Global Warming , Greenhouse Gases and ClimateSD Paul
The document discusses evidence that the Earth's surface temperature has increased about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the past century, with accelerated warming in recent decades. This warming is largely attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. However, some uncertainties remain about how the climate responds to these gases. The document also notes there is debate around how much human activities versus natural variations are contributing to increased temperatures. Skeptics argue the data does not clearly show man-made warming or that temperatures have in some cases cooled in recent decades.
The document discusses global warming and its causes. It summarizes that surface temperatures have risen about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming in the past 50 years likely due to human activity like increased greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased from human fossil fuel use, providing a mechanism for human activity to warm the climate. While the warming trend is clear, uncertainties remain about how much human emissions versus natural factors are responsible for the observed temperature increases.
A humanity is not responsible for climate changetalipbekova01
Humanity is not responsible for climate change according to the document. The document discusses 5 main hypotheses for the causes of climate change: 1) Changes in solar activity, 2) Changes in the Earth's orbit and axis, 3) Ocean currents and composition, 4) Volcanic activity, and 5) Human activity. However, the document argues that compared to the size of the Earth, human activity's impact is small and that global warming has occurred before humans existed, suggesting humans may have sped it up slightly but are not the main cause. It also questions the accuracy of historical temperature measurements.
Summary: It is not disputed that mean temperature of Earth has increased by 0.8° C since the early 20th century. Various factors affecting Earth’s surface temperature have been examined and it is found that no mathematical correlation exists between those factors and Global Warming. It is suggested that Earth dynamically keeps its surface temperature.
The document discusses several key pieces of evidence that show the climate is changing due to human activity:
1) Satellite data shows that while the sun's energy output has remained stable, the Earth has been warming since 1979.
2) Greenhouse gas levels, especially carbon dioxide, are higher now than at any other time in the last 800,000 years due to human fossil fuel use.
3) Computer models used to study past and present climates indicate that the observed warming is only explained when human greenhouse gas emissions are included.
The warming of the polar regions due to climate change is affecting air quality globally. As temperatures in places like Greenland and the Arctic rise, pollutants are able to travel farther in the atmosphere. The melting of Arctic ice and permafrost is releasing stored carbon that further warms the climate in a feedback loop. Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns may allow more pollution from the US to reach Europe as high pressure systems shift. Improving energy sources to reduce fossil fuel use could help address some of these impacts.
The real reason for climate change and what is driving the changes. No model is any batter then the predictive results, the validation is therefore very easy to determine.
Climate feedbacksWe talked briefly about the positivWilheminaRossi174
Climate �feedbacks�
We talked briefly about the positive feedback processes of climate
change in previous lectures. What is “feedback”?
Feedback is a concept that explains the interaction of the climate
system that alters changes in climate. When the rate of climate change
is amplified (either by warming or cooling), the process is called
“positive feedback”. The upper figure demonstrates the basic way that
these feedbacks operate.
On the other hand, when the rate of climate change is suppressed, then
the process is called “negative feedback” (lower figure).
Primary Climate System Feedbacks
• Radiation feedback (hotter planet radiates
more energy out to space, E=sT4)
• Snow/ice-albedo feedback
• Water Vapor feedback
• Cloud feedback (high versus low clouds)
So, climate feedbacks are a loop of cause and effect; positive (amplifier) and
negative feedbacks (stabilizer). Some feedback processes are more
complicated than others. Here are a few important feedbacks that affect our
climate system.
Temperatureà radiation feedback
Energy emitted = σT4
éTemperature
éradiation to
space
éCO2
êTemperature
The temperature of the Earth is increasing due to a rise in greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere. Thus, how will the climate feedback system change with this
temperature increase?
First, increases in temperature will alter radiation feedback because the energy
emitted from a blackbody is proportionate to its temperature to the fourth (σT4).
Feedback process: Increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere – increasing
temperature – increasing associated energy radiation to space – decreasing
temperature
Thus, increasing CO2 is a negative feedback process in the long term. However,
this feedback process in the climate system is far more complex. This is not the
only feedback loop that we know of.
Snow/sea ice albedo feedback
Melting of snow/sea ice directly affects the
albedo of the Earth (less ice = decrease in albedo)
Measuring Earth’s Albedo
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php
?id=84499
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84499
Also, we have seen how
recent warming has
been impacting the
arctic sea ice (see the
following two slides)
Polar amplification!
