The document describes a Green Jobs Calculator tool developed by UNDP Croatia to estimate the number of green jobs created and environmental benefits of transitioning to renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. The tool takes inputs on planned investments in various low-carbon technologies and estimates direct and indirect jobs, greenhouse gas reductions, and costs/benefits to society over time. Initial model results for Croatia suggest that while costs exceed benefits in early years, long-term impacts are positive across health, environment, employment and economic indicators. The tool is intended to help policymakers and the public optimize energy choices for sustainable development.

1. Green Jobs Calculator
Lin Herenčić, UNDP Croatia
Zagreb, 9.12.2013.

2. Contents
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Koncept
Purpose
Methodology
Outputs
Applications
Further development
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3. Idea
• How many jobs are
created by supporting
low-carbon technologies?
• What is the GHG
reduction?
• What are the costs and
benefits for the society?
• Game - tool for
prioritization and
optimization of measures
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4. Purpose: understand better green
energy
• Raising awareness about types and effects of
measures in energy sector
• For workers, students: information about
trends, new job opportunities
• For policy-makers: helping tool
• For public: interesting and intuitive overview of
effects of various energy decisions,
technologies and policies
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5. Model scheme
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6. Green Jobs
• UNEP, 2008: “...work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and
development (R&D), administrative, and service activities that
contribute(s) substantially to preserving or restoring environmental
quality. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes jobs that help to
protect ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water
consumption through high efficiency strategies; de-carbonize the
economy; and minimize or altogether avoid generation of all forms of
waste and pollution."
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7. Input data
• Renewable energy targets until 2020.
Installed RES power and plans [MW]
7,000
Heat pumps
6,000
Biomass heating
5,000
Solar thermal
Biogas CHP
4,000
Waste CHP
3,000
Geothermal CHP
2,000
Solid biomass CHP
1,000
Hydro
Solar PV
0
2010
2020
Wind
• Goals for energy efficiency – 30% of buildings renewed
• Shares of domestic jobs in production, installation and
operation and maintenance
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8. Methodology – job creation
• Society – RES jobs in EU 27
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9. Methodology – job creation
• Society – new jobs created per MW installed
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10. Methodology – job creation
• Society – new jobs created per MW installed
• Value of jobs created – tax income increase, social help
decrease, education payback... ~ 10.000 EUR/job/year
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11. Support mechanisms
• Feed-in tarifs (14 years), subvention of investment
• APP 0,53 kn/kWh in 2012.
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12. Results
• Society - man-year jobs in 2020
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13. Results
• Society - jobs created in lifetime of technologies
Scenario S1 Low
146
Scenario S2 High
528
Scenario S3 Moderate
367
Solar PV
29
104
72
Hydropower plants
14
61
41
Biomass CHP
109
281
222
Wind power plants
Geothermal CHP
5
14
11
Waste CHP
18
48
37
Biogas CHP
8
21
17
Solar heat
96
320
229
Biomass heat
707
1,787
1,424
Heat pumps
51
165
119
Energy efficiency, buildings
3,377
11,316
7,721
Energy efficiency, public buildings
271
907
619
Biofuel
232
600
473
Coal power plants
20
71
50
3
5,083
19
16,242
11
11,412
121,360
334,271
242,334
Gas CHP
Summary 2020
Summary in lifetime of technologies
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14. Results
• Society - total jobs in energy sector in Croatia
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Extracting of energy materials
2018
2019
2020
Gas production and distribution
Gas and oil trading
2017
Oil Products production
Elekctrical energy productinon, transmission and maintenance
2016
New RES and EE jobs
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15. Results
• Cost and benefit for the society (State) in the lifetime
of technologies, Moderate scenario
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16. Results
• Cost and benefit for the society (State) in the lifetime
of technologies, Export scenario
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17. Results
• Simple Period of Return of supporting measures
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18. Results
• Visualisation of multidimensional impacts of
measures
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19. Conclusions (1)
• At the beginning of measure implementation –
higher costs than benefits for the society.
• This cost is reflected mostly as an increased
energy price. Macroeconomic impact of
increased energy prices tends to reflects
negatively on the level of
investment, employment, and wage rate as
known.
• After period of investment and support, all
considered measures have shown
multidimensional Green Jobs Calculator, UNDP Croatia
positive effects.
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20. Conclusions (2)
• The challenge of energy policy based on subsidies for
renewable energy technologies is to achieve greater
benefits in terms of new jobs, reduced GHG
emissions, taxes and the acquisition of knowledge and
experience for competition on the open market.
• Visualisation of long-term impacts of measures indicated
what measures and by what assumptions will have
positive impacts on sustainable development.
Additionally, it showed what measures should be reexamined to optimise the consequences.
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21. Opportunities to use
• Overview of projects and need for work force
• Promotion and rising awareness about green energy
• Area for discussion and creation of energy policies
and measures
• Tool for planning of
sustainable development
of local areas and
countries/regions
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22. Thank you for your attention!
Discussion?
Lin Herencic
Lin.herencic@gmail.com
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23. Other results
• Marginal Cost Abatement Curve, S2
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24. Green Jobs Calculator, UNDP Croatia
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