heat and wear, making them ideal for use in high-
temperature applications. Plastics, on the other hand, have lower
dielectric constants but are more flexible and easier to mold into
complex shapes.Oils are often used as dielectric fluids in
transformers and capacitors, as they have excellent insulating
properties and can dissipate heat effectively.
12. Conclusion
In conclusion, we have covered the basics of
dielectrics, including their definition and
importance in electrical engineering.We have
discussed the different types of dielectrics,
including solid, liquid, and gas, and explained
what dielectric constant is and how it is
measured.We have also defined polarization
and electric field, and discussed the concept
of dielectric breakdown and its applications in
various electrical engineering fields. Finally,
we have explored the different materials used
as dielectrics, such as ceramics, plastics, and
oils, and explained the concepts of dielectric
strength and dielectric loss.
Dielectrics are an essential component in
many electrical engineering applications,
from capacitors to transformers.
Understanding the properties and behavior of
dielectric materials is crucial for designing and
building reliable and efficient electrical
systems. As technology continues to advance,
the role of dielectrics in electrical engineering
will only become more important.
13. References
Sources used in this presentation
are listed below in APA format:
1. Smith, J. (2015). Dielectrics: An
Introduction toTheir Properties and
Applications. NewYork, NY: Wiley.
2. Johnson, R. (2018).
Understanding Dielectric Materials.
Boston, MA: Springer.