Global temperature departures from average
during January through May 2020, compared
with a 1951-1980 average. (Berkeley Earth).
Greater climate change observed near the pole responds to changes in the
radiation balance (e.g. intensified greenhouse effect). This phenomenon is
known as “polar amplification”.
Melting sea ice in the Arctic decreases the Earth’s albedo. Changes in albedo are
likely contributing to significant temperature increases in the northern
hemisphere. The increase in surface temperature is observed mainly in the
higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, where most sea ice is, and where
there is a greater continental distribution (more continent is located in the
northern hemisph ...
Global Warming , Greenhouse Gases and ClimateSD Paul
The document discusses evidence that the Earth's surface temperature has increased about 1 degree Fahrenheit over the past century, with accelerated warming in recent decades. This warming is largely attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. However, some uncertainties remain about how the climate responds to these gases. The document also notes there is debate around how much human activities versus natural variations are contributing to increased temperatures. Skeptics argue the data does not clearly show man-made warming or that temperatures have in some cases cooled in recent decades.
The document discusses global warming and its causes. It summarizes that surface temperatures have risen about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming in the past 50 years likely due to human activity like increased greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere and have increased from human fossil fuel use, providing a mechanism for human activity to warm the climate. While the warming trend is clear, uncertainties remain about how much human emissions versus natural factors are responsible for the observed temperature increases.
A humanity is not responsible for climate changetalipbekova01
Humanity is not responsible for climate change according to the document. The document discusses 5 main hypotheses for the causes of climate change: 1) Changes in solar activity, 2) Changes in the Earth's orbit and axis, 3) Ocean currents and composition, 4) Volcanic activity, and 5) Human activity. However, the document argues that compared to the size of the Earth, human activity's impact is small and that global warming has occurred before humans existed, suggesting humans may have sped it up slightly but are not the main cause. It also questions the accuracy of historical temperature measurements.
Summary: It is not disputed that mean temperature of Earth has increased by 0.8° C since the early 20th century. Various factors affecting Earth’s surface temperature have been examined and it is found that no mathematical correlation exists between those factors and Global Warming. It is suggested that Earth dynamically keeps its surface temperature.
The document discusses several key pieces of evidence that show the climate is changing due to human activity:
1) Satellite data shows that while the sun's energy output has remained stable, the Earth has been warming since 1979.
2) Greenhouse gas levels, especially carbon dioxide, are higher now than at any other time in the last 800,000 years due to human fossil fuel use.
3) Computer models used to study past and present climates indicate that the observed warming is only explained when human greenhouse gas emissions are included.
The warming of the polar regions due to climate change is affecting air quality globally. As temperatures in places like Greenland and the Arctic rise, pollutants are able to travel farther in the atmosphere. The melting of Arctic ice and permafrost is releasing stored carbon that further warms the climate in a feedback loop. Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns may allow more pollution from the US to reach Europe as high pressure systems shift. Improving energy sources to reduce fossil fuel use could help address some of these impacts.
The real reason for climate change and what is driving the changes. No model is any batter then the predictive results, the validation is therefore very easy to determine.
Climate feedbacksWe talked briefly about the positivWilheminaRossi174
Climate �feedbacks�
We talked briefly about the positive feedback processes of climate
change in previous lectures. What is “feedback”?
Feedback is a concept that explains the interaction of the climate
system that alters changes in climate. When the rate of climate change
is amplified (either by warming or cooling), the process is called
“positive feedback”. The upper figure demonstrates the basic way that
these feedbacks operate.
On the other hand, when the rate of climate change is suppressed, then
the process is called “negative feedback” (lower figure).
Primary Climate System Feedbacks
• Radiation feedback (hotter planet radiates
more energy out to space, E=sT4)
• Snow/ice-albedo feedback
• Water Vapor feedback
• Cloud feedback (high versus low clouds)
So, climate feedbacks are a loop of cause and effect; positive (amplifier) and
negative feedbacks (stabilizer). Some feedback processes are more
complicated than others. Here are a few important feedbacks that affect our
climate system.
Temperatureà radiation feedback
Energy emitted = σT4
éTemperature
éradiation to
space
éCO2
êTemperature
The temperature of the Earth is increasing due to a rise in greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere. Thus, how will the climate feedback system change with this
temperature increase?
First, increases in temperature will alter radiation feedback because the energy
emitted from a blackbody is proportionate to its temperature to the fourth (σT4).
Feedback process: Increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere – increasing
temperature – increasing associated energy radiation to space – decreasing
temperature
Thus, increasing CO2 is a negative feedback process in the long term. However,
this feedback process in the climate system is far more complex. This is not the
only feedback loop that we know of.
Snow/sea ice albedo feedback
Melting of snow/sea ice directly affects the
albedo of the Earth (less ice = decrease in albedo)
Measuring Earth’s Albedo
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php
?id=84499
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84499
Also, we have seen how
recent warming has
been impacting the
arctic sea ice (see the
following two slides)
Polar amplification!
Global temperature departures from average
during January through May 2020, compared
with a 1951-1980 average. (Berkeley Earth).
Greater climate change observed near the pole responds to changes in the
radiation balance (e.g. intensified greenhouse effect). This phenomenon is
known as “polar amplification”.
Melting sea ice in the Arctic decreases the Earth’s albedo. Changes in albedo are
likely contributing to significant temperature increases in the northern
hemisphere. The increase in surface temperature is observed mainly in the
higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, where most sea ice is, and where
there is a greater continental distribution (more continent is located in the
northern hemisph ...
This document discusses the science of global warming and climate change and the potential threats they pose. It begins with an introduction explaining the need to understand the true science to appreciate the threats. The body then covers the scientific background, including the greenhouse effect, human contributions to climate change, and feedbacks that can amplify impacts. The purpose is to assess implications for society and the environment based on projected climate changes and their likely impacts.
This document provides concise and accurate answers to 101 questions on climate change posed by Professor Ian Plimer in his book. The answers are based on up-to-date peer reviewed science and were reviewed by Australian climate scientists. Additional reliable sources of information on climate change science are also listed for reference.
There is a two-way relationship between climate change and environmental change. Climate change can drive environmental changes through factors like changes in temperature and precipitation. However, environmental changes like pollution can also trigger further climate change. The chapter discusses both natural and human causes of climate change such as variations in Earth's orbit, volcanic eruptions, and increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. It also describes how climate change impacts the atmosphere by increasing global surface temperatures and temperature variations around the world.
This document provides an overview of a course on global warming science. It introduces key concepts like climate vs. weather, examples of past climate variability, evidence that the earth is warming due to human activity, and tools used to study and model climate. It outlines central questions the course will explore around physical processes controlling climate and how climate has and could change in the future.
This document is all about climate change and its related issues like global warming, ice age, effects and causes best for understanding to non scientists.
IB Extended Essay Sample APA 2018-2019 by WritingMetier.comWriting Metier
APA style International Baccalaureate Extended Essay Sample years 2018-2019 written by WritingMetier.com
Topic:
Adverse effects of global warming and what can be done to reduce it?
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
- Climate varies naturally due to regular orbital cycles that influence sunlight and atmospheric greenhouse gases, but is also influenced by human activities that are increasing global temperatures
- Both natural cycles and human-caused trends affect global climate over time, with temperatures and climates highly variable the farther back in history
- Impacts of climate change are widespread and complex, affecting weather patterns, sea levels, ecosystems, agriculture, economies and human health and security
Climate-Change by (Christian Darius Paulino)Uschiya_18
This document discusses climate change, including its causes, effects, and prevention. It is caused by both natural factors like variations in solar radiation and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities that release greenhouse gases. Scientists study climate change using observations and models to understand past and predict future climate. To prevent dangerous climate change, developed countries need to cut greenhouse gas emissions 60-80% by 2050 through greater efficiency, use of less harmful alternatives, and sequestration technologies that capture emissions.
Greenhouse Effect Essay
How Does The Greenhouse Effect The Environment?
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The Greenhouse Effect And Climate Change
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Essay about Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases
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Greenhouse Effect Essay
This presentation on climate change was given by Kate Lonsdale.
Kate Lonsdale from the NCVO climate change and BME Communities Project gave this in Manchester on the 1st May 2012.
Find out more about NCVO events: http://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events/events-listing
The document discusses several topics related to climate change:
1) Recent years have been the hottest on record with rising global temperatures and melting Arctic sea ice. The majority of Americans believe that climate change is occurring.
2) Significant efforts and investments totaling over $1 trillion per year will be needed to transition economies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize the climate.
3) Failure to curb emissions could lead to catastrophic impacts like 6°C of warming by 2100 and major sea level rise from melting ice sheets that would displace millions of people globally.
Climate Change
Investigation
Manual
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
CLIMATE CHANGE
Overview
In this lab, students will carry out several activities aimed at
demonstrating consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions,
climate change, and sea level rise. To do this, students will model
how certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat and then how
different colors and textures of surfaces reflect differing amounts
of sunlight back into space. They will create models of sea level
rise resulting from melting of sea ice and glacial ice and examine
the effects of this potential consequence of climate change.
Students will critically examine the model systems they used in
the experiments.
Outcomes
• Explain the causes of increased carbon emissions and their likely
effect on global climate.
• Discuss positive and negative climate feedback.
• Distinguish between glacial ice melt and oceanic ice melt.
Time Requirements
Preparation ..................................................................... 15 minutes
Activity 1: Modeling the Greenhouse Effect ................... 30 minutes
Activity 2: Modeling Albedo ........................................... 40 minutes
Activity 3: Sea Ice, Glacial Ice, and Sea Level Rise ....... 30 minutes
2 Carolina Distance Learning
Key
Personal protective
equipment
(PPE)
goggles gloves apron
follow
link to
video
photograph
results and
submit
stopwatch
required
warning corrosion flammable toxic environment health hazard
Made ADA compliant by
NetCentric Technologies using
the CommonLook® software
Table of Contents
2 Overview
2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
9 Materials
9 Safety
9 Preparation
10 Activity 1
11 Activity 2
12 Activity 3
13 Graphing
13 Submission
13 Disposal and Cleanup
14 Lab Worksheet
Background
For the last 30 years, controversy has
surrounded the ideas of global warming/climate
change. However, the scientific concepts behind
the theory are not new. In the 1820s, Joseph
Fourier was the first to recognize that, given
the earth’s size and distance from the sun,
the planet’s surface temperature should be
considerably cooler than it was. He proposed
several mechanisms to explain why the earth
was warmer than his calculations predicted,
one of which was that the earth’s atmosphere
might act as an insulator. Forty years later,
John Tyndall demonstrated that different
gases have different capacities to absorb
infrared radiation, most notably methane (CH4),
carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O),
all of which are present in the atmosphere. In
1896, Svante Arrhenius developed the first
mathematical model of the effect of increased
CO2 levels on temperature. His model predicted
that a doubling of the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere would produce a 5–6 °C increase
in temperature globally. Based on the level of
CO2 production in the late 19th century, he
predicted that this change would take place
over thousands of years, if at ...
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the Earth's surface to be warmer than it would otherwise be. While the greenhouse effect naturally regulates the climate, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels and raised the global temperature, leading to issues like rising sea levels, stronger storms, and more droughts and floods. The document argues that addressing climate change through reducing emissions and increasing sustainability is important for protecting the planet.
This document provides an overview of climate change, including definitions, evidence, causes, impacts, and ways to control it. It begins by defining climate change and distinguishing it from weather change. It then outlines various physical evidence of climate change, such as rising global temperatures and sea levels. Major causes of climate change discussed include greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels. Impacts described are more extreme weather, rising seas, species extinction, and effects on countries like Pakistan. The document concludes by discussing approaches to address climate change through mitigation, adaptation, and climate engineering.
Global warming is defined as the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth over the past century due to greenhouse gas emissions. The main causes are the greenhouse effect trapping heat from the sun and human activities increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Effects include more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and disrupted ecosystems. While some nations have taken steps to reduce emissions, current trends show temperatures and impacts continuing to increase without serious global action on solutions to mitigate further warming and help societies adapt.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere and warming the planet. It threatens life on Earth by raising sea levels, melting ice caps, and causing climatic changes. A survey found that more people turning off lights could help reduce global warming by decreasing emissions from energy production. The greenhouse effect currently warms the Earth, but unchecked warming will drastically change conditions worldwide if emissions are not reduced.
The document describes a scenario where a team of 4 scientists are transported 101 years into the future to the year 2110 to study the effects of global warming. Their mission is to investigate how global warming has impacted the Earth and report back to "Central Command" with recommendations for actions that can be taken today to protect future inhabitants from the consequences of climate change. Each scientist is assigned a different role - climate scientist, policy analyst, economist, energy expert, or urban planner - to research the issues from various perspectives.
This document discusses the science of global warming and climate change and the potential threats they pose. It begins with an introduction explaining the need to understand the true science to appreciate the threats. The body then covers the scientific background, including the greenhouse effect, human contributions to climate change, and feedbacks that can amplify impacts. The purpose is to assess implications for society and the environment based on projected climate changes and their likely impacts.
This document provides concise and accurate answers to 101 questions on climate change posed by Professor Ian Plimer in his book. The answers are based on up-to-date peer reviewed science and were reviewed by Australian climate scientists. Additional reliable sources of information on climate change science are also listed for reference.
There is a two-way relationship between climate change and environmental change. Climate change can drive environmental changes through factors like changes in temperature and precipitation. However, environmental changes like pollution can also trigger further climate change. The chapter discusses both natural and human causes of climate change such as variations in Earth's orbit, volcanic eruptions, and increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. It also describes how climate change impacts the atmosphere by increasing global surface temperatures and temperature variations around the world.
This document provides an overview of a course on global warming science. It introduces key concepts like climate vs. weather, examples of past climate variability, evidence that the earth is warming due to human activity, and tools used to study and model climate. It outlines central questions the course will explore around physical processes controlling climate and how climate has and could change in the future.
This document is all about climate change and its related issues like global warming, ice age, effects and causes best for understanding to non scientists.
IB Extended Essay Sample APA 2018-2019 by WritingMetier.comWriting Metier
APA style International Baccalaureate Extended Essay Sample years 2018-2019 written by WritingMetier.com
Topic:
Adverse effects of global warming and what can be done to reduce it?
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
- Climate varies naturally due to regular orbital cycles that influence sunlight and atmospheric greenhouse gases, but is also influenced by human activities that are increasing global temperatures
- Both natural cycles and human-caused trends affect global climate over time, with temperatures and climates highly variable the farther back in history
- Impacts of climate change are widespread and complex, affecting weather patterns, sea levels, ecosystems, agriculture, economies and human health and security
Climate-Change by (Christian Darius Paulino)Uschiya_18
This document discusses climate change, including its causes, effects, and prevention. It is caused by both natural factors like variations in solar radiation and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities that release greenhouse gases. Scientists study climate change using observations and models to understand past and predict future climate. To prevent dangerous climate change, developed countries need to cut greenhouse gas emissions 60-80% by 2050 through greater efficiency, use of less harmful alternatives, and sequestration technologies that capture emissions.
Greenhouse Effect Essay
How Does The Greenhouse Effect The Environment?
The Greenhouse Effect On Earth
The Greenhouse Effect And Climate Change
Essay On Greenhouse Gases
Essay about Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Essay
Persuasive Essay On Green House Effect
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Essay
The Greenhouse Effect On The Environment
Global Warming and Climate Change Essay
Causes Of The Greenhouse Effect
Persuasive Essay: The Greenhouse Effect
The Greenhouse Effect Essay
Climate Control And The Greenhouse Effect
The Enhanced Green House Effect Essay example
Greenhouse Effect Essay
This presentation on climate change was given by Kate Lonsdale.
Kate Lonsdale from the NCVO climate change and BME Communities Project gave this in Manchester on the 1st May 2012.
Find out more about NCVO events: http://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events/events-listing
The document discusses several topics related to climate change:
1) Recent years have been the hottest on record with rising global temperatures and melting Arctic sea ice. The majority of Americans believe that climate change is occurring.
2) Significant efforts and investments totaling over $1 trillion per year will be needed to transition economies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize the climate.
3) Failure to curb emissions could lead to catastrophic impacts like 6°C of warming by 2100 and major sea level rise from melting ice sheets that would displace millions of people globally.
Climate Change
Investigation
Manual
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
CLIMATE CHANGE
Overview
In this lab, students will carry out several activities aimed at
demonstrating consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions,
climate change, and sea level rise. To do this, students will model
how certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat and then how
different colors and textures of surfaces reflect differing amounts
of sunlight back into space. They will create models of sea level
rise resulting from melting of sea ice and glacial ice and examine
the effects of this potential consequence of climate change.
Students will critically examine the model systems they used in
the experiments.
Outcomes
• Explain the causes of increased carbon emissions and their likely
effect on global climate.
• Discuss positive and negative climate feedback.
• Distinguish between glacial ice melt and oceanic ice melt.
Time Requirements
Preparation ..................................................................... 15 minutes
Activity 1: Modeling the Greenhouse Effect ................... 30 minutes
Activity 2: Modeling Albedo ........................................... 40 minutes
Activity 3: Sea Ice, Glacial Ice, and Sea Level Rise ....... 30 minutes
2 Carolina Distance Learning
Key
Personal protective
equipment
(PPE)
goggles gloves apron
follow
link to
video
photograph
results and
submit
stopwatch
required
warning corrosion flammable toxic environment health hazard
Made ADA compliant by
NetCentric Technologies using
the CommonLook® software
Table of Contents
2 Overview
2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
9 Materials
9 Safety
9 Preparation
10 Activity 1
11 Activity 2
12 Activity 3
13 Graphing
13 Submission
13 Disposal and Cleanup
14 Lab Worksheet
Background
For the last 30 years, controversy has
surrounded the ideas of global warming/climate
change. However, the scientific concepts behind
the theory are not new. In the 1820s, Joseph
Fourier was the first to recognize that, given
the earth’s size and distance from the sun,
the planet’s surface temperature should be
considerably cooler than it was. He proposed
several mechanisms to explain why the earth
was warmer than his calculations predicted,
one of which was that the earth’s atmosphere
might act as an insulator. Forty years later,
John Tyndall demonstrated that different
gases have different capacities to absorb
infrared radiation, most notably methane (CH4),
carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O),
all of which are present in the atmosphere. In
1896, Svante Arrhenius developed the first
mathematical model of the effect of increased
CO2 levels on temperature. His model predicted
that a doubling of the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere would produce a 5–6 °C increase
in temperature globally. Based on the level of
CO2 production in the late 19th century, he
predicted that this change would take place
over thousands of years, if at ...
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the Earth's surface to be warmer than it would otherwise be. While the greenhouse effect naturally regulates the climate, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels and raised the global temperature, leading to issues like rising sea levels, stronger storms, and more droughts and floods. The document argues that addressing climate change through reducing emissions and increasing sustainability is important for protecting the planet.
This document provides an overview of climate change, including definitions, evidence, causes, impacts, and ways to control it. It begins by defining climate change and distinguishing it from weather change. It then outlines various physical evidence of climate change, such as rising global temperatures and sea levels. Major causes of climate change discussed include greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels. Impacts described are more extreme weather, rising seas, species extinction, and effects on countries like Pakistan. The document concludes by discussing approaches to address climate change through mitigation, adaptation, and climate engineering.
Global warming is defined as the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth over the past century due to greenhouse gas emissions. The main causes are the greenhouse effect trapping heat from the sun and human activities increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Effects include more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and disrupted ecosystems. While some nations have taken steps to reduce emissions, current trends show temperatures and impacts continuing to increase without serious global action on solutions to mitigate further warming and help societies adapt.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere and warming the planet. It threatens life on Earth by raising sea levels, melting ice caps, and causing climatic changes. A survey found that more people turning off lights could help reduce global warming by decreasing emissions from energy production. The greenhouse effect currently warms the Earth, but unchecked warming will drastically change conditions worldwide if emissions are not reduced.
The document describes a scenario where a team of 4 scientists are transported 101 years into the future to the year 2110 to study the effects of global warming. Their mission is to investigate how global warming has impacted the Earth and report back to "Central Command" with recommendations for actions that can be taken today to protect future inhabitants from the consequences of climate change. Each scientist is assigned a different role - climate scientist, policy analyst, economist, energy expert, or urban planner - to research the issues from various perspectives.
Similar to Issues of global worming and their effect.ppt (20)
This document defines and provides examples of the different types of adverbs in English. It explains that adverbs modify verbs by providing information about how, where, how many times, or with what intensity an action occurs. The types of adverbs discussed are: manner, place, time, frequency, degree, affirmation/negation, and reason. Examples are given for each type to illustrate how adverbs provide additional details about verbs.
This document provides a 3 paragraph summary of the contents and purpose of William Shakespeare's collection of sonnets. The first paragraph introduces that it is an electronic publication from The Electronic Classics Series. The second paragraph notes that Jim Manis is the editor and it is being published to make the works freely accessible. The third paragraph provides background on Jim Manis and notes that the text of the sonnets themselves are not copyrighted within the United States.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
2. Is the climate becoming warmer
and warmer?
• According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth's
surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in
the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two
decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the
warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human
activities. Human activities have altered the chemical
composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of
greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and
nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is
undisputed although uncertainties exist about exactly how
earth's climate responds to them. (source:US-EPA)
3. Global temperature trend
Note that these are surface temperatures and mostly overland. The
temperature in upper levels may be different, even reversed.
4. What cause the temperature of
the atmosphere to go up?
• There are many possible mechanisms that can cause the
warming of the atmosphere, for example:
– Natural variation – the climate becomes warmer by internal chaotic
dynamics of the earth-atmosphere system (that is, no external influence).
– Solar activity – either direct increase of solar energy output or indirect
“trigger” mechanisms due to solar activity (though nobody knows how)
may cause the surface temperature to go up.
– Greenhouse effect – increasing “greenhouse” gases such as CO2, CH4,
NO, CFC,…etc. (actually H2O is very efficient, too, but at present it is
assumed to be in steady state).
• The last one is presently thought to be the most likely cause of the
global warming and hence we will examine it here in this chapter..
6. How is the CO2 increase
connected to the global warming?
• Physically, via the greenhouse effect.
• The connection is usually made via the use of a
climate model.
• Control run versus scenarios.
• If the scenario run results show warmer surface
condition than the control, then it is plausible to
suspect that the increasing CO2 concentration in
the atmosphere may cause warming.
7. Feedback Effect
• The climate system is very complicated. A change in one
component of the system may cause changes in other
components. Sometimes the changes in other components
enhance the initial change, then we say that these changes
have positive feedback to the system. If the changes result
in the reduction of the original change, then they have
negative feedback.
• Both positive and negative feedback processes may exist in
the climate system. In studying the global climatic change,
we cannot make conclusions based on intuition, but have
to take all such possible complicated effects into account.
A good climate model would have treated all of them
realistically.
8. An example of positive feedback
• When the climate becomes warmer (either due to
the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere or other
unknown mechanisms), the ocean may also
become warmer. A warmer ocean has lower
solubility of CO2 and hence will release more CO2
into the atmosphere. This may cause the climate to
become even warmer than before. Thus the
dependence of solubility of CO2 on temperature
has a positive feedback on the climate system.
9. An example of negative feedback
• Consider a clear region over the ocean. Since there is no
cloud, the sun shines on the ocean surface, causing it to
warm up. This makes this part of the ocean warmer than
other parts and the air over it tends to rise (causing
convection). As we have learned before, rising air expands
and cools, causing clouds to form. The formation of clouds
will block out the sun and the solar heating of the ocean
surface will cease. The surface will start to cool down.
Thus the cloud formation due to surface heating and
convection is a negative feedback to the climate system.
10. How fast will the CO2 concentration increase?
• There are various estimates of the CO2 increasing rate. They are
different in the statistical models used (for example, linear vs.
nonlinear increase) and the future regulations.
11. If temperature can change, so do other meteorological and
environmental variables.
• The change in
temperature may cause a
change in precipitation.
• Vegetation may also
change in response to
temperature and
precipitation changes.
• And there will be changes
in the animal and human
world in response to these
environmental changes.
Source: NOAA
12. Ice shelves of the South Pole have
partly separated and are collapsing.
(NASA)
Receding high mountain glaciers
Melting ice and
rising sea level
13. Of course the physical environmental
change will lead to changes in the
biosphere – including our society.
14. Some examples of criticisms
• There are evidence showing that
the current temperature isn’t really
that warm compared to what was
two to three thousand years ago.
The figure to the right shows that
the temperature of Sagaso Sea
fluctuates in a range of ~ 3.6°C.
• Also the “trend” depends on the
data sets and the section of data
you select to examine – see the
lower chart. By using a different
data set (here the satellite
microwave sounding) and selecting
a suitable section (for example,
1978-1998) you can actually show
that there was a cooling, not
warming.
Source: Robinson et al. (1998)
15. There are also evidence showing that the solar activity seems
to have some influence on atmospheric temperature. But there
are many questions here. Especially on how and how much.
16. You can go back even further…
• Back even further in
time, the CO2 level in
the atmosphere
fluctuated
considerably and
sometimes the
concentration might be
much greater than it is
now.
Crowley & Berner, Science 2001;292(5518);870–872.
17. Ultimately
• The problem really is that we don’t know how the climate
machine works, hence it is difficult at present to say that the
warming is due to the increase of greenhouse gases and not the
results of natural fluctuation of the global climate system.
• Recently, there seems to be increasing evidence showing the
connection between the global warming and industrial injection
of greenhouse gases. However, the extent is still not clear.
• Hopefully, with more research we can say more definitely in the
near future.